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CONSTITUTION
OF THE
STATE OF WYOMING
PREAMBLE
We, the people of the State of Wyoming, grateful to God for
our civil, political and religious liberties, and desiring
to secure them to ourselves and perpetuate them to our pos-
terity, do ordain and establish this Constitution.
ARTICLE 1
DECLARATION OF RIGHTS
Sec. 1. All power is inherent in the people, and all free govern-
ments are founded on their authority, and instituted for
their peace, safety and happiness; for the advancement of
these ends they have at all times an unalienable right to
alter, reform or abolish the government in such manner as
they may think proper.
Sec. 2. In their inherent right to life, liberty and the pursuit of
happiness, all members of the human race are equal.
Sec. 3. Since equality in the enjoyment of natural and civil rights
is only made sure through political equality, the laws of
this state affecting the political rights and privileges of
its citizens shall be without distinction of race, color,
sex, or any circumstance or condition whatsoever other than
individual incompetency, or unworthiness duly ascertained by
a court of competent jurisdiction.
Sec. 4. The right of the people to be secure in their persons,
houses, papers and effects against unreasonable searches and
seizures shall not be violated, and no warrant shall issue
but upon probable cause, supported by affidavit, particu-
larly describing the place to be searched or the person or
thing to be seized.
Sec. 5. No person shall be imprisoned for debt, except in cases of
fraud.
Sec. 6. No person shall be deprived of life, liberty or property
without due process of law.
Sec. 7. Absolute, arbitrary power over the lives, liberty and prop-
erty of freemen exists nowhere in a republic, not even in
the largest majority.
Sec. 8. All courts shall be open and every person for an injury done
to person, reputation or property shall have justice admin-
istered without sale, denial or delay. Suits may be brought
against the state in such manner and in such courts as the
legislature may by law direct.
Sec. 9. The right of trial by jury shall remain inviolate in crim-
inal cases, but a jury in civil cases in all courts or in
criminal cases in courts not of record, may consist of less
than twelve men, as may be prescribed by law. Hereafter a
grand jury may consist of twelve men, any nine of whom con-
curring may find an indictment, but the Legislature may
change, regulate or abolish the grand jury system.
Sec. 10. In all criminal prosecutions the accused shall have the
right to defend in person and by counsel, to demand the
nature and cause of the accusation, to have a copy thereof,
to be confronted with the witnesses against him, to have
compulsory process served for obtaining witnesses, and to a
speedy trial by an impartial jury of the county or district
in which the offense is alleged to have been committed.
Sec. 11. No person shall be compelled to testify against himself in
any criminal case, nor shall any person be twice put to jeo-
pardy for the same offense. If a jury disagree, or if the
judgement be arrested after a verdict, or if the judgement
be reversed for error in law, the accused shall not be deem-
ed to have been in jeopardy.
Sec. 12. No person shall be detained as a witness in any criminal
prosecution longer than may be necessary to take his tes-
timony or deposition, nor be confined in any room where
criminals are imprisoned.
Sec. 13. Until otherwise provided by law, no person shall, for a
felony, be proceeded against criminally, otherwise than by
indictment, except in cases arising in the land or naval
forces, or in the militia when in actual service in time of
war or public danger.
Sec. 14. All persons shall be bailable by sufficient sureties, except
for capital offenses when the proof is evident or the pre-
sumption great. Excessive bail shall not be required, nor
excessive fines imposed, nor shall cruel or unusual punish-
ment be inflicted.
Sec. 15. The penal code shall be framed on the humane principles of
reformation and prevention.
Sec. 16. No person arrested and confined in jail shall be treated
with unnecessary rigor. The erection of safe and comfortable
prisons, and inspection of prisons, and the humane treatment
of prisoners shall be provided for.
Sec. 17. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be
suspended unless, when in case of rebellion or invasion the
public safety may require it.
Sec. 18. The free exercise and enjoyment of religious profession and
worship without discrimination or preference shall be for-
ever guaranteed in this state, and no person shall be ren-
dered incompetent to hold any office of trust or profit, or
to serve as a witness or juror, because of his opinion on
any matter of religious belief whatsoever; but the liberty
of conscience hereby secured shall not be so construed as to
excuse acts of licentiousness or justify practices incon-
sistent with the peace and safety of the state.
Sec. 19. No money of the state shall ever be given or appropriated to
any sectarian or religious society or institution.
Sec. 20. Every person may freely speak, write and publish on all
subjects, being responsible for the abuse of that right; and
in all trials for libel, both civil and criminal, the truth,
when published with good intent and [for] justifiable ends,
shall be a sufficient defense, the jury having the right to
determine the facts and the law, under the direction of the
court.
Sec. 21. The right of petition, and of the people peaceably to as-
semble to consult for the common good, and to make known
their opinions, shall never be denied or abridged.
Sec. 22. The rights of labor shall have just protection through laws
calculated to secure to the laborer proper rewards for his
service and to promote the industrial welfare of the state.
Sec. 23. The right of the citizens to opportunities for education
should have practical recognition. The legislature shall
suitably encourage means and agencies calculated to advance
the sciences and liberal arts.
Sec. 24. The right of citizens to bear arms in defense of themselves
and the state shall not be denied.
Sec. 25. The military shall ever be in strict subordination to the
civil power. No soldier in time of peace shall be quartered
in any house without consent of the owner, nor in time of
war except in the manner prescribed by law.
Sec. 26. Treason against the state shall consist only in levying war
against it, or in adhering to its enemies, or in giving them
aid and comfort. No person shall be convicted of treason
unless on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt
act, or on confession in open court; nor shall any person be
attainted of treason by the legislature.
Sec. 27. Elections shall be open, free and equal, and no power, civil
or military, shall at any time interfere to prevent an un-
trammeled exercise of the right of suffrage.
Sec. 28. No tax shall be imposed without the consent of the people or
their authorized representatives. All taxation shall be
equal and uniform. Section 29. No distinction shall ever be
made by law between resident aliens and citizens as to the
possession, taxation, enjoyment and descent of property.
Sec. 30. Perpetuities and monopolies are contrary to the genius of a
free state, and shall not be allowed. Corporations being
creatures of the state, endowed for the public good with a
portion of its sovereign powers, must be subject to its
control.
Sec. 31. Water being essential to industrial prosperity, of limited
amount, and easy of diversion from its natural channels, its
control must be in the state, which, in providing for its
use, shall equally guard all the various interests involved.
Sec. 32. Private property shall not be taken for private use unless
by consent of the owner, except for private ways of necess-
ity, and for reservoirs, drains, flumes or ditches on or
across the lands of others for agricultural, mining, mill-
ing, domestic or sanitary purposes, nor in any case without
due compensation.
Sec. 33. Private property shall not be taken or damaged for public or
private use without just compensation.
Sec. 34. All laws of a general nature shall have a uniform operation.
Sec. 35. No ex post facto law, nor any law impairing the obligation
of contracts, shall ever be made.
Sec. 36. The enumeration in this constitution, of certain rights
shall not be construed to deny, impair, or disparage others
retained by the people.
Sec. 37. The state of Wyoming is an inseparable part of the federal
union, and the constitution of the United States is the
supreme law of the land.