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Hacker Chronicles 1
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1992-10-03
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6KB
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105 lines
ATI ATI ATI ATI ATI ATI ATI
ATI ATI
ATI Pay Tv-Scrambling ATI
ATI ATI
ATI By ATI
ATI ATI
ATI ATI
ATI ATI ATI ATI ATI ATI ATI
Advanced Telecommunications Inc..
How Scrambling Works
-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_
First, lets review the characeristics of a standard T
al. In order to produce a picture, the entire face of the
icture tube is scanned line-by-line, starting at the top lef
and continuing to the right and down, in what is called rastr
scan. Each complete scan is called a frame, and takes 1/30th f
econd to complete. During that 1/30th 525 lines are
ransmitted. Therefore, in one second there are 15,750 lines
transmitted. Inorder to produce a readable image on the screen,
necessary to transmit sinchronizig (or sync) pulses. Those
ulses are used to assure the scan begins at the correct time
Both vertical- and horizonal-sync pulses are used for ths
purpose.
A vertical-sync pulse defines the beginning of each frame
field(half a frame) and a horizontal-sync pulse defines the
eginning of each line. In addition to sync pulses, there is a
additional signal called a blanking pulse. To understand te
purpose of the blanking pulses, rember how the raster scan goes
by-line from left to right down the screen. In order for it
o get from the end of one line to the boginning of the next, it
ust sweep back or retrace it's path. However, during the brief
eriod when it is doing that, it is nessary to turn off the beam
blank it. That is nessary to turn off the beam, or blank it.
hat is the function of the blanking pulse. The sync pulses are
uperimoposed on the blanking pulses.
What happens is that every time the beam sweeps to the end
a line, or frame, it is extinguished or blanked by the
orizontal or vertical blanking pulse before it resets to the
eginning of the next line, or frame, by the sync pulse.
Now, suppose we alter the charactristics of the sync pulses,
r even remove them entirely. What happens? You guessed it-a
on the screen instead of a picture. The waveforme of a
crambled signal have there characteristics:Non-standard sync an
blanking pulses. That Standard signal is compared to a standad
al, Which represents about 1 1/2 loines of video information.
With anormal signal, the set's circuitry expects to see the
olor-burst signal during a specified interval. If it dosn't
ecognize the blanking pulse, it can't reognize the color-burst
l eather. So the set's circuitry is eather unsyncronized or
osn't work at all. Just by changing one part of the signal-the
lanking pulse-it is possible to destroy not only the pictur
sync but also the color sync.
All that has been done to the scrambled video signal has
to reduce the horizontal blanking-signal level below the
ideo-signal level. To reconstitute the picture, all that is
equired to restore everything to it's original levels. That can
e done verry simply by momentarily increasing the gain of the Tv
ing the Horizontal-blanking interval.
There is a verry important correlation between the sound and
the restoration of the sync and blanking pulses. Program audo
is transmitted via a 31.5-kHz sub-carrier, the information n
sub-carrier is double-sideband, supressed carrier signal.
n order to demodulate it, a refrence signal, or pilot carrier,
s required. The frequency of that pilot carrier is one-half the
odulating-carrier frequency. That number-15.75-is the
zontal-line frequency we talked about earlier, and represents
he number of horizontal-sync pulses generated in one second.
bviously there is some correlation here.
A pilot-carrier signal can be used as a timing reference to
eate the sync and blanking pulses. The pilot carrier
nerates a 15.75-kHz square wave signal in a decoder IC such as
an LM1800. That signal in turn is used totrigger two cascaded
ne-shot multivibrators that produce a gate pulse of exactly th
width and phase as the horizontal-blanking pulse. That gate
pulse is used to increase the IF gain of the TV reciver durrig
the horizontal-blanking interval, restoring the sync- ad
blanking-signal strengths to normal.
The method is the same as the one used to transmit the
rence information that produces an FM-stereo signal. And,
ince the same process is involved, the same hardware can be used
to retrieve the signal. The only difference between the stero
em and this system is the way the signals are retrived on the
utput. In a stereo, the main-channel signal is added to th
sub-carrier signal to produce two separate channels. In te
unscrambling application, the main channel signal is subtracte,
only the sub-carrier signal is used.
C) 1986 Advanced Telecommunications Inc..
Master Blaster (313)
ATI ATI ATI ATI ATI ATI ATI ATI ATI ATI ATI ATI ATI ATI ATI ATI
DOWNLOADED FROM P-80 SYSTEMS.....