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894.KENTUCKY.TXT
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1994-02-11
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CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF KENTUCKY
(as amended to 1980)
PREAMBLE
We, the people of the Commonwealth of Kentucky, grateful to
Almighty God for the civil, political and religious liber-
ties we enjoy, and invoking the continuance of these bless-
ings, do ordain and establish this Constitution.
BILL OF RIGHTS
That the great and essential principles of liberty and free
government may be recognized and established, we declare
that:
Sec. 1. Rights of life, liberty, worship, pursuit of safety and hap-
piness, free speech, acquiring and protecting property,
peaceable assembly, redress of grievances, bearing arms.
All men are, by nature, free and equal, and have certain
inherent and inalienable rights, among which may be
reckoned:
First: The right of enjoying and defending their lives and liber-
ties.
Second: The right of worshipping Almighty God according to the dic-
tates of their conscience.
Third: The right of seeking and pursuing their safety and happi-
ness.
Fourth: The right of freely communicating their thoughts and opin-
ions.
Fifth: The right of acquiring and protecting property.
Sixth: The right of assembling together in a peaceable manner for
their common good, and of applying to those invested with
power of government for redress of grievances or other
proper purposes, by petition, address or remonstrance.
Seventh: The right to bear arms in defense of themselves and of the
State, subject to the power of the General Assembly to enact
laws to prevent persons from carrying concealed weapons.
Sec. 2. Absolute and arbitrary power denied. Absolute and arbitrary
power over the lives, liberty and property of freemen exists
nowhere in a republic, not even in the largest majority.
Sec. 3. Men are equal; no exclusive grant except for public ser-
vices; property not to be exempted from taxation; grants
revocable. All men, when they form a social compact, are
equal; and no grant of exclusive, separate public emoluments
or privileges shall be made to any man or set of men, except
in consideration of public services; but no property shall
be exempt from taxation except as provided in this Consti-
tution, and every grant of a franchise, privilege or exemp-
tion, shall remain subject to revocation, alteration or
amendment.
Sec. 4. Power inherent in the people; right to alter, reform or
abolish government. All power is inherent in the people,
and all free governments are founded on their authority and
instituted for their peace, safety, happiness and the pro-
tection of property. For the advancement of these ends, they
have at all times an inalienable and indefeasible right to
alter, reform or abolish their government in such manner as
they may deem proper.
Sec. 5. Right of religious freedom. No preference shall ever be
given by law to any religious sect, society or denomination;
nor to any particular creed, mode of worship or system of
ecclesiastical polity; nor shall any person be compelled to
attend any place of worship, to contribute to the erection
or maintenance of any such place, or to the salary or sup-
port of any minister or religion; nor shall any man be com-
pelled to send his child to any school to which he may be
conscientiously opposed; and the civil rights, privileges or
capacities of no person shall be taken away, or in anywise
diminished or enlarged, on account of his belief or disbe-
lief of any religious tenet, dogma or teaching. No human
authority shall, in any case whatever, control or interfere
with the rights of conscience.
Sec. 6. Elections to be free and equal..All elections shall be free
and equal.
Sec. 7. Right of trial by jury. The ancient mode of trial by jury
shall be held sacred, and the right thereof remain invio-
late, subject to such modifications as may be authorized by
this Constitution.
Sec. 8. Freedom of speech and of the press. Printing presses shall
be free to every person who undertakes to examine the pro-
ceedings of the General Assembly or any branch of govern-
ment, and no shall ever be made to restrain the right there-
of. Every person may freely and fully speak, write and
print on any subject, being responsible for the abuse of
that liberty.
Sec. 9. Truth may be given in evidence in prosecution for publish-
ing matters proper for public information; jury to try law
and facts in libel prosecutions. In prosecutions for the
publication of papers investigating the official conduct of
officers or men in public capacity, or where the matter pub-
lished is proper for public information, the truth thereof
may be given in evidence; and in all indictments for libel
the jury shall have the right to determine the law and the
facts, under the direction of the court, as in other cases.
Sec. 10. Security from search and seizure; conditions of issuance of
warrants. The people shall be secure in their persons,
houses, papers and possessions, from unreasonable searches
and seizure; and no warrant shall issue to search any place,
or seize any person or thing, without describing them as
nearly as may be, nor without probable cause supported by
oath or affirmation.
Sec. 11. Rights of accused in criminal prosecution; change of venue.
In all criminal prosecutions the accused has the right to be
heard by himself and counsel; to demand the nature and cause
of the accusation against him; to meet the witnesses face to
face, and to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses
in his favor. He cannot be compelled to give evidence
against himself, nor can he be deprived of his life, liberty
or property, unless by the judgement of his peers or the law
of the land; and in prosecutions by indictments or informa-
tion, he shall have a speedy public trial by an impartial
jury of the vicinage; but the General Assembly may provide
by a general law for a change of venue in such prosecutions
for both the defendant and the Commonwealth, the change to
be made to the most convenient county in which a fair trial
can be obtained.
Sec. 12. Indictable offense not to be prosecuted by information;
exceptions. No person, for an indictable offense, shall be
proceeded against criminally by information, except in cases
arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia, when
in actual service, in time of war or public danger, or by
leave of court for oppression or misdemeanor in office.
Sec. 13. Double jeopardy; property not to be taken for public use
without just compensation. No person shall, for the same
offense, be twice put in jeopardy of his life or limb, nor
shall any man's property be taken or applied to public use
without just compensation being previously made to him.
Sec. 14. Right of judicial remedy for injury; speedy trial. All
courts shall be open, and every person for an injury done
him in his lands, goods, person or reputation, shall have
remedy by due course of law, and right and justice adminis-
tered without sale, denial or delay.
Sec. 15. Laws to be suspended only by General Assembly. No power to
suspend laws shall be exercised unless by the General Assem-
bly.or its authority.
Sec. 16. Right to bail; habeas corpus. All prisoners shall be bail-
able by sufficient securities, unless for capital offenses
when the proof is evident or the presumption great: and the
privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspend-
ed unless when, in case of rebellion or invasion, the public
safety may require it.
Sec. 17. Excessive bail or fine, or cruel punishment, prohibited.
Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines
imposed, nor cruel punishment inflicted.
Sec. 18. Imprisonment for debt restricted. The person of a debtor,
where there is not strong presumption of fraud, shall not
be continued in prison after delivering up his estate for
the benefit of his creditors in such manner as shall be
prescribed by law.
Sec. 19. Ex post facto law or law impairing the obligation of con-
tract forbidden. No ex post facto law, nor any law im-
pairing the obligation of contracts, shall be enacted.
Sec. 20. Attainder, operation of restricted. No person shall be at-
tainted of treason or felony by the General Assembly, and no
attainder shall work corruption of blood, nor, except during
the life of the offender, forfeiture of estate to the
Commonwealth.
Sec. 21. Descent in case of suicide or casualty. The estate of such
persons as shall destroy their own lives shall descend or
vest as in cases of natural death; and if any person shall
be killed by casualty, there shall be no forfeiture by
reason thereof.
Sec. 22. Standing armies restricted; military subordinate to civil;
quartering soldiers restricted. No standing army shall, in
time of peace, be maintained without the consent of the
General Assembly; and the military shall, in all cases and
at all times, be in strict subordination to the civil power;
nor shall any soldier, in time of peace, be quartered in any
house without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war,
except in a manner prescribed by law.
Sec. 23. No office of nobility or hereditary distinction, or for
longer than a term of years. The General Assembly shall
not grant any title of nobility or hereditary distinction,
nor create any office the appointment of which shall be for
a longer time than a term of years.
Sec. 24. Emigration to be free. Emigration from the state shall not
be prohibited.
Sec. 25. Slavery and involuntary servitude forbidden. Slavery and in-
voluntary servitude in this State are forbidden, except as
punishment for crime, whereof the party shall have been duly
convicted.
Sec. 26. General powers subordinate to Bill of Rights; laws contrary
thereto are void. To guard against transgression of the
high powers which we have delegated, We Declare that every
thing in this Bill of Rights is excepted out of the general
powers of government, and shall forever remain inviolate;
and all laws contrary thereto, or contrary to this
Constitution, shall be void.
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