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.PL ******************************* * * * PROGRAM DOCUMENTATION * * = Non-Commercial Use Only = * * * ******************************* ****************************************** * * * =========== * * = XYSee = * * =========== * * * * Mathematic Functions in Graphic Form * * * ****************************************** Highly Interactive, Graphics Oriented Computer-Aided-Instruction Program Covering Mathematic Functions And Forms Within The Cartesian (rectangular) Coordinate System. XYSee is designed as an INSIGHT ENHANCING addition to high-school and college level studies in ALGEBRA, GEOMETRY, and TRIGONOMETRY. It overcomes the classic difficulty in visualizing the curve represented by a given equation, and the effect upon the form of the curve when parameters within the equation change. XYSee provides full coverage of primary level subjects such as POINTS and LINES, intermediate subjects such as QUADRATICS, TRIGONOMETRICS, and advanced subjects such as PARAMETRICS and COMPOSITES. In addition, Interactive coverage is extended to forms such as TRIANGLES, user defined POLYGONS (structured SPLINE, and free-form,) and designs utilizing ARTISTIC MATHEMATICS. XYSee's advanced features include: A fully functional yet simple to implement MACRO FACILITY. An enigmatic puzzle game to CHALLENGE your skills. A LANGUAGE-SENSITIVE Macro, Import, and Puzzle file Editor. A multiple value free-form IMPORT facility. Dynamically proportioned MOVING WINDOW displays. Function sensitive BASIC STATISTICS. Plot ENHANCEMENTS and progressive OVERLAYS. Context sensitive HELP SCREENS. GRAPHIC and NON-GRAPHIC PRINTER support. Minimum System Configuration: IBM-PC or true compatible with 256K RAM and one disk drive. PC-DOS 2.0 or truly compatible MS-DOS 2.0 or greater. IBM-CGA, Hercules Graphics Card or true compatible. Contact Insight Advantage for Hercules monochrome version. XYSee Mathematic Functions in Graphic Form. Changes and modifications to this program and manual will be made periodically. Consider them as additions to the information supplied herein. Direct your requests for copies of this product to Insight Advantage. Copyright (C) 1990 by Dean M. Thompson. All rights reserved. This product, the software, manual, and any other information included in this package is copyrighted. Copying, duplicating, or otherwise reproducing any part of this product (except where explicitly mentioned in writing) is prohibited by law without the express written consent of Insight Advantage. Voluntary or willful violations of the Copyright Law of the United States can result in civil damages in addition to actual occurring damages. IBM, MS-DOS, Hercules, WordStar, Epson, SideKick are respectively trademarks of: International Business Machines Corp., Microsoft Corp., Hercules Computer Technology, MicroPro International, Epson America Corp., Borland International, Inc. Insight Advantage 4509 Yellowleaf Dr. Fort Worth, TX 76133 XYSee TABLE OF CONTENTS ======================= XYSee BASIC MENU STRUCTURE 1 XYSee SAMPLE SESSION 2 Backing Up Your Diskettes 2 Caring For Your Diskettes 2 The XYSee Program Disk 2 Before We Start 3 First Steps 3 Conventions 3 Important Keys 4 Grand Tour 4 XYSee Registration 6 MAIN MENU Screen 6 One Dimensional Point Math Module 7 Numeric Value Entry 8 First Waiting Point 9 Main Plot Display 10 PLOT OPTIONS Menu 10 CURSOR Plot Option 11 OVERLAY Plot Option 11 RETRIEVE Plot Option 11 STORE Plot Option 11 STATISTICS Plot Option 11 ENHANCE PLOT Plot Option 12 PRINT PLOT Plot Option 12 Plot HELP Plot Option 12 EXITING Plot Options 12 Second Waiting Point 13 Plot a Second Point 13 START PUZZLE Menu Option 14 Puzzle File Directory 14 2D POINT Puzzle Selection 14 CURSOR Plot Option 14 ZOOM SCALE Plot Option 15 ENHANCE PLOT Plot Option 15 PRINT PUZZLE Plot Option 15 PUZZLE HELP Plot Option 15 Second Puzzle Waiting Point 16 PUZZLE REPORT Menu Option 16 Keyboard Puzzle File Preparation 16 SAVE PUZZLE Menu Option 17 Final Words 17 XYSee ADVANCED PROCEDURES 18 PARAMETRIC/COMPOSITE Procedures 18 Using The Para./Comp. Procedures 18 Cubic SPLINE Procedures 19 Using the SPLINE Procedures 19 XYSee Printer Support 20 Using The Printer 20 MACRO Procedures 21 Executing A MACRO Routine 21 Preparing MACRO Files 22 STEP DELAY Value Recommendations 22 MACRO Filenames 24 IMPORT Procedures 25 Executing An IMPORT Routine 25 Preparing IMPORT Files 26 Example IMPORT File Listing 27 IMPORT Filenames 27 PUZZLE Procedures 27 Preparing PUZZLE Files 27 TOLERANCE VALUE Recommendations 27 NUMERIC Examples 28 FUNCTION Examples 28 PUZZLE Filenames 29 Editor BASIC MENU STRUCTURE 30 XYSee LANGUAGE SENSITIVE EDITOR 31 Edit File Specifications 31 Beginning the XYSee Editor Tour 31 Main Edit Screen 31 XYSee Editor HELP 31 Main Edit Screen (continued) 32 Editor Command HELP 33 CURSOR Control HELP 33 Right 10 spaces..TAB 33 Left/Right on line..F2 33 Bottom of screen..End 34 Top of screen..Home 34 Cursor down..Down-arrow 34 Cursor right..Right-arrow 34 Cursor up..Up-arrow 34 Cursor left..Left-arrow 34 Delete character..Del 34 Insert character..Ins 35 Backspace/Delete..Backspace 35 Next screen..PgDn 35 Bottom of file..F4 35 Append line..RET 35 Previous screen..PgUp 35 Top of file..F3 36 Insert line..F7 36 Delete line..F8 36 Restore line..F10 36 Copy line from..F5 {Cut} 36 Copy line to..F6 {Paste} 37 Print edit file..F9 37 HELP..F1 37 Exit/Syntax check..ESCape 37 Saving Changes 38 Continue Editing 38 Edit a New File 38 Preparing a Practice Edit MACRO 39 Executing the Practice Edit MACRO 40 Finishing up 40 Editor HELP Screens 41 Edit Command HELP screen #1 41 Syntax HELP screen #2 41 Application Command HELP screen #3 42 Appendices 1. Glossary I-1 2. ERROR Messages II-1 3. Functional Modules (see listing below) III-1 4. Demonstration Values IV-1 5. MACRO Commands V-1 6. PUZZLE Syntax VI-1 7. MACRO/IMPORT/PUZZLE Practice Files VII-1 8. Index VIII-1 FUNCTIONAL MODULES III-1 Import Facility III-1 1D Point III-2 2D Point III-2 Line III-3 Triangle III-3 Quadratic Equation III-4 Circle III-4 Parabola III-5 Ellipse III-5 Hyperbola III-6 Conic III-6 Sine III-7 Cosine III-7 Tangent III-8 Cosecant III-8 Secant III-9 Cotangent III-9 Parametric #1 III-10 Parametric #2 III-11 Composite #1 III-12 Composite #2 III-13 Spline III-13 Associated Documents 1. Listing of "Practice.MAM". 2. XYSee TROUBLE REPORT. Page 1 XYSee BASIC MENU STRUCTURE ========================== INTRODUCTION | |________________ SYSTEM CUSTOMIZATION | | | |_ Sound {ON, OFF} | |_ Color {Special, Default} | |_ Files {A,B,C,Default} | HELP--|_ Configuration {Files=20} | |_ Registration MAIN MENU | | | |___ MACRO Script {Global} | |___ Puzzle Menu _____________ | |___ File Editor ___ | | |___ Menu HELP | PUZZLE MENU | |___ END XYSee | | | | |--HELP | |_ Start Puzzle | _________________| | | |_ Disk File-Keyboard | | | | | | | | | | | |_ Puzzle Report | Macro Import Puzzle | |_ Save Puzzle | | | |_ Menu HELP | |_ Ma<M>-<G>-<Q>-<T>-<A> | | | ____|_________________ | {Editor} | | | | | HELP_______| GEOM-MENU QUAD TRIG ADVANCED | | | | |_ Menu HELP | | |_ Example | ___|___________________________________________ | | | | | | | GEOM-MENU QUAD-MENU TRIG-MENU ADVANCED-MENU Import | | | | | |_ MACRO Script {Local} | | |_ Menu HELP | | |_ Graphic Art | | Para#1 Para#2 Comp#1 Comp#2 | | 1D Points 2D Points Line Triangle |_ Cursor | |_ Zoom Scale PLOT OPTIONS MENU |_ Enhance Plot | |_ Print Puzzle |_ Cursor |_ Puzzle HELP |_ Overlay Plots | |_ Store-Retrieve |_ Statistics |_ Enhance Plot |_ Print Plot {EPSON 0-6} |_ Plot HELP Page 2 XYSee SAMPLE SESSION ==================== Backing Up Your Diskettes: Diskettes can be damaged or lost. We recommend that before you use XYSee, you make a copy of the Master Disk. Use the copy whenever you run the program, leaving the Master Disk in a safe place so it can be used to restore your copy should it become necessary. Specific information on making backup copies of disks can be found in your DOS (Disk Operating System) manuals. Caring For Your Diskettes: Handle diskettes carefully. Treat them as you would any valuable object; for, with your files on them, that's exactly what they are. Diskettes should be stored in an upright position in their protective sleeves. They should not be subjected to direct sunlight, magnetic fields (Vacuum cleaners, televisions, microwave ovens etc.), dust, or extreme temperatures. When you handle a diskette, try not to touch the magnetic media. Don't bend them or write on them with anything heavier than a felt tip pen. The XYSee Program Disk: All of the program files used by XYSee reside on a single diskette. XYSee and it's various MACRO, Import, and Puzzle files occupy the majority of the disk space. The remaining space is sufficient for several additional routines. Should more space be needed, we recommend deleting the practice files and any user developed routines that are not currently needed. Page 3 Before We Start: XYSee does a lot of exciting things with disk files. To help it do its job efficiently, you should reserve as much file capability as possible in your computer system. You do this by adding the statement "FILES=20" to what is known as a CONFIG.SYS file on your "BOOT" or system disk the FIRST TIME you use XYSee. If, however, you're not quite sure what we are talking about, merely select the 'CONFIGURATION' option in the 'XYSee SETUP' module and XYSee will enter the statement for you. After configuring your system, you should "BOOT" or RESET your computer to enable your operating system to use the instructions you have just prepared. First Steps: Starting XYSee is easy, merely insert the program diskette into your disk drive and enter XYSee at the DOS prompt. In addition to XYSee itself, your program diskette contains several auxiliary files. The three main types of files are MACROs, IMPORT routines, and Puzzles. The MACROs are sequences of instructions that your program can execute automatically (more on this later). IMPORT files contain lists of "X" and corresponding "Y" coordinate values that XYSee will plot, thus making any hidden relationship within the data clear. The third type of file found on the program disk is the puzzle. XYSee's puzzles consist of a graphic representation of combinations of mathematic functions. The object of the exercise is to solve for the various pieces of the puzzle using a minimum amount of time and number of attempts. We have included these auxiliary files to help you quickly become familiar with all the interesting capabilities of XYSee. Conventions: Before we can go any further, we need to establish some conventions to help us as we progress. The first concerns keys. When a key press is called for, the indicated key will be written within brackets like this: <KEY TO PRESS>. In addition, menu selections and commands will be placed within single quotes like this: 'MENU SELECTION'. Page 4 Important Keys: ARROW (CURSOR CONTROL) KEY.. Indicates MENU selections. Positions the PLOT CURSOR. Moves the STATISTICS window. ENTER Key.. Selects MENU levels. Executes FUNCTION selected. Indicates ACCEPTANCE of plot values. ESCape Key.. EXITS from menu levels, plot options, and math function modules. REJECTS unwanted plot parameter values. Alt. Key.. Selects an ALTERNATE FORMULA when used with the <F> key. Selects an ALTERNATE PLOT FONT when used with the key. NUMERIC Keys.. ENTER plot parameter values. Just remember, SELECT with an <ARROW>; ENTER with <ENTER>; DEFINE your plot value with a <NUMERIC>; and EXIT with <ESCape>...Its that simple! Grand Tour: After XYSee starts executing, the fun begins. Assuming everything goes well, XYSee will present you with a "XYSee PROCEDURES" screen. This screen is just a reminder of some of the more important points in running the program, like how to move around within the menus, etc. Notice the comments on setting your system's unique 'SOUND', and 'COLOR' requirements. This is your opportunity to configure XYSee for a particular environment. Page 5 Selecting the different parameters to change is done with the <ARROW> keys and <ENTER>. Before XYSee will let you proceed to the system setup module, however, it first checks to insure that your <ARROW> keys are active. If you notice a "Please press your Number Lock key" request at the bottom of your screen, that is what's happening. Now let's take a little closer look at the SETUP procedures. Press <Y>es to select the 'XYSee SETUP' module. The Setup window will open with the selection bar highlighting the 'SOUND' option. Press <UP> and <DOWN> a couple of times and notice how the FUNCTION and COMMENT windows follow. Press <ARROW> and <ENTER> to select the 'SOUND' option. Pressing <ENTER> will toggle the sound capability of your system ON and OFF. Set it 'ON' for this session. Press <DOWN> to highlight the 'COLOR' option. The COLOR option toggles between the single 'DEFAULT' screen color, and a repeating sequence of 'SPECIAL' colors. Just press <ENTER> repeatedly until the desired color is active. Press <DOWN> to highlight the 'FILES' option. XYSee can access MACRO, Import, and Puzzle files from a primary disk drive 'A', a secondary drive 'B', a fixed disk drive 'C', or automatically from whatever drive and directory combination is currently active 'Default'. Use these options to keep your XYSee program and data files separate. Press <DOWN> to highlight the 'CONFIGURATION' option. XYSee requires the services of several disk files simultaneously. Your computer provides this capability when it encounters a "FILES=20" statement in your system configuration file "CONFIG.SYS". If requested, XYSee will automatically include the statement for you. Press <ENTER> to select the 'CONFIGURATION' module. XYSee first determines if your system already has a "CONFIG.SYS" file, and if so, whether the statement is present. The first 'SYSTEM CONFIGURATION' window reports your system's current status. If desired, you may elect to have XYSee roceed with the installation, or <Q>uit if no changes are necessary. Should you desire additional information on this procedure, merely select <H>elp at the prompt. If you install the statement, be sure to "BOOT" or "RESET" (Ctrl + Alt + Del) your computer prior to continuing. Page 6 Press <Q>uit to prohibit changes to your system. Press <DOWN> and <ENTER> to select the 'XYSee REGISTRATION' module. XYSee Registration: The continued development and distribution of XYSee and it's MACRO, Import, and Puzzle files is supported entirely through user registration. Present commercial conditions have prevented established companies from developing and marketing upper-level education programs like XYSee. Without the active financial participation of users, Shareware programs such as XYSee will also perish. Note: Your registration helps support distribution of XYSee at minimum cost to educational institutions. Press <SPACE> to continue in the 'XYSee REGISTRATION' module. While in this module, you may print out a convenient form to facilitate registration of your copy of XYSee. Press <SPACE> to view the "XYSee LIMITED LICENSE" screen. Press <SPACE> to exit the 'XYSee REGISTRATION' module. Press <ESCape> to exit the 'XYSee SETUP' module. XYSee will prepare a special file on your program diskette containing your new settings, and will automatically use them as defaults during future sessions. By now you have used almost all of the important keys you will need to know as you continue within XYSee. Should it become necessary, you can also review these key assignments by accessing any of the menu 'HELP' screens. Ready To Go On? 'MAIN MENU' Screen: This screen is the gateway to the rest of the program. From here you can select mathematic functions to plot and designs to display, as well as edit and execute powerful procedures like MACROS. The 'MAIN MENU' screen is primarily made up of five sub-windows: The Plot "OPTIONS" window on the left. The "VALUES" window on the right. The "FUNCTION" and "COMMENTS" windows on the bottom. The "XYSee DRAWING AREA" window in the center. You will become more familiar with this screen format as we proceed. Page 7 Press <UP> or <DOWN> several times to highlight other options. Press <LEFT> or <RIGHT>, to highlight other menus and options. Go ahead and practice a bit. Notice how the selection bar wraps around the end of it's range just as it did in the 'XYSee SETUP' window. Press <ARROW> and <ENTER> to select the 'MENU HELP' module. As you can see by the diagram, XYSee's menu system is multi-leveled. You move from one level to another by way of the <ARROW>, <ENTER>, and <ESCape> keys. All the menu 'HELP' screens have similar diagrams to assist you in determining how to get from place to place. Press <SPACE> to exit the MENU HELP' module. One Dimensional Point Math Module: Now that we know how the menu system works, let's try a math function module! Press <RIGHT> and <ENTER> to select the 'GEOMETRIC MENU'. All of the lower level menu screens look exactly like this with the exception of displaying their own set of appropriate functions. We are now at the point where we can actually select a function to manipulate. Let's go with an easy one first..the ONE DIMENSIONAL point. Press <RIGHT> and <ENTER> to select the '1D POINT' module. As you can see, this single dimension display is patterned after the normal number line with positive (+X) values to the right, and negative (-X) values to the left of the origin. Let's go over some of the other changes. First, we finally have some values in the "VALUES" window on the right. In addition, the "OPTIONS" window has completely changed its contents as has the "FUNCTION" window which now displays the 'FORMULA' for our '1D POINT'. Along with the appropriate formula, a variable is in a position to be updated. If you were quick, you also might have noticed the small sub-window blink on the right. Should our selections of values exceed the limits of the number line, XYSee will automatically calculate a new scale factor for the plot. Page 8 Numeric Value Entry: As the comment window states, we can select a new value for the variable "A"; or simply by pressing <ENTER> accept the +7.5 that is currently assigned. After we enter our selections for both "A" and "B", XYSee will plot the results for us. As you enter the following values, watch the screen carefully. Several things will be happening in quick succession, and I will try to point them out to you. First, go ahead and accept the current +7.5 value for "A" by pressing <ENTER>. You might have noticed the "A" 'VALUES' display blink as it was updated. Next, change the value for "B" to -7.5 watching carefully as you enter each part of the value... XYSee monitors each key press you make, trying to figure out what you want. When it thinks it knows for sure, it will move to complete the entry for you. XYSee knows all the rules of the game, as well as the limits for each value. It knows, for example, that SYSTEM LIMITS for variables are set to +/-99, and that only one decimal place is allowed and then only if the value is less than +10 and greater than -10. Don't be intimidated by this, XYSee only wants to help us keep our plots under control. As you entered your key presses, the following sequence was taking place: Your first key, the "-", told XYSee that you didn't want the currently assigned default value, so it cleared the value and displayed your "-". Your second key, the "7", was no help to XYSee, so it just displayed it. Your third key, the decimal point ("."), was more helpful. Now XYSee can figure out what you are doing and set itself up to assist you. It knows to expect another number key (or <ESCape> if you don't like your values) and will not allow other keys to be accepted..except for one, <ENTER>. If during entry of a numeric value, you press <ENTER>, XYSee will assume you are through and will complete the rest of your value, adding any appropriate decimal point or zeroes. Your last key, the "5", was all that XYSee needed, so it provided the <ENTER>. Since you now have values for all the required variables, XYSee goes to work. The "B" 'VALUES' display gets updated, the plot scale factor message blinks, and the plotted point moves to the "X=0" origin as expected. Page 9 First Waiting Point: After completing each plot, XYSee moves to it's first waiting position. The "COMMENT" window then displays key assignments that are currently active. Let's exit to the 'MAIN MENU' for now. We'll get more practice with other functions later.. Press <ESCape> to exit the '1D POINT' module. Press <ESCape> to exit the 'GEOMETRIC MENU'. Page 10 The '1D POINT' plot window is special. The 'QUADRATIC EQUATION' module is the only other math function that uses a similar display. Press <RIGHT> and <ENTER> to select the 'GEOMETRIC MENU'. Press <RIGHT> twice then <ENTER> to select the '2D POINT' module. The '2D POINT' display is used so much that we better take just a second and go over some of its features. Main Plot Display: First, notice the set of rulers for the "X" and "Y" axis. These rulers define the two dimensions in which we will be plotting while we are in this module. The range of this particular set of rulers is +/- 10. Different functions may have different ranges so be sure to check them as you plot. You'll also notice that "X=0" and "Y=0" points are defined by vertical and horizontal axis lines. Using the rulers, you can see that the currently displayed point is located at "X=4" and "Y=-5" or (4,-5) for short. The numeric values that determined this location are shown in the "VALUES" window. Just as in the '1D Point' example, these are the default assignments that are used to give you a consistent starting place from which to base your investigations. XYSee automatically plugged these values into the equation shown in the "FUNCTION" window. The scale of our plot indicates our default assignments were small enough not to need any additional adjusting. Entering large values will result in our plot being scaled by "X10" or greater as necessary. Let's enter our own values and see what "PLOT OPTIONS" will then be available to us. ENTER the following values: 1.0 for "A" (XYSee provides the <ENTER>). 0 for "X" (you must provide the <ENTER>) 5.0 for "B". These values define a "X" location of 0, and a "Y" location of 5, i.e. (0,5) which is just where our point is. Since we are now at the waiting point, we can make our next selection from the key assignment list in the "FUNCTION" window at the bottom of our screen. PLOT OPTIONS menu: Press <ARROW> to highlight the 'CURSOR' option. When you are at the first waiting point, all arrow keys lead to the 'CURSOR' plot option. Page 11 'CURSOR' Plot Option: Press <ENTER> to select the 'CURSOR' module. Use <LEFT>, <RIGHT>, <UP>, or <DOWN> to align the cross- hairs with points of interest on your plot. Go ahead and practice a bit. Press <ESCape> to exit the 'CURSOR' module. 'OVERLAY' Plot Option: Press <DOWN> to highlight the 'OVERLAY PLOTS' Menu. The 'OVERLAY PLOTS' Menu has two options: 'STORE' and 'RETRIEVE'. We haven't stored anything yet, but just for fun, let's try the 'RETRIEVE' option. 'RETRIEVE' Plot Option: Press <LEFT> and <ENTER> to select the 'RETRIEVE' module. The WARNING! message is XYSee's way of informing us of an error condition. This time let's 'STORE' the point we just plotted. 'STORE' Plot Option: Press <RIGHT> and <ENTER> to select the 'STORE' module. Even though it appears that nothing happened, we have successfully stored our plot and can 'RETRIEVE' it later. 'STATISTICS' Plot Option: Press <DOWN> and <ENTER> to select the 'STATISTICS' module. The number and kind of statistics available varies from function to function. The '2D POINT' function we are plotting has three statistics available: both "X" and "Y" offsets, and a location determination aid called "X-Y offset". Functions can have up to seven statistics, so the 'STATISTICS' window will expand or contract accordingly. You may move the 'STATISTICS' window around your plot with the <ARROW> keys. Press <ESCape> to exit the 'STATISTICS' module. Page 12 'ENHANCE PLOT' Plot Option: Press <DOWN> and <ENTER> to select the 'ENHANCE PLOT' module. The inversion you are seeing is a technique used to more readily identify plot features that might blend into a background. The 'ENHANCE PLOT' option is a ON/OFF toggle like the 'SOUND' Setup we did earlier. Press <ENTER> to turn the 'ENHANCE PLOT' option OFF. 'PRINT PLOT' Plot Option: Press <DOWN> and <ENTER> to select the 'PRINT PLOT' module. The 'PRINT PLOT' selection allows you to make a copy of your work on a printer. Both GRAPHIC and NON-GRAPHIC printers are supported. We won't copy our current plot as it can take several minutes to complete a printout. Press <ESCape> to cancel the 'PRINT PLOT' sequence. 'PLOT HELP' Plot Option: Press <DOWN> and <ENTER> to select the 'PLOT HELP' module. Two types of HELP are normally provided at this level. First, each current variable is listed along with a short explanation of it's effect. Second, EXAMPLE VALUES are listed along with the plots they define. Our values of (1,0,5) define a point on the "X=0" axis just as expected. Press <SPACE> to exit the 'PLOT HELP' module. EXITING Plot Options: There is a number of ways to get to the Plot Options exit point. From where we are, we can press <UP> five times; press <DOWN> once to wrap around the menu range; or just press <ESCape>. Let's use the fast way. Press <ESCape> to exit to the top of the 'PLOT OPTIONS' menu. Press <ESCape> to exit from the 'PLOT OPTIONS' menu. Page 13 Second Waiting Point: Whenever we leave the "PLOT OPTIONS" window, we automatically enter the second waiting position. From here, we may either exit the '2D POINT' module by pressing <ESCape>, or continue to create new plots by pressing <SPACE>. Let's plot another point, but this time we will go a little faster since we are now familiar with the procedure. Plot a second point: Press <SPACE> to plot another point. Press "0" and <ENTER> for the "A" value. Press "5" and <ENTER> for the "X" value. Press "0" and <ENTER> for the "B" value. The values define a point on the "Y=0" axis at "X=+5". Press <DOWN> twice to select the 'OVERLAY PLOTS' module. Press <LEFT> and <ENTER> to select the 'RETRIEVE' module. We now have our new point overlaying the one we previously 'SAVED' for comparison. Since overlaying plots may mix scales, XYSee automatically switches to a "UNIT SCALE" for the plot window during overlaying. Press <DOWN> twice and <ENTER> to select the 'ENHANCE PLOT' module. Press <UP> and <ENTER> to select the 'STATISTICS' module. Notice that the STATISTICS window is essentially where we left it the last time. As long as you remain within a particular function module, you won't have to continually move the 'STATISTICS' window out of the way each time you plot. XYSee calculates statistics only for your latest plot. If we overlay components of several previous plots, keeping track of each set of statistics could become extremely confusing! Press: <ESCape> to exit the 'STATISTICS' window. <DOWN> and <ENTER> to select 'ENHANCE PLOT' module. <ESCape> up to the 'CURSOR'/EXIT point. <ESCape> out of the "PLOT OPTIONS" window. <ESCape> out of '2D POINT'. <ESCape> out of the 'GEOMETRIC MENU'. Whew!... Let's take a break! Page 14 Ready to continue? Press <ARROW> and <ENTER> to select the 'PUZZLE MENU'. From the 'PUZZLE MENU' you can select Puzzles to be solved with the 'START PUZZLE' selection, obtain a status 'PUZZLE REPORT' on your progress, save your current puzzles status for later re-activation with 'SAVE PUZZLE', obtain 'MENU HELP', and return to the 'MAIN MENU'. This screen also provides access to other menus and selections as we shall see. The 'PUZZLE MENU' screen also controls the same five sub-windows with which we are already familiar. 'START PUZZLE' Menu Option: Press <ARROW> to highlight the 'START PUZZLE' option. The first step in solving a puzzle is to activate one by selecting 'START PUZZLE'. You may select either the 'DISK FILE' or the 'KEYBOARD' as the source for your puzzle. For our demonstration, we will load and activate one of the practice puzzles provided on the XYSee program diskette. Puzzle File Directory: Press the default <ENTER> or <RIGHT> and <ENTER> to obtain a directory of all Puzzle Files on your diskette. '2D POINT' Puzzle Selection. At the filename prompt, type "TWO-D" and <SPACE> to select the Puzzle File. After reading and analyzing the data from the file, XYSee will plot the point on the display. Everything is then ready for us to proceed with our solution attempt. Press <RIGHT> and <ENTER> to select the 'GEOMETRIC MENU'. We are now ready to select our function to solve. Press <RIGHT> and <ENTER> to select the '2D POINT' module. As we enter the module, the function we are attempting to solve blinks so that it can be identified among other forms that may be present. Go ahead and enter some random values so that XYSee will advance to the First Waiting Point. 'CURSOR' Plot Option: Press <ARROW> to highlight the 'CURSOR' Plot Option. Page 15 The 'CURSOR' Plot Option works just like it did before, so we will ignore it for now. 'ZOOM SCALE' Plot Option: Press <DOWN> to highlight the 'ZOOM SCALE' Plot Option. It is possible within the numeric limits of XYSee to plot functions partially or entirely outside the range of the display. In attempting to identify these "hidden" functions, you may toggle the display scale between the normal +/-10 range and +/-100 or +/-1000. Once identified, functions may be solved in the usual manner. Let's take a quick look at the 'ZOOM SCALE' module. Press <ENTER> to set the 'ZOOM SCALE' to +/-100. Notice that the plotted point seems to have moved toward the center of the display, just as we would expect with our scale change. Press <ENTER> twice to reset the 'ZOOM SCALE' to +/-10. 'ENHANCE PLOT' Plot Option: 'PRINT PUZZLE' Plot Option: The 'ENHANCE PLOT' and 'PRINT PUZZLE' Plot Options work just like before, so we will ignore them also. 'PUZZLE HELP' Plot Option: Press <DOWN> three times and <ENTER> to select the 'PUZZLE HELP' module. The 'HELP' module identifies variables that are out of tolerance causing a solution to fail. A failure may be due to a single variable or possibly the inter-relationship of several variables. The 'HELP' facility allows you to "lock- in" correct values while attempting to "zero-in" on incorrect ones. In establishing standard limits, XYSee can augment each correct value with a pre-defined tolerance. When 'HELP' is active, XYSee compares your input with the "standard" limits. If an input exceeds the limit, the corresponding variable is highlighted in the values display. It is important to note however, that the 'HELP' facility merely leads you to one "unique" solution within the entire solution set for the function. Just as there are numerous solutions for any algebraic equation, it is possible, and entirely reasonable, to successfully complete the solution for a function with any one variable, or indeed all variables, exceeding the tolerance limits. Page 16 Press <ESCape> to jump to the top of the 'PLOT OPTIONS' menu. Press <ESCape> to exit from the 'PLOT OPTIONS' menu. Second Puzzle Waiting Point: Just as before, when XYSee is at the second waiting position, we may either exit the '2D POINT' module by pressing <ESCape>, or continue to solve the puzzle by pressing <SPACE>. Since we just turned the 'PUZZLE HELP' facility ON, let's re-enter our random values and see how it works. Press <SPACE> to continue in the '2D POINT' module. Press <ENTER> three times to accept the previous values. Notice that some or all of the variables are highlighted indicating excessive values. As we normally would continue to refine our input values, the out-of-tolerance indicators would extinguish until a solution was obtained. Press <ESCape> to exit the '2D POINT' module. Press <ESCape> to exit the 'GEOMETRIC MENU'. 'PUZZLE REPORT' Menu Option: Press <DOWN> twice and <ENTER> to select the 'PUZZLE REPORT' module. The REPORT module provides several pieces of information that describe our performance as well as the complexity of each puzzle. You may print a copy of the report if desired. While we're at it, can you explain our miserable score? Press <SPACE> to exit the 'PUZZLE REPORT' module. Press <DOWN>, <LEFT>, and <ENTER> to select the 'KEYBOARD' puzzle file preparation module. Keyboard Puzzle File Preparation: The Keyboard Puzzle File Preparation module is extremely handy when preparing and activating short puzzle files. For this demonstration, let's prepare a quick circular puzzle. Press <3> for a Tolerance value assignment of "0.3". Press <3> again to select the 'Circle' module. Enter a value of "1.0" for the "A" variable. Enter a value of "3.0" for the "B" variable. Enter a value of "5.0" for the "R" variable. Press <ENTER> at the function prompt to activate the Puzzle. A more in-depth explanation of puzzle file preparation may be found in the ADVANCED PROCEDURES section. Page 17 'SAVE PUZZLE' Menu Option: Press <DOWN> three times and <ENTER> to select the 'SAVE PUZZLE' module. The 'SAVE' module will copy our current puzzle status onto the disk where it will remain until we wish to reactivate it. We are now free to continue to solve for the copy which is still in the computer. It is important to note however, that there can be only ONE CURRENT STATUS file on the diskette at a time. Thus the contents of any existing status file will be overwritten with each new 'SAVE PUZZLE' activation. Should you decide to abort the save attempt by pressing <ESCape>, XYSee will reactivate your present puzzle. Press <N>o to abort the 'SAVE PUZZLE' activation. Press <ESCape> to exit the 'PUZZLE MENU'. Final words... This just about completes the "Grand Tour". There's still lots to see and do within XYSee, but for now, you have a good idea of how to: Move around within the menus and modules. Work the various displays. Prepare and solve puzzles. Exit back out. Page 18 XYSee ADVANCED PROCEDURES ========================= XYSee implements advanced Parametric, Composite, Cubic- Spline, and Printer Support modules. PARAMETRIC/COMPOSITE Procedures: The 'PARAMETRIC' and 'COMPOSITE' functional areas are advanced modules designed to display the effects of parameter changes on "systems" of related equations. Each group solves two individual equations simultaneously. In the 'PARAMETRIC' modules, the equations are related through a common parameter such as "T". Changes to this common parameter will be reflected in the individual plots of the separate equations as well as the final plot whose form is derived through a combination of the partial plots. In the 'COMPOSITE' modules, the individual equations are related by their solutions for "Y" at identical values of "X". For example, if your solution at a particular "X" results in a value of "5" for "Y" when using equation #1, and "-5" using equation #2, the resulting combination plot could have a value of "0". The plot for equation #1 would place a point at location (X,5), and equation #2 at (X,-5). The combined plot would have its point placed at (X,0). A second major difference between Composites and Parametrics is that the Parametrics are solved using perpendicular axis, i.e. "Y=f(T)" for one equation and "X=g(T)" for the other. Composite equations however, are usually solved along a common axis. Each of the Parametric and Composite modules has three plots to develop. The first two, equation #1 and equation #2, are called "Partials" since they each reflect a partial solution of the third "combined" plot. Composite equations are not restricted to any arbitrary type. The equation for a line might be combined with one for a curve, or two curves might be combined, etc. XYSee provides examples of each of these standard types. Using the 'PARAMETRIC' and 'COMPOSITE' Procedures: As you complete the normal entry of parameters, XYSee will first complete plots of each partial for you. As the plotting is taking place, the relevant equation will be displayed upon the screen. XYSee will automatically go into an idle mode after plotting the partials to allow you to study each of them prior to progressing to the composite plot. You indicate your desire to continue by pressing <SPACE>. Plots created with the 'PARAMETRIC' and 'COMPOSITE' modules can be very exciting as well as instructional. Interesting examples of both Parametrics and Composites are provided in the Appendices. Page 19 Cubic SPLINE Procedures: The Cubic Spline procedure used by XYSee is an advanced curve-fitting technique characterized by excellent speed of execution. In essence, the Spline procedure accepts manually derived "X" and corresponding "Y" data points, and through interpolation, generates a smooth curve conforming to the trends within your data. The benefit of the Spline solution over other curve-fitting techniques is that the derived curve passes directly through your data instead of producing an "averaged" solution. Spline procedures are not true free- form solutions, as they place some restrictions upon your data. The XYSee 'SPLINE' module has been enhanced with unique procedures designed specifically to overcome some of the more limiting aspects of conventional Spline implementations. For example, most Spline implementations have difficulty manipulating end points. This means that if you feed the procedure six points, it actually will use only four of them to generate the curve. XYSee overcomes this limitation through advanced algorithms designed to retain the value of all your data points. Additionally, conventional Spline systems fail when presented with "X" values in a non- ascending sequence. The normal procedure is for the erroneous point to be rejected, again, reducing the number of points used to develop the curve. XYSee has been "taught" a method of intelligent substitution which in many cases results in complete transparency while attempting to maintain the integrity of your curve. Using the SPLINE procedures: Using the 'SPLINE' system is easy. The actual procedures are the same as for any other XYSee module. The main difference is that you are entering POSITIONAL VALUES, not formula parameters. In order to develop meaningful curves, several data points must be used. The XYSee 'SPLINE' system requires you to enter six sets of "X" and corresponding "Y" values. The values are obtained by manually solving any equation that can be expressed in "Y=X" format. Once you have decided upon an equation, select six values of "X" in some ascending order. Solve the equation using these "X" values to obtain the corresponding "Y" values. After you have defined the six sets of positional values, merely enter them into XYSee in the usual manner. Example sets of data, along with the equations from which they were derived, are listed in the Appendices to assist you in becoming familiar with the 'SPLINE' module. Page 20 XYSee Printer Support: XYSee has built-in support for both GRAPHIC and NON- GRAPHIC printers. Using the PRINTER: All you have to do to print out a plot or puzzle is: 1. Insure that the desired plot/puzzle is on the screen. 2. Enter the 'PLOT OPTIONS MENU' and press <ARROW> to highlight the 'PRINT PLOT/PUZZLE' menu option. 3. Press <ENTER> to select the 'PRINT PLOT/PUZZLE' module. 4. Select an EPSON compatible printing mode. Your printer's manual will help in selecting the best mode for your particular system.. 5. Follow the directions and insure your printer is ON LINE and ready with paper etc., then press <SPACE>. That's all there is to it! XYSee uses the printer for the following additional tasks: Print the XYSee Registration form. Print the Puzzle Solution Status Report. Print MACRO, IMPORT, and PUZZLE File Editor Listings. Page 21 XYSee also implements the MACRO and Free Form Data Import advanced modules. The procedures which follow will help you understand their use. MACRO Procedures: First, let's talk about MACROS in general. MACROS are lists or scripts of commands that emulate key presses. What that means is that on your disk, you can have special files that just contain key presses that XYSee can read and execute..just as if you were pressing the keys yourself. This is a very powerful capability since it saves you from having to repeat sequences over and over as you study some particular subject. If you are an educator, you can set up complete testing systems or routines to cover some particularly challenging subject. MACROS may be prepared with the XYSee language sensitive editor, or with any general purpose text editor such as SideKick, or WordStar (open with a "N" instead of a "D"). Instructions on how to create simple text files can be found in the manuals for these programs. The format required by the MACRO system is straightforward; just see the section on Preparing MACRO Files. For now, we just need to know how to run MACROS. You have probably noticed the prompts for MACROS on all the MENU screens. You may start MACROS from any of these prompts. XYSee will go through your MACRO files and sort out the correct ones for the particular level in which you are working. The procedure for running a MACRO is as easy as running any other module in XYSee with the exception that you have to indicate which of the available MACROS you want to run. Don't worry! XYSee will assist you and, once you have experienced the power of MACROS, you'll want to use them often. Now, let's get started. Executing a MACRO Routine: Press <ARROW> to highlight the 'MAIN MENU'. Press <DOWN> and <ENTER> to obtain a directory of 'MAIN MENU' level MACROS. At the prompt, enter SINE-2X.MAM. Remember, XYSee constantly monitors the keyboard trying to help us do our work, so be prepared for it to take over when it's ready. most of the MACROS that were provided with your program disk will end their sequences right back where they started, but that is not a requirement. As a matter of fact, MACROS are designed to allow you to be as creative as possible, so feel free. You can't break anything. The worst thing that can happen is that your MACRO will take XYSee off into the woods somewhere. If that happens, just go back over the correct key presses to do what you want, and edit your MACRO accordingly. Page 22 Preparing MACRO Files: The format required by the MACRO system is straightforward. There are normally only two pieces of information needed to make up each command line: a STEP DELAY, and a COMMAND. Additionally, an optional non- displayed comment may be added to each command line to explain the usage of the command. The STEP DELAY value can range from 0-9 seconds, and is used to delay the execution of the adjoining command. For example, a STEP DELAY value of "6" will delay the execution of the adjoining command twice as long as if the STEP DELAY were set to "3". Creative use of this facility can produce some very interesting effects. Under normal circumstances, using the STEP DELAY value settings listed below should provide satisfactory results. STEP DELAY VALUE Recommendations: "0"-"1" For moving between menu selections. "0" For <ENTERing> selected modules. "3"-"4" For viewing plots. "7"-"9" For viewing HELP and Information screens. A special MACRO command "NULL" has been provided to allow longer automatic delays. This command does not execute, but just provides an additional STEP DELAY value. You may use as many NULL commands as you need to obtain your desired result. More on specific commands later... STEP DELAY values affect the execution of the adjoining command. The action occurs in the same sequence as it is listed. That is, the delay comes first, followed by the execution of the command. Therefore, if you wanted to display a message on the screen, you might use a sequence like the following: 0 MESSAGE (Display the following on the screen) Count the points within the first quadrant. 9 ESCAPE (Delay, then leave the module) Page 23 The second required item for each command line is, of course, the command itself. COMMANDS follow the STEP DELAY values on the command line. They are primarily designed to emulate key presses. For example, a command of "UP" would provide the same result as if you had pressed the <UP> arrow key. A full listing of the available commands are provided in the Appendices. Command sequences are developed by documenting your key presses as you go through the steps to manually accomplish a desired goal. Once the steps have been listed, you merely use the XYSee editor to prepare a file containing the commands. Don't be overly concerned with this procedure. I'm sure you will find it significantly easier than writing a letter with a common word processor. Should your MACRO sequence somehow go astray, XYSee will let you know, and turn off the remainder of the MACRO so as to limit any damage to your plot. If XYSee is a little slow in understanding what's going on, you may press <ESCape> to terminate the MACRO sequence. If you're not quite sure whether to terminate the MACRO yet or not, and would like to just think about it, press <SPACE> and the MACRO sequence will idle until the next <SPACE>. If an error is found, merely re-edit your TEXT file and try again.. COMMENTS are highly recommended! An optional comment can be added to each command line. As your work becomes more sophisticated (lengthy), remembering exactly where you are in a sequence at any particular moment may become more and more challenging. The liberal use of comments can do much to alleviate this problem. Comments, if used, may extend only to the end of the current command line. If more room is needed, just use a NULL line to extend the comment area. Comments actually come in two flavors, Displayed and Non-displayed. Displayed comments are called MESSAGES by XYSee. A MESSAGE may be displayed on the screen at any time. Messages can draw attention to significant events, important operations, or give directions, and ask questions. There are several enhancements available to help you get the most out of your MESSAGES. Manual "<SPACE>" and automatically generated "WAIT" delays, as well as attention getting sound effects "BEEP", are good examples. The MESSAGE command is actually a two line sequence. The first line is the normal STEP DELAY/COMMAND set that we are now familiar with. It lets XYSee know that the displayed message is coming. The second line is the actual text that you want to have displayed. Page 24 MACRO Filenames: As we have shown, the XYSee menu structure is multi- leveled. To accommodate this system in the most versatile manner, XYSee uses a multi-leveled MACRO structure also. You may write MACROS to execute within just one menu level, or they can be written to span all menu levels. The 'MAIN MENU' screen MACRO selection is primarily used to execute scripts that span several lower level menu functions. The 'GEOMETRIC', 'QUADRATIC', 'TRIGONOMETRIC', And 'ADVANCED MENU' screen MACRO selections are most efficiently used with scripts that exercise functions within one menu level. This is not an absolute requirement; however, as you may exit from a lower level to the main menu level and then re-enter another lower level if you wish. The only absolute requirement is that MACROS must START from within the proper level. XYSee is designed to assist you in keeping large numbers of MACROS separated efficiently. It does this through a unique file extension technique. All MACROS that are designed to execute from the 'MAIN MENU' level are assigned extensions of ".MAM". The first "MA" stands for MACRO, with the last "M" assigning it to the 'MAIN MENU' group. The four lower level file extensions are: ".MAG" for the 'GEOMETRIC MENU' group. ".MAQ" for the 'QUADRATIC MENU' group. ".MAT" for the 'TRIGONOMETRIC MENU' group. ".MAA" for the 'ADVANCED MENU' group. ** WARNING! ** MACRO files that are mis-labeled will malfunction if invoked from an incorrect menu level... All XYSee MACRO commands are listed in the Appendices. You may obtain additional examples of their usage by printing out the MACRO Practice files that have been provided on your XYSee program diskette. Page 25 'IMPORT' Procedures: The 'IMPORT' facility is potentially one of the most interesting modules in XYSee. It is designed to accept up to 100 "X" and corresponding "Y" values from a disk file, automatically determine an appropriate scale for the data, and create a display in either of two available fonts. Just as in the other function modules, basic statistics are calculated for your data. There is essentially no restriction placed upon your data. Remember though that the value of any plot is enhanced by selecting points that amplify important trends without swamping them within large numbers of irrelevant "noise". If this is the case, some manual sorting may help to improve your displays. XYSee can help in the sorting task by providing a graphic representation of your un-filtered (unsorted) data. From this display, you can then select points that you feel are worth including in a second refined or filtered 'IMPORT' file. Having two files like this will allow you to display the effects and benefits, as well as the traps, associated with filtering and smoothing techniques. Executing an 'IMPORT' Routine: Press <ARROW> to highlight the 'MAIN MENU'. Press <LEFT> and <ENTER> to obtain a directory of 'IMPORT' files. XYSee will automatically go out to the disk and collect all the IMPORT routines for us, just as it did in the MACRO example. Let's choose one, and run it. At the prompt, enter "NORMAL.IMP". XYSee will still be monitoring things, so again, be prepared for it to take over when it's ready. As the 'IMPORT' file is being read, XYSee will keep us informed of it's progress with the 'COMMENT' line display of your values. If everything goes well, XYSee will report the fact and then get busy and develop an appropriate plot. There are several special routines that XYSee can use to try to correct any errors it finds in your data, but remember the old rule, "Garbage In, Garbage Out", so take care as you prepare your 'IMPORT' files to help XYSee. The plot you see has been prepared just for the current set of data. The scale is special also and won't necessarily conform to any other 'IMPORT' plot scale, or for that matter, any other module's scale. It's best to not make any assumptions about scales particularly when using the 'OVERLAY' facility. The 'IMPORT' module can be under MACRO control just like any other module, with one exception. The choice of 'IMPORT' file to be used must still be done manually. Page 26 While you are in the 'IMPORT' module, you may use the "PLOT OPTIONS" just as you did in the other modules. There is one more capability that you might have noticed in the key press listings. The 'ALTERNATE PLOT' font is activated by pressing the <ALTernate> and keys at the same time. This facility is very helpful to separate overlaid data sets. If you have a lot of points, plotting one set in each font will help you to identify any inter- relationships. The alternate plot font capability can also be used just to get the best display for a particular data set. If you have a few points, the individual points may be too small to provide the information you want, so switching to the encircled points will help. Conversely, if you have a large number of points, the encircled points will tend to run things together, so selecting the discrete points is the thing to do. You might want to experiment with the different techniques to determine which is best for your data. Preparing 'IMPORT' Files: The format of an 'IMPORT' file is extremely simple. There is only one required item for each line in the file. One "X" or corresponding "Y" numeric value should be entered on each line followed by a space. An optional comment can be included as long as it does not extend past the end of the current line. Each "X" and following "Y" make up a numeric value pair or set, and define the position of a point on the display. For example, entries of 3.0 and -6.5 would place a point at location (3.0,-6.5), and a second point just to its right could be defined by the values 3.1 and -6.5. XYSee is designed to be as versatile as possible with regard to the form of the numeric values. Acceptable formats are as follows: 0.1 -0.1 1 -1 1.2 -1.2 12 -12 12.3 -12.3 ** WARNING! ** Each point you wish to include in an IMPORT file must be defined by BOTH an "X" and a corresponding "Y" value. The values must be on separate lines "X" before "Y", with a SPACE following each. XYSee will analyze your numeric value pairs as they are read into the computer system and will reject sets that do not meet these criteria. Page 27 Example 'IMPORT' File Listing: Filename = TWO-DOT.IMP Syntax = <Numeric Value><Space><Optional Comment> 3.5 Value for X(1). -7 Value for Y(1). 3.9 Value for X(2). 0.0 Value for Y(2). You may obtain additional examples by printing out the 'IMPORT' files that have been provided on your XYSee program diskette. IMPORT Filenames: XYSee is designed to assist you in keeping large numbers of 'IMPORT' files separated just as it does MACROS. The same file extension system is used, but only one extension is necessary. Files with extensions of ".IMP" will be collected and displayed for your selection during execution of a 'IMPORT' routine. PUZZLE Procedures: XYSee's Puzzle module challenges the user to complete the solution of puzzles composed of mathematic functions. Preparing Puzzle Files: Only three types of information are "required" to complete a puzzle file; a TOLERANCE value, Function NAME, and NUMERIC VALUES for any associated variables. In addition, an optional non-displayed COMMENT may be added to each line in the file to explain it's usage. In establishing "standard" limits for variables, XYSee can augment the normal "exact value" solution criteria by adding the pre-defined tolerance value. A single tolerance is active for each solution set, and is saved with the puzzle on diskette. As you become more familiar with a solution set, you may choose to tighten-up the tolerance value, or even eliminate it altogether by setting it to 0.0. TOLERANCE VALUE Recommendations: "0.0"-"0.3" Advanced level users or simple functions. "0.4"-"0.6" Intermediate level users and functions. "0.7"-"0.9" Novice level users or advanced functions. Page 28 The syntax requirement for the tolerance value and all other numerics within a puzzle is the same. Each value must occupy it's own line, contain a prefix of "#", and be followed by at least one space! NUMERIC Examples: #0.1 comment recommended. #2.3 #45 #-0.6 #-7.8 #-90 Sequences of FUNCTIONS with their associated variables follow the tolerance value in the Puzzle file. There is no theoretical limit to the number of functions (pieces) that can make up an individual puzzle; however, there is a practical limit to the complexity of a display. Too many pieces, poorly placed, can make a puzzle overly difficult to solve. A full listing of available functions and associated variables can be found in the "Functional Modules" section of this manual. Puzzle function sequences may be developed by documenting your key presses as you go through the steps to manually solve your desired puzzle. Once the steps have been listed, you merely prepare a puzzle file with the XYSee editor. The required syntax for puzzle functions is even simpler then that required for numerics. Each VALID function name must occupy it's own line, and like the numeric, be followed by at least one space! FUNCTION Examples: LINE comment recommended. Parabola circle SiNe (Upper/Lower case okay.) COMMENTS are highly recommended! As with MACROs and 'IMPORT' data files, an optional comment can be added to each line in your file. Please remember however, that comments, may extend only to the end of the current line. Page 29 PUZZLE Filenames: XYSee assists in managing large numbers of Puzzle files through the usual unique file extension technique. All Puzzle files are assigned extensions of ".PZL". If you are preparing your Puzzle files with a general purpose text editor, you will have to explicitly assign this extension. If however, you are using the XYSee editor, it will assign the extension for you automatically. ** WARNING! ** Puzzle files that are mis-labeled will not be able to be selected for use by XYSee. You may obtain further examples of function and numeric variable usage by printing out the practice Puzzle files that have been provided on your XYSee program diskette. In addition, the required syntax is diagrammed in the Appendices. Page 30 Editor BASIC MENU STRUCTURE =========================== = START Editor = | | |------------ Edit Procedures HELP | +-----------------> Define Edit File Type | (MACRO/Import/Puzzle) | | | | +--------+ | | | | | Define MACRO Level | | (M/G/Q/T/A) | | | | | +------------> | | | | Display Directory | | | | | Obtain Edit File | | | |--------------- Edit Command HELP | | | | | +--------| | | | | | +-------------> Main Edit Screen | Syntax HELP | | | | | | | | +--------| | | | | | | | | <----------+-- Application HELP | | | | +---- (error) --- Check Syntax | | | | | | | | Save Changes | | | | | | | +--(yes)-- Continue Editing This File | | | | +--------(yes)-------- Edit a New File | | = END Editor = Page 31 XYSee Language Sensitive EDITOR =============================== Edit File specification: The XYSee Editor is designed to Create, Change, and Validate MACRO, Import, and Puzzle files. These files may not all be found on the same disk. To enable the editor to do it's job, we must insure that the appropriate files are accessible to the program. This is easily accomplished by identifying the disk drive containing your data in the SETUP module at the beginning of XYSee. Beginning the XYSee Editor tour: Access to the editor is accomplished by selecting the 'FILE EDITOR' module from the 'MAIN MENU'. Press <ARROW> and <ENTER> to select the 'FILE EDITOR' module. Main Edit Screen: The first screen you will encounter upon entering the editor is the "Main Edit Screen". This is where you will begin to define the type, and if necessary, the level of file you wish to edit. XYSee Editor HELP: Press <F1> to select the Editor HELP screen. The Editor HELP screen serves as a quick reference for important points concerning program function, operation, and structure. As you can see, the editing process is actually quite simple. We merely have to define our file type, load or create the disk file, complete our editing, save the file, and exit the editor. Press <Space> to exit the Editor HELP screen. NOTE: The next few paragraphs call out keys defining the type of file you wish to edit. DO NOT actually press the indicated keys until you have been instructed to do so! Page 32 Main Edit Screen (continued): We are now ready to begin to define the parameters of our file to the editor. The first parameter is the Edit File Type. The file type is necessary so that the editor may assist you in keeping large numbers of MACRO (multiple levels), Import, and Puzzle files separated efficiently. Only one action is necessary to select an Import or Puzzle file type, you merely press mport or uzzle. Selecting a MACRO file type however, is a two step process. (1) Press <M>ACRO to proceed to the MACRO Level Definition step. (2) Select an appropriate menu level from the following: (a) Press <M>ain Menu Level (b) Press <G>eometric Menu Level (c) Press <Q>uadratic Menu Level (d) Press <T>rigonometric Menu Level (e) Press <A>dvanced Menu Level ** WARNING! ** MACRO files that are mis-labeled will malfunction if invoked from an incorrect menu level within XYSee. Following your key press, the editor will prepare a directory display of all matching files currently on the disk. If you wish to alter a file that is listed, merely enter the filename at the prompt. If however, you want to create a new file, enter the new filename at the prompt and answer <Y>es to the 'Create File?.(Y/N).' request. A couple important comments before we continue. The XYSee editor is language sensitive, which among other things means it will only allow filenames conforming to the special XYSee file extension format to be saved on the disk. This language sensitivity allows the editor to assist you in establishing and maintaining the validity of your files. All files used by XYSee can be prepared using a generic text editor (SideKick) or word processor (WordStar) operating in the ASCII text mode. Use of an editor other than XYSee however, would require manual filename extension assignment and syntax checking. Ready to go on? Page 33 PLEASE BEGIN PRESSING KEYS AS INDICATED IN THE FOLLOWING TEXT! For the purposes of this demonstration, we will select a MACRO file to update. A special 'MAIN MENU' level MACRO possessing the filename "PRACTICE.MAM" has been included on your program disk. Now that you are familiar with the initial steps in defining a file to the editor, go ahead and load the program and we will continue... Editor Command HELP: While actively editing a file, you may access progressive, multi-leveled HELP screens covering editor commands, syntax formats, and application commands. The prompt at the bottom of the screen indicates that this HELP is available at the touch of the F1 Function key. You may press <SPACE> to return to the main edit screen at any time. Please refer to the "HELP Screens" section of this manual for additional information. At this point, the highlighted cursor should be positioned at the first character in the first row of text. As we proceed, we will exercise each Cursor Control, Line, and Utility command implemented by the editor. First the Cursor Control commands. 'CURSOR' Control Keys: The TAB, F2, End, and Home keys allow rapid repositioning of the cursor in relatively large increments as follows. Right 10 spaces..TAB: Press <TAB> three times. The TAB key repositions the cursor 10 spaces to the right on the current line. Successive TABing will not wrap around on the same or subsequent lines. Left/Right on line..F2: Press the <F2> key three times. The F2 key repositions the cursor to the left and right edges of the current line. Page 34 Press <TAB> once to position the cursor to column 10. Bottom of screen..End: Press <End> once. The End key repositions the cursor to the bottom of the currently displayed screen. The column position of the cursor remains unchanged. Top of screen..Home: Press <Home> once. The Home key repositions the cursor to the top of the currently displayed screen. The column position of the cursor remains unchanged. The Down, Right, Up, and Left arrow keys reposition the cursor in smaller increments as follows. Cursor down..Down-arrow: Press <Down-arrow> two times. Cursor right..Right-arrow: Press <Right-arrow> two times. Cursor up..Up-arrow: Press <Up-arrow> two times. Cursor left..Left-arrow: Press <Left-arrow> two times. The Del, Ins, and Backspace/Delete keys allow the removal, or addition of individual characters as follows. Delete character..Del: Press <ARROW> to place the cursor well into a line of text. Press the <Del> key three times. Notice that the characters under the cursor have been removed as well as the space they occupied in the text. Page 35 Insert character..Ins: Press the <Ins> key three times. We have recovered the space needed by the characters we just deleted. Replace the characters by pressing the appropriate keys. Backspace/Delete..Backspace: Press the <Backspace/Delete> key three times. Once again we have deleted the associated characters. Go ahead and replace the deleted characters as before. The PgDn, F4, PgUp, and F3 keys reposition the cursor as follows: Next screen..PgDn: Press the <PgDn> key once. The entire page of text will be replaced with the exception of enough lines to help you maintain orientation within your work. Bottom of file..F4: Press the <F4> key once. The cursor will be repositioned to the bottom of the current file. Append line..RET: Press the <RET>urn key once. As you complete each new line of text, you use this key to provide room for the next one. All the files used by XYSee are line oriented, therefore the editor knows to remain on the current new line until you press RETurn. Previous screen..PgUp: Press <PgUp> key once. The entire page of text will again be replaced with the exception of enough lines to help you maintain orientation within your work. Page 36 Top of file..F3: Press the <F3> key once. The cursor will be repositioned to the top of the current file. The following commands affect whole lines of text at one time. First, lets reposition the cursor so that we may observe their effect. Press <Down-arrow> four times. Insert line..F7: Press the <F7> key. A blank line will be inserted just ahead of the current line of text. Go ahead and type <Inserted Line> on the new line to identify it as we proceed. Delete line..F8: Be sure the cursor is on the new line. Press the <F8> key to delete the line. Restore line..F10: Were we to have deleted the line accidentally, we could restore it by pressing the F10 key. Press the <F10> key. This key is also handy for moving an entire line from one position in the text to another. One thing to note however is that only one restore is allowed for each delete. Copy line from..F5: {Cut} Press the <F5> key. This key will "Cut" a copy of our restored line. You'll notice that the original line was not deleted as it was in the previous step. Let's reposition the cursor before we proceed. Press the <Down-arrow> key three times. Page 37 Copy line to..F6: {Paste} Press the <F6> key. This key will "Paste" a copy of the saved line into the text just ahead of our current position. Once a line has been "Cut", you may reposition the cursor and "Paste" as many copies as you desire. This duplication feature is particularly useful when preparing MACRO files containing numerous cursor key emulation commands. Print edit file..F9: The Print File feature produces a permanent record of your work safe from accidental erasure. In addition, You may use your printout to follow your routine as it executes within XYSee. NOTE: If you would like a copy of the "Practice.MAM" file, press the <F9> key and <Y>es when your printer is ready. If not, press <N>o or <ESCape> to abort the procedure. HELP..F1: Press the <F1> key. The editor provides three screens of helpful information covering the functions we are currently reviewing as well as syntax formats and commands of the individual applications. You may either move from screen to screen with the F1 key, or return to the main edit screen by pressing <SPACE>. Press the <SPACE> key. Exit/Syntax check..ESCape: Press the <ESC>ape key. The editor will exit to the syntax check step. Since the file contains "Inserted Lines" from our previous work, and since they don't meet the requirements of the editor, our syntax check fails... Press <SPACE> at the message "Press Key...<ESCape>=Exit, <SPACE>=Show Error". Page 38 The editor is designed to assist you in determining which line is nonstandard following a syntax check failure by automatically placing the cursor at the offending line. This combination of syntax checking and automatic cursor placement provide powerful assistance in maintaining your files. When you're ready to continue, position the cursor at each "Inserted line" in turn, and use the F8 key to delete them. After deleting the nonstandard lines, press the <ESC>ape key and try the syntax check again. Continue the above procedure with any additional nonstandard lines until a successful check is obtained. Saving Changes: A successful syntax check is indicated by the request "Save changes?..(Y/N)". At this point, you may prohibit changes to your original file. If you choose not to save your changes, your original file will remain unchanged. Since we may want to use our original practice file again... Press <N>o. Immediately following a file save, the editor will prepare a backup copy and write it to the disk. You may notice this additional disk access just prior to the keyboard being activated for input. A backup copy allows you to recover your previous work should there be an equipment failure during editing. Continue Editing: As you continue with a lengthy project, it would be wise to complete occasional partial saves as insurance against equipment problems. Alternatively, you may want to insure that each particular section of your work is syntactically correct before continuing on. Regardless of the reason, this step will allow you to go back into the editor and continue with a currently loaded edit file. Press <N>o. Edit a New File: Should you feel particularly productive during a session and wish to edit more than one file, you may elect to do so at this point. If however, you landed here by ESCaping out of the "Obtain Edit File" step, this is your chance to go back and try again. the <ESCape> could have been necessary due to accidentally selecting a Puzzle file when you really wanted a MACRO, etc. Page 39 NOTE: This is your last opportunity to remain within the editor as a <N>o response at this point would return you to the 'MAIN MENU'. Preparing a Practice Edit MACRO: Let's take just a moment and prepare a quick little MACRO to reinforce what we have learned. Press <Y>es to Edit a New File. Press <M> to prepare a MACRO file. Press <M> for a 'MAIN MENU' MACRO. At the Directory Prompt, enter a filename of your choice. Just be sure it does not already exist. Press <Y>es to Create the File. Enter the following data just as illustrated. End each line except the last with a <ENTER> key press as shown. 1 Right <ENTER> 1 Enter <ENTER> 1 Right <ENTER> 1 Enter <ENTER> 1 #-5.0 <ENTER> 1 #-3.0 <ENTER> 1 Up <ENTER> 1 Down <ENTER> 1 Down <ENTER> 0 Enter <ENTER> 3 Escape <ENTER> 1 Escape <ENTER> 1 Escape <ENTER> 1 Escape <ENTER> 1 Escape <ENTER> 1 Stop Press <ESCape> to obtain a syntax check of your work. There should not be a problem. If there is, just press <SPACE> to have XYSee locate it for you. You can correct the problem with the editing keys you just learned. Press <Y>es to save our file. Press <N>o since we are through editing the file. The MACRO we have prepared is short and thus quite easy to follow. Be sure to include comments in your longer "real" scripts to help in locating errors etc. Page 40 You may obtain complete information on preparing additional MACRO, Import, and Puzzle files in the Advanced Procedures section of this manual. Press <N>o to exit the editor and return to the 'MAIN MENU'. Executing the Practice Edit MACRO: Press <DOWN> and <ENTER> to select the 'MACRO SCRIPT' module. Just for fun, let's run our practice MACRO. At the directory prompt, enter the filename of the MACRO and watch while it executes. I hope everything goes well. If not, just load up the editor again and check your sequence of steps. Have fun!... Finishing up: This completes our tour of the XYSee Language Sensitive Editor. Some of the procedures we have covered may require a little practice before you have them down pat, but for now, you have a good idea of how to: 1. Move around within the editor. 2. Interpret the various displays. 3. Reposition the cursor. 4. Create, copy, delete, and restore lines of text. 5. Obtain multi-level HELP. 6. Check the syntax of your work, print, and save it. By the way, after correctly commenting your practice MACRO, it should look something like this... 1 Right Highlight the 'GEOMETRIC' menu. 1 Enter Select the 'GEOMETRIC' menu. 1 Right Highlight the '1D Point' module. 1 Enter Select the '1D Point' module. 1 #-5.0 Enter a value for variable 'A'. 1 #-3.0 Enter a value for variable 'B'. 1 Up Highlight the 'CURSOR' option. 1 Down Highlight the 'OVERLAY PLOTS' option. 1 Down Highlight the 'STATISTICS' option. 0 Enter Select the 'STATISTICS' module. 3 Escape After viewing the 'STATISTICS'..exit. 1 Escape Jump to the top of the 'OPTIONS' menu. 1 Escape Exit the 'OPTIONS' menu. 1 Escape Exit to the 'GEOMETRIC' menu. 1 Escape Exit to the 'MAIN MENU'. 1 Stop Terminate this 'MAIN MENU' level MACRO. Page 41 Editor HELP Screens. ==================== Multi-leveled HELP is available while in the editor. Successive <F1> Key presses, following file designation, will provide access to information screens covering EDIT/APPLICATION COMMANDS, and SYNTAX STRUCTURES. You may return to the Main Edit Screen from within the HELP sequence at any time by pressing <SPACE>. ----------------------------------------------------------- Edit Command HELP screen #1: Edit commands implement XYSee's CURSOR CONTROL, LINE, and UTILITY Functions while in the editor. CURSOR FUNCTIONS Left/Right on line .F2 Cursor up .........Up-arrow Right 10 spaces ...TAB Cursor down .....Down-arrow Top of screen ....Home Cursor left .....Left-arrow Bottom of screen ..End Cursor right ...Right-arrow Previous screen ..PgUp Insert character .......Ins Next screen ......PgDn Delete character .......Del Top of file ........F3 Backspace/Delete .Backspace Bottom of file .....F4 LINE FUNCTIONS UTILITY FUNCTIONS Copy line from .F5 Insert line ...F7 Print edit file .......F9 Copy line to ...F6 Delete line ...F8 HELP ..................F1 Append line ...RET Restore line .F10 Exit/Syntax check .ESCape -------------------------------------------------------------------- Syntax HELP screen #2: Syntax structures define the format of XYSee's Macro, Import, and Puzzle files. FILE SYNTAX: MACRO: (Line 1) <Delay><Space><Command><Space>{Comment} (Line 1) <Delay><Space><"Message"><Space>{Comment} {Line 2) <Message text> IMPORT: (Line 1) <Numeric value><Space>{Comment} PUZZLE: (Line 1) <Function type><Space>{Comment} (Line 2) <Parameter value #1><Space>{Comment} (Line n) <Parameter value #n)<Space>{Comment} Notation convention: <Required>, {Optional}, "Literal", (Note only) ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Page 42 Application Command HELP screen #3: Application commands implement the various functions of XYSee's Macro, Import, and Puzzle modules. AUTOMATIC COMMANDS MANUAL COMMANDS BEEP ..............Attention Bell ESCape Key .........Abort MACRO ENTER .ENTER/RETURN Key emulation SPACE Key .Pause till SPACE Key ESCAPE ......ESCape Key emulation FORMULA ........Alternate formula SPECIAL COMMANDS MESSAGE ........Display a message 0-9 .Step DELAY Multiplier NULL ..........Non-executing line # ...NUMERIC Value follows OFF-KEY, ON-KEY ..Lock/Unlock Kbd PLOT .........Alternate plot font PUZZLE FUNCTIONS PRINT ...........Activate printer 2D-Point Line SPACE ........Space-Bar emulation Circle Parabola STOP .............Terminate MACRO Ellipse Sine UP, DOWN .....Arrow Key emulation Cosine Tangent LEFT, RIGHT ..Arrow Key emulation Para#1 Para#2 WAIT ........Pause till SPACE Key Comp#1 Comp#2 XYSee APPENDICES ================ Collected here for your use are: 1. A Glossary of terms used in this manual. 2. A full listing of Error Messages, their causes and recommended corrections. 3. A listing of Functional Module specifications. 4. A comprehensive set of Demonstration Values for each function module. 5. A full listing of MACRO Commands with examples. 6. A listing of Puzzle File Syntax with examples. 7. A directory of Practice MACRO, Import, and Puzzle files. 8. A topic Index. Page I-1 The XYSee Glossary ================== A Alternate Plot: A capability, limited to the IMPORT module, that allows custom contrasting of plotted points. ASCII: A system which allows the representation of text without the addition of "special" word processing codes. XYSee can use MACRO, IMPORT, and PUZZLE files prepared with a word processor operating in ASCII Text mode. Asymptotes: A straight line (X=0 or Y=0 axis) which may be approached but never touched by a curve. Axis: The horizontal X and vertical Y base lines on your display. B Backup: Duplication of data or a program to allow recovery following loss or damage to the original. Boot/Reset: To start an operating system on a computer. Once the operating system is running, you can execute programs like XYSee. C CONFIG.SYS: A configuration (CONFIG) system (SYS) file used by DOS to extend the capabilities and services provided to your computer as it executes programs. Command: An instruction given to the computer. Commands may be given from the keyboard or from a MACRO file. Comment window: The area at the bottom of a common XYSee display where helpful notes and error messages are displayed. Composite curve: The combining of two related functions into a third function display. In XYSee, the original functions are called partials of the composite. Cursor: A movable horizontal and vertical axis system which can be used to indicate points of interest on a plot or a movable indicator which defines the working position on your computer screen. XYSee's editor uses a highlighted cursor. Curve fitting: A procedure for defining a smooth curve that conforms to data points. The Cubic Spline procedure provides this capability in XYSee. Page I-2 D Default: The response that XYSee will assume unless a change is specified by the user. DOS: Your Disk Operating System is a collection of procedures which enables your computer to execute programs like XYSee. E ERROR message: A message displayed on the screen which informs the user of an anomalous condition. Consult the ERROR message listing in the Appendices for message specific information. F File: A collection of related information stored on your disk. A file can contain either programs or data. MACROS, IMPORT Files, and PUZZLES are examples of disk files used by XYSee. Foci: A point whose position can define the form of an ellipse, hyperbola, or parabola. It appears as the source or destination of rays. Full Screen: A text editing technique whereby a full screen of displayed text is accessible for alteration. Cursor positioning and editing is unlimited within the current display. Completion of editing is coincident with the saving of the file to disk. Function: A correspondence that assigns to each element x of X a unique element y of Y. NOTE: The term "Function" is used to describe a particular module within the XYSee system, regardless of whether it meets this rigid definition or not. That is to say, the circle is a functional module in XYSee. Functional module: See Function. Function window: The area at the bottom of a common XYSee display that lists menu selections, active keys, or input requirements. H HELP screen: A source of information about functions or tasks available to the user at a given point in the program. Hercules: A high resolution graphics monochrome display standard. Page I-3 I Import File: A collection of X and corresponding Y positional values on a disk. The user derived values will be plotted by XYSee. Installation: An auxiliary function designed to adapt your computers operating environment to the needs of XYSee. L Line Orientation: A text editing technique whereby file creation and alteration is done one line at a time. Text display and cursor positioning are normally restricted to the active line. Completion of editing for each line is typically signified by a carriage return. Lissajous: A fundamental pattern named after the 19th-century French scientist. Useful in displaying relationships between periodic functions. A simple example is the comparison of the frequency ratio of a wave on the X-axis to one on the Y-axis. M MACRO: A collection of commands which when invoked will automatically execute their individual procedures in sequence. Magnetic media: The fragile coating on a diskette which actually holds your data. The openings on a diskette allow access to the media for your computer. NEVER TOUCH MAGNETIC MEDIA! Master Diskette: The original XYSee program diskette which was provided by the manufacturer. This diskette should never be used to actually run XYSee. Use a backup copy. Menu: A list of functions or tasks available to the user at a given point in the program. The user selects the function desired from the menu. Monochrome: A single color display made up of bright text or graphics against a dark background. Portions of a graphics display can be inverted by XYSee using the ENHANCE Plot Option. O Origin: An arbitrary point separating the real number system into positive and negative values with a one-to-one correspondence. Page I-4 Overlay: A procedure which visually places one display over another. The contents of the individual displays are combined. P Parameter values: Values which either totally define a positional value directly (A=X or A=Y) or which adjust its final computed value (A*X or A*Y.) Parametric value: A value which is common between two or more expressions. Altering the parametric value would result in changing all related expressions. Positional values: A combination of X and Y values which represent a position on the two dimensional plane. For example, the set (X,Y) equal to (5,-3), would define a position five units to the right and three units down from the origin. Printer: A device for producing a permanent copy of an XYSee graphic display. The quality of the printout is dependent upon the graphics capabilities of the printer. Prompt: A symbol that appears on the screen indicating the need for a typed response from the user. If a MACRO is active, the response will be provided by the MACRO. R Read: Moving stored data or a program from a disk file into the computer for processing. Retrieve: Recovering a graphic display from a special part of memory where it was "saved" by the OVERLAY system. S Save: Placing a graphic display into a special part of memory where it will remain unchanged until "retrieved" by the OVERLAY system. Scale factor: A level of adjustment applied to data or a display to insure conformity to system limits. Spline: A procedure which uses given points to mathematically interpolate additional points to resolve a smooth curve. XYSee uses the "Cubic Spline" procedure which limits the mathematics involved to 3rd degree polynomials. Page I-5 Step Delay: A numeric quantity as it relates to time. In a MACRO, a step delay will postpone the execution of a following command. Syntax: A set of grammatical rules used in the implementation of a programming language. Typically, syntax rules define the Commands, their Spacing, and Numeric Representations of the language. XYSee's editor can interpret all the syntactical constructs used in MACRO, Import, and Puzzle files. System limits: A set of maximum and minimum values that define the capabilities of a system. XYSee has system numeric limits of +/-99 with one decimal place accuracy. T Text Editor: A program which manipulates text and possibly graphics in the preparation of program and data files. Text editors characteristically generate ASCII files. V Vertices: The point on an angle around which a side rotates in its path from an initial position to a terminal position, i.e. a corner where the sides meet. W Waiting point: A position or step within XYSee where the program will pause waiting for a response from the user or a MACRO. Word Processor: A program which manipulates text and possibly graphics in the preparation of documents. XYSee can use MACRO, IMPORT, and PUZZLE files prepared with a word processor operating in ASCII Text mode. Write: Moving stored data or a program from the computer into a disk file after processing. Page II-1 XYSee ERROR MESSAGES ==================== This appendix is a compilation of all the error messages used with XYSee in alphabetical order. Included with each error message is an expanded explanation of what caused the error, and possible remedies to the problem. ABORT!..MACRO sequence terminated..Please continue... 1. An <ESCape> key press was detected. This is a user generated action. 2. A Error was discovered in a MACRO File quantity. Edit your MACRO. ERROR detected in NUMERIC INPUT #,REPLACED with ZEROS. A value in an Import file failed a numeric test. The sequence of the value is displayed. Edit your Import file. ERROR! UNEVEN NUMBER of values, LAST value REMOVED. The Import file data failed a count test. Edit your Import file. Fatal error: Hercules compatible graphics required to run XYSee. XYSee has not found a compatible graphics capability within your system. Contact your computer dealer. Fatal error: IBM-CGA compatible graphics required to run XYSee. XYSee has not found a compatible graphics capability within your system. Contact your computer dealer. File NOT Found... A MACRO, Import, or Puzzle file was not found when execution was attempted. This error resets automatically. Re-enter a valid filename. File NOT Found...Create File?.(Y/N) The file you have designated was not found on the disk. If you entered the filename incorrectly, merely press <N>o and try again. Press <Y>es if you wish to create the new file. Incorrect_SEQUENCE! . . . Select another file. A Tolerance value was not found at the beginning of the Puzzle file. Edit the Puzzle file, or select another file. Invalid SETUP file DATA..defaults active. The file "SETSEE.DTA" is contaminated. Re-copy from the Master Diskette. Page II-2 Incorrect SETUP file VERSION..defaults active. The file "SETSEE.DTA" is from another version of XYSee. A Hercules/CGA version mix has occurred. Re-copy from the Master Diskette. MACRO file COMMAND quantity contaminated. COMMAND/S. A Command failed a validity test. The first letter of the commands within the failed group are listed. Edit your MACRO. MACRO file DELAY quantity contaminated. The delay variable failed a numeric test. Edit your MACRO. No line to RESTORE!..Press key. You have attempted to restore a line without having first deleted one. Not a Triangle. The three positional value pairs representing the vertices of the triangle were found to be in a line. Move one pair out of line. NUMERIC quantity contaminated. Keyboard input value failed numeric test. Select another key. Required DATA FILE NOT FOUND..program terminating. The file "MENUSEE.DTA" was not found. Re-copy from the Master Diskette. Save ABORTED . . . A manual ESCape from saving the "Current Status" was detected. Select "FROM" line first!..Press key. You have attempted to copy a line to a new destination without having first designated which line to copy. (1) Position the cursor at the line you wish to copy and press <F5>. (2) Position the cursor at the new copy position and press <F6>. Select "START" There must be a Puzzle activated before attempting to solve for it's pieces. SEQUENCING error..MACRO terminating. XYSee detected inappropriate requests from a MACRO File. Edit your MACRO. SETUP file NOT FOUND..defaults active. The file "SETSEE.DTA" was not found. Re-copy from the Master Diskette. Page II-3 SORRY! file was found EMPTY.. A selected file had no values in it. Edit your file or select a new one. SORRY!...Incompatible Axis. An attempt was made to overlay two functions from incompatible axis groups, such as 1D_Points and Circles. Only overlays within compatible axis groups are allowed. SORRY! MACRO cannot CALL ITSELF. An attempt to execute a new MACRO from an existing active MACRO was detected. The existing MACRO has been canceled. Edit your MACRO. SORRY! . . . No <Functions> of that type are present. An attempt to solve for a function that was not part of the currently active puzzle was detected. Analyze the display and select another function. SORRY!...NO plot available to overlay. An attempt was made to restore an overlay before one was saved. Save an overlay prior to attempting a restoration. SORRY!... No Statistics available. A request for statistics was detected while in the CONIC module. Relevant statistics can be found in the appropriate module for each conic section. SORRY!... No Triangle Statistics. A request for statistics was detected for a plot that did not meet the structure requirements of a triangle. Move one positional value pair out of line. SORRY!, not enough MEMORY to store overlays. XYSee has detected an insufficient amount of free memory to allow overlay storage. Add memory to your system if this feature is desired. SORRY! . . . Nothing to report, select "START" first. An attempt to obtain a puzzle solution report without having solved for a puzzle was detected. Activate a puzzle. SORRY!... Printer NOT READY..Press key. XYSee has determined that your printer is not responding. Possible causes include being out of paper, not being properly selected ON-LINE, or an equipment failure. Check your printer. Page II-4 Unexpected END OF DATA..program terminating. The file "MENUSEE.DTA" is contaminated. Re-copy from the Master Diskette. UNKNOWN ERROR detected, REPLACED with ZEROS. A error of undetermined source was discovered in a Import file. Edit your Import file. WARNING! . . . Invalid FUNCTION. A function not supported by this version of XYSee was detected in your Puzzle File. Edit the Puzzle File or select another file. WARNING!...MACRO value contaminated. A variable value failed a numeric test. Edit your MACRO. WARNING!..MACRO value EXCEEDS LIMITS. A numeric value greater than +99 or less than -99 was detected in a MACRO. Edit your MACRO. WARNING!..."?" must not be =< "0". WARNING!..."?" must not be < "0". WARNING!..."?" must not be = "0". An attempt was made to set a variable value to less than or equal to zero. This can cause several problems such as: illogical negative lengths, square roots of negative numbers, division by zero, etc. Select an appropriate value. WARNING! . . . No current status to save. A puzzle must be active before a status can be saved. WARNING! "Save-Status" file exists, Replace? (Y/N) This warning merely informs you that a previously saved "Status" file is about to be overwritten. WARNING!...Single or multiple substitutions required to maintain ascending "X" sequence... One or more Spline module "X" values were found to be out of ascending order. Re-enter your data in the correct sequence or if a MACRO is active, edit your MACRO file. WARNING! The syntax check has found an error. You have attempted to exit a session with a syntax error remaining in your current edit file. Possible choices are: (1) Press <ESCape> if you really want to exit with the error. (2) Press any other key to locate the error. Page III-1 XYSee Functional Modules ======================== XYSee functional modules are designed to provide a rich educational environment. Each function has been provided with as much interactive flexibility as is suitable for its form. The following individual explanations cover some of the more important aspects of each module such as the type of input expected, statistics available, and possible error messages. In addition, several of the advanced modules are covered in more detail in other parts of this manual. ================================================================ Functional Module: Import Facility. Puzzle function: NO. Main Formula: User Defined. Alternate Formula: User Defined. Description: Plot values from a disk file. Discussion: The Import module accepts positional value pairs from a disk file and plots them on a two dimensional plane. Up to 100 "X" and corresponding "Y" values may be input. Following any necessary scaling of values, XYSee will: 1. Plot the form in the correct position within the plane. 2. Calculate the Y MAXIMA. 3. Calculate the Y MINIMA. 4. Calculate the FUNCTION MEAN. 5. Calculate the VARIANCE. 6. Calculate the Std. DEVIATION. ** Warning! ** Messages: A warning message will be displayed for the following errors: 1. Incorrect Filename. 2. File found empty. 3. Incorrect numeric format. 4. Uneven number of values. (X without Y, or Y without X) 5. Error of unknown source. {A full set of warning messages may be found in the Appendices.} Page III-2 ================================================================ Functional Module: 1D Point. Puzzle function: NO. Main Formula: X=A+B Alternate Formula: X-(A+B)=0 Description: Plots a point on the number line. Discussion: The One Dimensional Point module accepts two parameter values which define the X axis offset of the point from the origin. Following any necessary scaling of values, XYSee will: 1. Plot the point in the correct position on the number line. 2. Calculate the HORIZONTAL OFFSET. ** Warning! ** Messages: None. ================================================================ Functional Module: 2D Point. Puzzle function: YES. Main Formula: Y=AX+B Alternate Formula: Y-(AX+B)=0 Description: Plots a point on a two dimensional plane. Discussion: The Two Dimensional Point module accepts one positional and two parameter values which are used to define a position on a two dimensional plane. Following any necessary scaling of values, XYSee will: 1. Plot the point at the correct position within the plane. 2. Calculate the HORIZONTAL OFFSET. 3. Calculate the VERTICAL OFFSET. 4. Calculate the DIFFERENCE between the horizontal and vertical offsets. This value is helpful in developing a broader understanding of spatial relationships, i.e. when the X-Y offset is zero, the point lies on a line equidistant from the X and Y zero axis', but it's position along the line is indeterminate. ** Warning! ** Messages: None. Page III-3 ================================================================ Functional Module: Line. Puzzle function: YES. Main Formula: AX+BY+C=0 Alternate Formula: Y=(AX+C)/-B Description: Plots a Line with desired rotation on a two dimensional plane. Discussion: The Line module accepts one positional and three parameter values which define the horizontal and vertical location of points along a line segment. The horizontal limits of the line are defined by the magnitude of the positional value. Following any necessary scaling of values, XYSee will: 1. Plot the line at the correct position within the plane. 2. Calculate the maximum and minimum vertical OFFSETS. 3. Calculate the VERTICAL MEAN of the line. 4. Calculate the SLOPE of the line. 5. Calculate the LENGTH of the line. ** Warning! ** Messages: A warning message will be displayed if an attempt is made to set the "B" variable to zero. This would lead to division by zero. ================================================================ Functional Module: Triangle. Puzzle function: NO. Main Formula: User Defined Vertices. Alternate Formula: User Defined Vertices. Description: Plots a Triangle within a two dimensional plane. Discussion: The Triangle module accepts three sets of positional values defining the three corners of a triangle. If analysis determines that the points define a triangle, XYSee will: 1. Plot the triangle at the correct position within the plane. 2. Calculate the LENGTH of all three sides. 3. Calculate the three ANGLES. 4. Calculate the triangle's TOTAL SIDE LENGTH. ** Warning! ** Messages: A warning will be displayed if the three sets of positional values do not define a triangle. This could be caused by placing all three vertices in a line. Page III-4 ================================================================ Functional Module: Quadratic Equation. Puzzle function: NO. Main Formula: AX^2+BX+C=0 Alternate Formula: X=-B(+/-)Sqrt(B^2-4AC) -------------------- 2A Description: Plot a solution to the Quadratic Equation. Discussion: The Quadratic Equation module accepts three parameter values which define the position of the X axis offset of the roots from the origin. Following any necessary scaling of values, XYSee will: 1. Plot the roots at the correct positions on the number line. 2. Calculate the GREATER ROOT. 3. Calculate the LESSER ROOT. 4. Calculate the ROOT SEPARATION. ** Warning! ** Messages: A warning message will be displayed if the term B^2-4AC resolves to a value less than zero. This would equate to an attempt to take the square root of a negative number, which is undefined. ================================================================ Functional Module: Circle. Puzzle function: YES. Main Formula: (X-A)^2 + (Y-B)^2 = R^2 Alternate Formula: X^2+Y^2=R^2 (A=B=0) Description: Plots a Circle on a two dimensional plane. Discussion: The circle module accepts three parameter values which define the position of the center of a circle on the plane, and it's radius. Following any necessary scaling of values, XYSee will: 1. Plot the circle at the correct position within the plane. 2. Calculate the circle's DIAMETER. 3. Calculate the circle's CIRCUMFERENCE. 4. Calculate the circle's AREA. 5. Calculate the circle's HORIZONTAL OFFSET. 6. Calculate the circle's VERTICAL OFFSET. ** Warning! ** Messages: A warning message will be displayed if an attempt is made to set the "R" variable to a negative value. This would represent a negative radius length which cannot exist. Page III-5 ================================================================ Functional Module: Parabola. Puzzle function: YES. Main Formula: Y=AX^2 + DX+F Alternate Formula: Y=AX^2 (D=F=0) Description: Plots a Parabola on a two dimensional plane. Discussion: The parabola module accepts three parameter values which define the position of the parabola on the plane. Following any necessary scaling of values, XYSee will: 1. Plot the parabola at the correct position within the plane. 2. Calculate the HEIGHT of the left rim. 3. Calculate the HEIGHT of the right rim. 4. Calculate the VERTICAL OFFSET. ** Warning! ** Messages: None. ================================================================ Functional Module: Ellipse. Puzzle function: YES. Main Formula: (X^2/A^2)+(Y^2/B^2)=1 Alternate Formula: X^2+Y^2=1 (A=B=1) Description: Plot a Vertical or Horizontal Ellipse. Discussion: The Ellipse module accepts two parameter values which define the form of an ellipse at the origin. Following any necessary scaling of values, XYSee will: 1. Plot the ellipse at the correct position within the plane. 2. Calculate the MAJOR AXIS. 3. Calculate the MINOR AXIS. 4. Calculate the FOCI. 5. Calculate the ASPECT RATIO. ** Warning! ** Messages: A warning message will be displayed if an attempt is made to set the "A" variable to a value less than or equal to zero. A warning message will be displayed if an attempt is made to set the "B" variable to a value less than zero. Both of these errors represent an invalid length specification. Page III-6 ================================================================ Functional Module: Hyperbola Puzzle function: NO. Main Formula: X^2-Y^2=K^2 Alternate Formula: Y=(+/-)Sqrt(K^2+X^2) Description: Plot a Normal or Inverse Hyperbola. Discussion: The Hyperbola module accepts a single parameter value which defines the form of the function on a two dimensional plane. Following any necessary scaling of values, XYSee will: 1. Plot the hyperbola at the correct position within the plane. 2. Calculate the TRANSVERSE AXIS. ** Warning! ** Messages: A warning message will be displayed if an attempt is made to set the "K" variable to a value less than or equal to zero. This represents an invalid length specification. ================================================================ Functional Module: Conic. Puzzle function: NO. Main Formula: None. Alternate Formula: None. Description: Display the sectioning of Right Circular Cones. Discussion: A set of Right Circular Cones is sectioned to obtain CIRCULAR, ELLIPSOID, PARABOLIC, and HYPERBOLIC cut lines. ** Warning! ** Messages: None. Page III-7 ================================================================ Functional Module: Sine. Puzzle function: YES. Main Formula: Y=A*Sin(BX+C) Alternate Formula: Sin(X)=Tan(X)*Cos(X) Description: Plot the Sine periodic function. Discussion: The Sine module accepts three parameter values which define the form of the function on a two dimensional plane. Following any necessary scaling of values, XYSee will: 1. Plot the Sine curve at the correct position within the plane. 2. Calculate the AMPLITUDE of the wave. 3. Calculate the PHASE SHIFT. 4. Calculate the FREQUENCY. 5. Calculate the PERIOD. ** Warning! ** Messages: None. ================================================================ Functional Module: Cosine. Puzzle function: YES. Main Formula: Y=A*Cos(BX+C) Alternate Formula: Cos(X)=Sin(X)/Tan(X) Description: Plot the Cosine periodic function. Discussion: The Cosine module accepts three parameter values which define the form of the function on a two dimensional plane. Following any necessary scaling of values, XYSee will: 1. Plot the Cosine curve at the correct position within the plane. 2. Calculate the AMPLITUDE of the wave. 3. Calculate the PHASE SHIFT. 4. Calculate the FREQUENCY. 5. Calculate the PERIOD. ** Warning! ** Messages: None. Page III-8 ================================================================ Functional Module: Tangent Puzzle function: YES. Main Formula: Y=A*Tan(BX+C) Alternate Formula: Tan(X)=Sin(X)/Cos(X) Description: Plot the Tangent periodic function. Discussion: The Tangent module accepts three parameter values which define the form of the function on a two dimensional plane. Following any necessary scaling of values, XYSee will: 1. Plot the tangent curve at the correct position within the plane. 2. Calculate the AMPLITUDE of the wave. 3. Calculate the PHASE SHIFT. 4. Calculate the FREQUENCY. 5. Calculate the PERIOD. ** Warning! ** Messages: None. ================================================================ Functional Module: Cosecant Puzzle function: NO. Main Formula: Y=A*Csc(X) Alternate Formula: Csc(X)=1/Sin(X) Description: Plot the Cosecant periodic function. Discussion: The Cosecant module accepts a single parameter value which defines the form of the function on a two dimensional plane. Following any necessary scaling of values, XYSee will: 1. Plot the cosecant curve at the correct position within the plane. 2. Calculate the FREQUENCY. 3. Calculate the PERIOD. ** Warning! ** Messages: None. Page III-9 ================================================================ Functional Module: Secant Puzzle function: NO. Main Formula: Y=A*Sec(X) Alternate Formula: Sec(X)=1/Cos(X) Description: Plot the Secant periodic function. Discussion: The Secant module accepts a single parameter value which defines the form of the function on a two dimensional plane. Following any necessary scaling of values, XYSee will: 1. Plot the secant curve at the correct position within the plane. 2. Calculate the FREQUENCY. 3. Calculate the PERIOD. ** Warning! ** Messages: None. ================================================================ Functional Module: Cotangent Puzzle function: NO. Main Formula: Y=A*Cot(X) Alternate Formula: Cot(X)=Cos(X)/Sin(X) Description: Plot the Cotangent periodic function. Discussion: The Cotangent module accepts a single parameter value which defines the form of the function on a two dimensional plane. Following any necessary scaling of values, XYSee will: 1. Plot the cotangent curve at the correct position within the plane. 2. Calculate the FREQUENCY. 3. Calculate the PERIOD. ** Warning! ** Messages: None. Page III-10 ================================================================ Functional Module: Parametric #1. Puzzle function: YES. Main Formula: Y=A*Sin(B*PI*T) (+) X=C*Cos(D*PI*T) Alternate Formula: None. Description: Plot a Parametric of Sine and Cosine functions. Discussion: The first Parametric module accepts four parameter values which define the forms of three functions. The first two forms are partials with the third being a combined display. Parameter value sets are provided to allow individual manipulation of each partial. Following any necessary scaling of values, XYSee will: 1. Plot the parametric at the correct position within the plane. 2. Calculate the VERTICAL AMPLITUDE of the first partial. 3. Calculate the FREQUENCY of the first partial. 4. Calculate the HORIZONTAL AMPLITUDE of the second partial. 5. Calculate the FREQUENCY of the second partial. ** Warning! ** Messages: None. Page III-11 ================================================================ Functional Module: Parametric #2. Puzzle function: YES. Main Formula: Y=A*Sin((T+PI)/B) (+) X=C*Sin(DT) Alternate Formula: None Description: Plot a Parametric of Sine functions. Discussion: The second Parametric module accepts four parameter values which define the forms of three functions. The first two forms are partials with the third being a combined display. Parameter value sets are provided to allow individual manipulation of each partial. Following any necessary scaling of values, XYSee will: 1. Plot the parametric at the correct position within the plane. 2. Calculate the VERTICAL AMPLITUDE of the first partial. 3. Calculate the FREQUENCY of the first partial. 4. Calculate the HORIZONTAL AMPLITUDE of the second partial. 5. Calculate the FREQUENCY of the second partial. ** Warning! ** Messages: A warning message will be displayed if an attempt is made to set the "B" variable to zero. This would lead to division by zero which is undefined. Page III-12 ================================================================ Functional Module: Composite #1. Puzzle function: YES. Main Formula: Y=AX/B (+) Y=-C*Cos(DX) Alternate Formula: None Description: Plot the Composite of a line and a Cosine function. Discussion: The first Composite module accepts four parameter values which define the forms of three functions. The first two forms are partials with the third being a combined display. Parameter value sets are provided to allow individual manipulation of each partial. Following any necessary scaling of values, XYSee will: 1. Plot the composite at the correct position within the plane. 2. Calculate the VERTICAL AMPLITUDE of the first partial. 3. Calculate the SLOPE of the first partial. 4. Calculate the VERTICAL AMPLITUDE of the second partial. 5. Calculate the FREQUENCY of the second partial. ** Warning! ** Messages: A warning message will be displayed if an attempt is made to set the "B" variable to zero. This would lead to division by zero which is undefined. Page III-13 ================================================================ Functional Module: Composite #2. Puzzle function: YES. Main Formula: Y=A*Cos(BX) (+) Y=C*Sin(DX) Alternate Formula: None Description: Plot the Composite of Cosine and Sine functions. Discussion: The second Composite module accepts four parameter values which define the forms of three functions. The first two forms are partials with the third being a combined display. Parameter value sets are provided to allow individual manipulation of each partial. Following any necessary scaling of values, XYSee will: 1. Plot the composite at the correct position within the plane. 2. Calculate the VERTICAL AMPLITUDE of the first partial. 3. Calculate the FREQUENCY of the first partial. 4. Calculate the VERTICAL AMPLITUDE of the second partial. 5. Calculate the FREQUENCY of the second partial. ** Warning! ** Messages: None. ================================================================ Functional Module: Spline. Puzzle function: NO. Main Formula: User Defined. Alternate Formula: User Defined. Description: Plot smoothed-curve solutions to custom functions. Discussion: The Cubic Spline module accepts six sets of positional values which define points on a user derived curve. Once analysis establishes the validity of the values, a smooth curve is fit to the points. Following any necessary final scaling, XYSee will: 1. Plot the form at the correct position within the plane. 2. Calculate the MAXIMA of the display. 3. Calculate the MINIMA of the display. 4. Calculate the FUNCTION MEAN. 5. Calculate the APPROXIMATE X INTERCEPT. ** Warning! ** Messages: A warning message will be displayed and automatic substitutions will occur if positional value pairs do not represent an ascending order of "X". ================================================================ Page IV-1 XYSee DEMONSTRATION VALUES ========================== FUNCTION VALUES EFFECT ---------------------------------------------------------------- GEOMETRIC MENU LEVEL ******************************************* 1D POINT 7,-2 STANDARD 0, 0 X=0 AXIS 6, 3 MAXIMUM + OFFSET -12, 3 MAXIMUM - OFFSET 2D POINT 1, 5, 0 STANDARD 1, 0, 5 X=0 AXIS 0, 5, 0 Y=0 AXIS 1, 10, 0 MAXIMUM + OFFSET 1,-10, 0 MAXIMUM - OFFSET LINES -2, 3, 1, 4 + SLOPE/- OFFSET -2, 3, 1,-4 + SLOPE/+ OFFSET 0, 3, 1, 0 0 SLOPE/0 OFFSET TRIANGLES 3, 3 3,-3 -3,-3 RIGHT TRIANGLE -4,-3.5 4,-3.5 0, 3.5 EQUILATERAL TRIANGLE QUADRATIC MENU LEVEL ******************************************* QUADRATIC EQUATION 1, 6, 0 ROOTS OF -6 AND 0 -1, 6, 0 ROOTS OF 6 AND 0 1, 0, 0 BOTH ROOTS=0 CIRCLES -5, 0, 4 Y=0 AXIS -5,-5, 4 3rd QUADRANT 0, 0, 5 ORIGIN PARABOLAS 8,-5, 0 PHASE SHIFT -7, 0, 0 POLARITY REVERSAL 3, 0, 0 WIDE 7, 0,-30 NEGATIVE OFFSET ELLIPSES 4, 8 MAJOR AXIS VERTICAL 8, 4 MAJOR AXIS HORIZONTAL 5, 5 TRANSITION INTO CIRCLE 5, 3 FOCI=4.0 HYPERBOLAS 0.5 APPROACHING ASYMPTOTES 5 NORMAL HYPERBOLA 90 TRANSITION INTO LINE Page IV-2 TRIGONOMETRIC MENU LEVEL *************************************** SINE 4, 1, 0 STANDARD WAVE 8, 1, 0 AMPLITUDE CHANGE 5, 5, 0 PERIOD CHANGE 5, 1, 1 57.3 DEG PHASE SHIFT COSINE 4, 1, 0 STANDARD WAVE 8, 1, 0 AMPLITUDE CHANGE 5, 5, 0 PERIOD CHANGE 5, 1,-1.6 91.7 DEG PHASE SHIFT TANGENT 4, 1, 0 STANDARD WAVE 8, 1, 0 AMPLITUDE CHANGE 5, 5, 0 PERIOD CHANGE 5, 1,-1 -57.3 DEG PHASE SHIFT COSECANT 4.0 STANDARD WAVE 20 AMPLITUDE CHANGE -8.0 POLARITY INVERSION SECANTS 4.0 STANDARD WAVE 20 AMPLITUDE CHANGE -8.0 POLARITY INVERSION COTANGENT 4.0 STANDARD WAVE 20 AMPLITUDE CHANGE -8.0 POLARITY INVERSION ADVANCED MENU LEVEL ******************************************** PARAMETRIC #1 6,1.6, 6,1.1 LISSAJOUS 8,2.4, 8,2.4 1:1 RATIO=CIRCLE 8, 2, 8, 4 1:2 FREQUENCY RATIO 4.5, 1, 6, 5 1:5 FREQUENCY RATIO 6, 5, 8, 3 5:3 FREQUENCY RATIO PARAMETRIC #2 9, 3, 3, 1 120 DEG PHASE SHIFT -6,1.6, 2, 3 112 DEG PHASE SHIFT 9, 1, 6, 3 LISSAJOUS VARIATION COMPOSITE #1 -1, 1, 3, 1 SLOPE INVERSION 1, 2, 6, 3 RAMPING COSINE 0, 2, 6, 3 ZERO SLOPE COMPOSITE #2 5, 2, 4, 3 COMPLEX WAVEFORM 6, 1, 3, 3 COMPLEX WAVEFORM 5, 3, 4, 1 COMPLEX WAVEFORM Page IV-3 SPLINE EQUATION: Y=8 Sine(X/2) {SINE WAVE} X= -7.9,-4.7,-1.6,1.6, 4.7,7.9 Y= -8.9, 8.0,-8.0,8.0,-8.0,8.0 EQUATION: Y=X {LINE} X= -9.0,-6.0,-3.0,0.0, 4.5, 9.0 Y= 9.0, 6.0, 3.0,0.0,-4.5,-9.0 EQUATION: Y=(X/3)^2 {PARABOLA} X= -9.0,-5.5,-2.0,2.0,5.5,9.0 Y= 9.0, 3.4, 0.4,0.4,3.4,9.0 Page V-1 XYSee MACRO COMMANDS ==================== MANUAL COMMANDS: ESCape Key = ABORT MACRO Sequence. SPACE Key = PAUSE till next SPACE Key. AUTO COMMANDS: BEEP = Sound Bell for attention etc. ENTER = ENTER/RETURN Key emulation. ESCAPE = ESCape Key emulation. FORMULA = Display ALTERNATE formula. MESSAGE = Display a message. NULL = Non-executing line. OFF-KEY = Inactivate keyboard until ON-KEY. ON-KEY = Reactivate keyboard until OFF-KEY. PLOT = Display ALTERNATE plot font. PRINT = Activate the printer. SPACE = SPACE Bar emulation. STOP = TERMINATE MACRO Sequence. UP, DOWN, LEFT, RIGHT = ARROW Key emulation. WAIT = PAUSE till SPACE Key. SPECIAL COMMANDS: 0-9 = Step DELAY Multiplier. # = NUMERIC Value follows. EXAMPLE FILENAME: PLOTPARA.MAA MACRO FILE SYNTAX: <A><SPACE><SPACE><C> A = 0-9 Step delay multiplier. B = Command. C = Optional step comment. EXAMPLE COMMANDS: 2 RIGHT Move the cursor to the midpoint. 0 #6.5 "X" Value of point location. 5 Null This line just adds a 5 second delay. 1 EnTeR Upper/Lower case okay. Page V-2 EXAMPLE MACRO: 1 Right Go past GEOMETRIC MENU. 1 Right Continue past the QUADRATIC MENU. 1 Right Select the TRIGONOMETRIC MENU. 0 Enter The TRIGONOMETRIC Function area. 0 OFF-Key Turn keyboard off during testing. 1 Right Select the SINE Function. 0 Enter The SINE Module. 2 #3.6 "A" Amplitude variable value. 2 #2 "B" Period/Frequency variable value. 2 #-0.8 Give "C" a -45.8 degree phase shift. 1 Message Display the question. What is the FREQUENCY of the wave? 8 Message Display the time out message below. Time is up, please mark your answer booklet. 2 Escape EXIT out of the SINE Module. 0 Escape EXIT To the MAIN MENU. 0 ON-Key Unlock the keyboard. 1 Beep Get the proctor's attention. 1 Beep One more time. 0 STOP Terminate this MACRO SEQUENCE... {Lines following STOP} {may be used} Filename = SINE-2X.MAM MACRO designed to {for comments} execute from the MAIN MENU LEVEL. Page VI-1 XYSee PUZZLE SYNTAX =================== EXAMPLE FILENAME: C-CIRCLE.PZL PUZZLE FILE SYNTAX: <A><SPACE><C> <D><SPACE><E> A = '#' Numeric (TOLERANCE or Variable) prefix. B = Numeric value. C = Optional step comment. D = Function NAME. E = Optional step comment. EXAMPLE Statements: #0.8 Novice level Tolerance assigned. Circle First Concentric circle. #-1.0 Vertical offset of center. EXAMPLE Puzzle: Plots five forms. #0.2 Use Advanced-level tolerances. {Filename-EXAMPLE.PZL} LiNe Plot a line with a negative polarity slope. #1.3 "A" value-Vertical magnitude multiplier. #4.0 "X" value-Horizontal extent of the line. #1.0 "B" value-Slope polarity variable. #0.0 "C" value-No vertical offset defined. Circle Plot a Circle offset from the origin. #-5.0 "X" value-Horizontal offset of the center of the circle. #0.0 "Y" value-Vertical offset of the center. #4.0 "R" value-Radius of the circle. 2D-POINT Plot a first quadrant Point. #1.0 "A" value-Vertical magnitude multiplier. #5.0 "X" value-Horizontal offset. #1.0 "B" value-Vertical offset. PARA#1 Plot a Parametric with the following variable values: #8.0 "A" value-Vartical magnitude of Partial #1. #2.0 "B" value-Frequency of Partial #1 set to two Hertz. #8.0 "C" value-Same vertical magnitude as Partial #1. #4.0 "D" value-Frequency of Partial #2 is double that of Partial #1. SINE Plot a Sine Wave with the following variable values: #9.0 "A" value-Vertical magnitude multiplier. #1.0 "B" value-Frequency of wave is set to one Hertz. #0.0 "C" value-There is no phase shift defined. Page VII-1 MACRO/IMPORT/PUZZLE Practice Files ================================== These files may be found on the XYSee Main Program and Documentation Disks. If you are using a single disk drive system, you may want to delete the large XY-DEMO.MAM file to make room for these files on the Main Program Disk. XYSee MACRO FILES: MAIN MENU Level MACRO Files: ANGLE.MAM IMPRT.MAM * PRACTICE.MAM * SINE-2X.MAM SINETEST.MAM * XY-DEMO.MAM GEOMETRIC MENU Level MACRO Files: EQUILAT.MAG PARALLEL.MAG POINT1.MAG POINT2.MAG QUADRATIC MENU Level MACRO Files: C-CIRCLE.MAQ CONIC.MAQ ELLIPSE.MAQ HYPERBOL.MAQ PARABOLA.MAQ ROOTS.MAQ TRIGONOMETRIC MENU Level MACRO Files: COSAMP.MAT COSECPOL.MAT COTAMP.MAT SECAMP.MAT SINEPHASE.MAT TANAMP.MAT ADVANCED MENU Level MACRO Files: COMP1.MAA COMP2.MAA PARA1.MAA PARA2.MAA SPLINE.MAA XYSee IMPORT FILES: DISTORT.IMP * NORMAL.IMP SCATTER.IMP SKEWED.IMP XYSee PUZZLE FILES: ADVEX.PZL ADVPZL1.PZL ADVPZL2.PZL BASPZL1.PZL BASPZL2.PZ BASPZL3.PZL * EXAMPLE.PZL GEOMEX.PZL INTPZL1.PZL INTPZL2.PZL * PRACTICE.PZL QUADEX.PZL TRIGEX.PZL * TWO-D.PZL TWOLINE.PZL * = Files located on the XYSee Main Program Disk. Page VIII-1 XYSee INDEX =========== ADVANCED PROCEDURES (XYSee) 18 Append line..RET 35 Application Command HELP screen #3 42 Backing Up Your Diskettes 2 Backspace/Delete..Backspace 35 BASIC MENU STRUCTURE (Editor) 30 BASIC MENU STRUCTURE (XYSee) 1 Before We Start 3 Beginning the XYSee Editor Tour 31 Bottom of file..F4 35 Bottom of screen..End 34 Caring For Your Diskettes 2 Circle III-4 Composite #1 III-12 Composite #2 III-13 Conic III-6 Cosecant III-8 Cosine III-7 Cotangent III-9 Continue Editing 38 Conventions 3 Copy line from..F5 {Cut} 36 Copy line to..F6 {Paste} 37 Cubic SPLINE Procedures 19 CURSOR Control HELP 33 Cursor down..Down-arrow 34 Cursor left..Left-arrow 34 CURSOR Plot Option 11,14 Cursor right..Right-arrow 34 Cursor up..Up-arrow 34 Delete character..Del 34 Delete line..F8 36 Demonstration Values IV-1 Edit a New File 38 Edit Command HELP screen #1 41 Edit File Specifications 31 Editor Command HELP 33 Editor HELP (XYSee) 31 Editor HELP Screens 41 Ellipse III-5 ENHANCE PLOT Plot Option 12,15 ERROR Messages II-1 Example IMPORT File Listing 27 Executing A MACRO Routine 21 Executing An IMPORT Routine 25 Executing the Practice Edit MACRO 40 EXITING Plot Options 12 Exit/Syntax check..ESCape 37 Page VIII-2 Final Words 17 Finishing up 40 First Steps 3 First Waiting Point 9 FUNCTION Examples 28 FUNCTIONAL MODULES III-1 Glossary I-1 Grand Tour 4 HELP..F1 37 Hyperbola III-6 Import Facility III-1 IMPORT Filenames 27 IMPORT Procedures 25 Important Keys 4 Index VIII-1 Insert character..Ins 35 Insert line..F7 36 Keyboard Puzzle File Preparation 16 LANGUAGE SENSITIVE EDITOR (XYSee) 31 Left/Right on line..F2 33 Line III-3 MACRO Commands V-1 MACRO Filenames 24 MACRO/IMPORT/PUZZLE Practice Files VII-1 MACRO Procedures 21 Main Edit Screen 31,32 MAIN MENU Screen 6 Main Plot Display 10 Next screen..PgDn 35 NUMERIC Examples 28 Numeric Value Entry 8 One Dimensional Point Math Module 7 OVERLAY Plot Option 11 Parabola III-5 PARAMETRIC/COMPOSITE Procedures 18 Parametric #1 III-10 Parametric #2 III-11 Plot a Second Point 13 Plot HELP Plot Option 12 PLOT OPTIONS Menu 10 Preparing a Practice Edit MACRO 39 Preparing IMPORT Files 26 Preparing MACRO Files 22 Preparing PUZZLE Files 27 Previous screen..PgUp 35 Print edit file..F9 37 PRINT PLOT Plot Option 12 PRINT PUZZLE Plot Option 15 Printer Support (XYSee) 20 Program Disk (XYSee) 2 Puzzle File Directory 14 Page VIII-3 PUZZLE Filenames 29 PUZZLE HELP Plot Option 15 PUZZLE Procedures 27 PUZZLE REPORT Menu Option 16 PUZZLE Syntax VI-1 Quadratic Equation III-4 Registration (XYSee) 6 Restore line..F10 36 RETRIEVE Plot Option 11 Right 10 spaces..TAB 33 SAMPLE SESSION (XYSee) 2 SAVE PUZZLE Menu Option 17 Saving Changes 38 Secant III-9 Second Puzzle Waiting Point 16 Second Waiting Point 13 Sine III-7 Spline III-13 START PUZZLE Menu Option 14 STATISTICS Plot Option 11 STEP DELAY Value Recommendations 22 STORE Plot Option 11 Syntax HELP screen #2 41 Tangent III-8 TOLERANCE VALUE Recommendations 27 Top of file..F3 36 Top of screen..Home 34 Triangle III-3 Using the Para./Comp. Procedures 18 Using The Printer 20 Using the SPLINE Procedures 19 ZOOM SCALE Plot Option 15 1D Point III-2 2D Point III-2 2D POINT Puzzle Selection 14 0 Null 1 1 Right 2 ** Main Menu level MACRO.."Practice.MAM" ** 0 Null 3 1 Right 4 This MACRO is designed to be used with the XYSee Editor. 1 Right 5 It's purpose is to provide practice in the use of cursor 0 Enter 6 positioning commands and Syntax checking. 0 Null 7 1 Right 8 During the "Guided Tour" portion of your manual, you will 0 Enter 9 insert lines that will cause the syntax check step to fail. 2 #3.6 10 The "Inserted Lines" will be subsequently removed 2 #2 11 allowing the final syntax check to pass. 0 Null 12 1 #-0.8 13 The following statements will be displayed within XYSee 0 Null 14 if this MACRO is inadvertantly executed. 1 Message 15 This practice MACRO is for use with the Editor only... 5 Message 16 Display the statement It is not functional within XYSee..Press ESCape. 0 Beep 17 Just a reminder to press ESCape. 5 Null 18 The comment sections of the following statements may be 1 Escape 19 changed as you see fit. 0 Escape 20 1 Beep 21 ** Dummy MACRO Command Section ** 1 Right 22 1 Right 23 Select the TRIG MENU. 0 Enter 24 The TRIGONOMETRIC Function area. 1 Right 25 Select the SINE Function. 0 Enter 26 The SINE Module. 2 #3.6 27 "A" Amplitude variable value. 2 #2 28 "B" Period/Frequency variable value. 2 #-0.8 29 Give "C" a -45.8 degree phase shift. 1 Escape 30 EXIT out of the SINE Module. 0 Escape 31 EXIT To the MAIN MENU. 1 Beep 32 Get the proctor's attention. 1 Right 33 Continue past the QUADRATIC MENU. 1 Right 34 Select the TRIG MENU. 0 Enter 35 The TRIGONOMETRIC Function area. 1 Right 36 Select the SINE Function. 0 Enter 37 The SINE Module. 2 #3.6 38 "A" Amplitude variable value. 2 #2 39 "B" Period/Frequency variable value. 2 #-0.8 40 Give "C" a -45.8 degree phase shift. 1 Escape 41 0 Escape 42 ** Termination of "Practice.MAM" ** 0 Stop 43 Copyright (C) 1990, Dean M. Thompson. All rights reserved. Dated: XYSee TROUBLE REPORT ==================== Although significant care has been expended to insure the reliability of XYSee, we would like to know if you experience any problems. Thank-you for your help! Your name:(Please print) Company/Organization: Telephone:(AC & Ext.) NATURE OF PROBLEM: (Example: Scrambled display, Program halted.) MODULE BEING RUN: (Example: Enhance option of Sine module.) ALL INPUT VALUES USED: (Example: A=3, B=2, C=9.0) LAST FEW KEYPRESSES: (Example: 9.0, <ENTER>.) DISPLAYED ERROR CODES: (Example: Error F0, PC=6D3F, Traceback 93FD.) {If display scrambles and program seems to have stopped, place printer on-line and press <SHIFT> and <Prt Sc> simultaneously for printout of ERROR codes prior to re-booting system.} ENVIRONMENT: (Example: Power fluctuation just before error.) ADDITIONAL COMMENTS: Return to: Insight Advantage 4509 YellowLeaf Dr. Fort Worth, TX 76133 XYSee Mathematic Functions in Graphic Form Copyright (C) 1990 Dean M. Thompson All Rights Reserved.