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elephant.txt
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1996-04-27
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Elephantiasis
I did my report on filariasis, which is more commonly known
as elephantiasis. Elephantiasis is the late phase of filariasis.
Filariasis is a tropical mosquito born parasitic disease causing
obstruction of the lymph vessels. In some people the presence of
the worm causes a tissue reaction that causes the lymph flow to
be blocked. This blockage produces lymphedema which is a swelling
and can eventually lead to a tremendous enlargement of an extremity
or organ. When elephantiasis follows repeated infection, parts of
the body -- particularly the legs -- become grossly enlarged and
the surrounding skin hardens and ulcerates. Certain types of
elephantiasis can be treated surgically. Elephantiasis of the legs
is usually treated with elastic bandages and frequent elevation of
the legs. The leg and foot, may swell to elephantine size. There
may be allergic reactions like itching and localized swelling. The
body may also react by causing calcium tissue to be deposited around
the worm, walling it off and eventually causing its death.
In humans, the mature worm lives tightly coiled in the lymphatic
vessels where they reproduce. The female holds the fertilized eggs
in her body. Later the embryos, called microfilariae, are discharged
alive. An interesting feature of these worms is the periodic swarming
of the microfilariae in the bloodstream. In most species swarming
takes place at night. The embryos can be taken up by an insect only
when they are in a human's bloodstream. They develope into infective
larvae in the insect, which is the intermediate host. These hosts
are various genera of mosquitoes, notably A?des, Anopheles, and Culex.
Within 10 to 11 days after ingestion by a human skin they migrate to
the lymphayic vessels where they mature and reproduce. There isn't
really any prevention to this disease.
Bibliography
Drimmer, Frederick; THE ELEPHANT MAN; Putnam Publishers;
New York, 1985
"Elephantiasis", FISHBEIN'S ILLUSTRATED MEDICAL AND HEALTH
ENCYCLOPEDIA; H.S. Stuttman Inc. Publishers; Westport,
CT.; 1983 ed., vol. 2, pp. 527
"Filariasis", COLLIER'S ENCYCLOPEDIA; Macmillan Educational
Company New York, Maxwell Macmillan Canada, Maxwell
Macmillan International Publishing Group; New York,
Oxford, Sydney; 1991 ed., col. 9, pp. 698-699