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1994-02-11
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CONSTITUTION OF THE
STATE OF RHODE ISLAND
PREAMBLE
We, the people of the State of Rhode Island and Providence
Plantations, grateful to Almighty God for the civil and
religious liberty which He hath so long permitted us to
enjoy, and looking to Him for a blessing upon our endeavors
to secure and to transmit the same unimpaired to succeeding
generations, do ordain and establish this Constitution of
government.
ARTICLE I
DECLARATION OF RIGHTS
Declaration of Certain Constitutional rights and Principles.
In order effectually to secure the religious and political
freedom established by our venerated ancestors, and to pre-
serve the same for our posterity, we do declare that the
essential and unquestionable rights and principles herein-
after mentioned shall be established, maintained, and pre-
served, and shall be of paramount obligation in all Legisla-
tive, judicial, and executive proceedings.
Sec. 1. In the words of the Father of his Country, we declare that
"the basis of our political systems is the right of the
people to make and alter their constitutions of government;
but that the constitution which at any time exists, till
changed by an explicit and authentic act of the whole peo-
ple, is sacredly obligatory upon all."
Sec. 2. All free governments are instituted for the protection, sa-
fety and happiness of the people. All laws, therefore,
should be made for the good of the whole; and the burdens of
the state ought to be fairly distributed among its citizens.
Sec. 3. Whereas Almighty God hath created the mind free; and all
attempts to influence it by temporal punishments or burdens,
or by civil incapacitations, tend to beget habits of hypoc-
risy and meanness; and whereas a principal object of our
venerable ancestors, in the migration to this country and
their settlement of this state, was, as they expressed it,
to hold forth a lively experiment that a flourishing civil
state may stand and be best maintained with the full liberty
in religious concernments: We, therefore, declare that no
man shall be compelled to frequent or to support any relig-
ious worship, place, or ministry whatever, except in ful-
fillment of his own voluntary contract; nor enforced, re-
strained, molested, or burdened in his body or goods; nor
disqualified from holding any office; nor otherwise suffer
on account of his religious belief; and that every man shall
be free to worship God according to the dictates of his own
conscience, and to profess and by argument to maintain his
opinion in matters of religion; and that the same shall in
no wise diminish, enlarge, or effect his civil capacity.
Sec. 4. Slavery shall not be permitted in this state.
Sec. 5. Every person within this state ought to find certain remedy,
by having recourse to the laws, for all injuries or wrongs
which he may receive in his person, property, or character.
He ought to obtain right and justice freely and without pur-
chase, completely and without denial; promptly and without
delay; conformably to the laws.
Sec. 6. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, pa-
pers and possessions, against unreasonable searches and
seizures, shall not be violated. and no warrant shall issue,
but on complaint in writing, upon probable cause, supported
by oath or affirmation, and describing as nearly as may be,
the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be
seized.
Sec. 7. No person shall be held to answer for a capital or other
infamous crime, unless on presentment or indictment by a
grand jury, except in cases of impeachment, or of such
offenses as are cognizable by a justice of the peace; or in
cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia
when in actual service in time of war or public danger. No
person shall, after an acquittal, be tried for the same
offence.
Sec. 8. Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines
imposed, nor cruel punishments inflicted; and all punish-
ments ought to be proportioned to the offence.
Sec. 9. All persons imprisoned ought to be bailed by sufficient
surety, unless for offenses punishable by death or by im-
prisonment for life, when the proof of guilt is evident or
the presumption great. The privilege of the writ of habeas
corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in cases of
rebellion or invasion the public safety shall require it;
nor ever without the authority of the General Assembly.
Sec. 10 In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the
right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury; to
be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation, to be
confronted with the witnesses against him, to have compul-
sory process for obtaining them in his favor, to have the
assistance of counsel in his defence, and shall be at lib-
erty to speak for himself; nor shall he be deprived of life,
liberty, or property, unless by the judgement of his peers,
or the law of the land.
Sec. 11. The person of a debtor, when there is not strong presumption
of fraud, ought not to be continued in prison, after he
shall have delivered up his property for the benefit of his
creditors, in such manner as shall be prescribed by law.
Sec. 12. No ex post facto law, or law impairing the obligation of
contracts shall be passed.
Sec. 13. No man in a court of common law shall be compelled to give
evidence criminating himself.
Sec. 14. Every man being presumed innocent, until he is pronounced
guilty by the law, no act of severity which is not necessary
to secure an accused person shall be permitted.
Sec. 15. The right of trial by jury shall remain inviolate.
Sec. 16. Private property shall not be taken for public uses, without
just compensation.
Sec. 17. The people shall continue to enjoy and freely exercise all
the rights of fishery, and the privileges of the shore, to
which they have been heretofore entitled under the charter
and usages of this state. But no new right is intended to
be granted, nor any existing right impaired, by this
declaration.
Sec. 18. The military shall be held in strict subordination to the
civil authority. And the law martial shall be used and
exercised in such cases only as occasion shall necessarily
require.
Sec. 19. No soldier shall be quartered in any house, in time of
peace, without the consent of the owner; nor, in time of
war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.
Sec. 20. The liberty of the press being essential to the security of
freedom in a state, any person may publish his sentiments on
any subject, being responsible for the abuse of that liber-
ty; and in all trials for libel, both civil and criminal,
the truth, unless published from malicious motives, shall be
sufficient defence to the person charged.
Sec. 21. The citizens have a right in a peaceable manner to assemble
for their common good, and to apply to those invested with
the powers of government, for redress of grievances, or for
other purposes, by petition, address, or remonstrance.
Sec. 22. The right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be
infringed.
Sec. 23. The enumeration of the foregoing rights shall not be con-
strued to impair or deny others retained by the people.
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