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1063.HIER.DOC
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1988-12-10
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INTERNATIONAL ROUTING DESIGNATORS
Lew Jenkins, N6VV
David B. Toth, M.D., VE3GYQ
H. N. "Hank" Oredson, W0RLI
c/o Dr. D. B. Toth
499 Bobbybrook Drive
London, Ontario, Canada
N5X 1G8
It has become obvious by now that the work-horse of our so-called
packet network is the venerable BBS program. In fact, some will argue
that it has been too successful. Every time that a band-aid is needed
to "fix" the network, it is applied through the various BBS programs.
It is probably fair to say that the maintenance of the forwarding
tables is a drudgery that most sysops could do without. This point also
under-scores a serious problem faced by all networks: ROUTING.
With the introduction of W0RLI V7.00 and support for Hierarchical
routing designators, we have an opportunity to improve traffic routing
particularly for international traffic. Since N6VV is at the present
time responsible for traffic to Asia and the Pacific, and occasionally
Europe and Africa, he has implemented some Hierarchical routing
designators which will assist him in international routing.
Using this structure mail can now be addressed :
JA1ABC @ JA1KSO.JPN.AS
or
VK4AHD @ AX4BBS.AUS.AU
Starting today you can begin using Continental and Country designators
for international traffic destined for Asia and the Pacific. A forward
file may be set up to support the following codes:
** Continental Designators **
NA - North America
SA - South America
EU - Europe
AS - Asia
AF - Africa
AU - Australia
** Country Designators **
For country codes there is a generally accepted international standard
for abreviations. These are used in international electronic message
standards such as ANSI X.12 and EDIFACT. They are published by the
International Standards Organization and known formally as ISO
3166-1981(E/F).
--------------------------- CUT HERE ---------------------------------
Country codes (abbreviated list to show common country codes):
Argentina ARG Japan JPN
Australia AUS Korea,North PRK
Austria AUT Korea,South KOR
Belgium BEL Lebanon LBN
Bermuda BMU Liechtenstein LIE
Bolivia BOL Luxembourg LUX
Brazil BRA Malaysia MYS
Brunei BRN Mexico MEX
Bulgaria BGR Monaco MCO
Canada CAN Morocco MAR
Chile CHL Netherlands NLD
China CHN New Zealand NZL
Colombia COL Nicaragua NIC
Costa Rica CRI Norway NOR
Cuba CUB Pakistan PAK
Denmark DNK Panama PAN
Dominican Republic DOM Paraguay PRY
Ecuador ECU Peru PER
Egypt EGY Phillipines PHL
El Salvador SLV Poland POL
Finland FIN Portugal PRT
France FRA Romania ROM
French Polynesia PYF Saudi Arabia SAU
German Demo. Rep. DDR Singapore SGP
Germany, Federal Rep DEU South Africa ZAF
Greece GRC Spain ESP
Greenland GRL Sweden SWE
Guatemala GTM Switzerland CHE
Haiti HTI Syria SYR
Honduras HND Taiwan TWN
Hong Kong HKG Thailand THA
Hungary HUN Turkey TUR
Iceland ISL United Kingdom GBR
India IND United States USA
Indonesia IDN Uruguay URY
Ireland IRL USSR SUN
Israel ISR Venezuela VEN
Italy ITA Yugoslavia YUG
State and province codes shall be the recognized two-character code
established by the American and Canadian Post Offices. These may also
be found in the Callbook listings.
It is after we get down to the state/province/county level where the
trouble may begin. To understand why, we must examine how the BBS code
goes about matching things in the route. The first principle is that
it attempts to find a match between the items in its forward file and
the left-most item in the address field. As an example, say that we
send something to W0RLI @ W0RLI.CA.USA.NA, and that the only entries
--------------------- CUT HERE -------------------------------------
that we have in the forward file are for CA. That match would be
sufficient to allow the message to be forwarded. If W0RLI were found,
that entry would take precedence (because it is more left in the field
than CA) and would of course also ensure delivery. The best way to
look at it is "W0RLI AT W0RLI which is in CA which is in USA which is
in NA". So far so good.
But the Japanese network wants to use area routing numbers. For
example, JA1ABC @ JA1KSO.42.JPN.AS ... and everyone says, "So what,
let them!" Of course, that is very mature of all of us, but the trouble
is that the 42 in that string may also match wild-card ZIP codes that
some folks keep in their forward file, such as 42*. The solution we
propose is to use an agreed upon key character for designators below
the state and province level, and we recommend the octothorpe, "#".
So now the above address would be JA1ABC @ JA1KSO.#42.JPN.AS .
Other examples could be:
1) W0RLI @ W0RLI.#SFO.#NORCA.CA.USA.NA - W0RLI within SFO (San
Francisco) within North California, etc.
2) VE3BTZ @ VE3GYQ.#LONDN.#SONT.ON.CAN.NA - VE3BTZ at VE3GYQ in
London, in Southern Ontario, in Ontario, etc.
There is another added benefit to this scheme. It involves Gatewaying
between the BBS world and other networks, such as TCP/IP via SMTP.
Much of the pioneer work in setting up the gatewaying protocols has
been done by NN2Z, N3EUA, and PA0GRI, amongst others. The W0RLI BBS
package allows for the forwarding of mail between the BBS world and
the SMTP world. Of note is the fact that the WA7MBL package has allowed
such message exporting and importing for some time now. This means that
we can take advantage of the the TCP/IP host-names and their domain or
hierarchal format for forwarding. Thus it is possible to send mail from
the BBS to VE3BTZ as ve3btz@pc.ve3btz.ampr.org or from SMTP to
w0rli@w0rli.ca.usa.na and not have any ambiguity.
We expect that WA7MBL will also be implementing hierarchal routing in
the near future. This system is still compatable with older style
systems, as a system that handles hierarchal forwarding identifies
with the H feature letter: [RLI-8.00-CH$]. If it does not get an
appropriate response, it uses the left-most item in the "@ BBS" string
as the "@ BBS" for the message.
The authors hope that this paper will serve as a starting place for
improved message routing by means of implicit routing. Low-level (VHF)
BBSs need only maintain state or province or country codes for distant
BBSs, and route such traffic to their nearest HF Gateway. In turn, the
HF station routes it to the desired state, where the receiving Gateway
station would have a detailed list of the BBSs it serves.
Correspondence may be addressed to the address given at the start of
this paper, or to VE3GYQ @ VE3GYQ.ON.CAN.NA or N6VV @ N6VV.CA.USA.NA .