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2003-03-25
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79 lines
Scouring:
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The technique used to removed surface finishes of fabric which may
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prevent the fabric taking the dye adequately. The method used is to simply wash the
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fabric in the machine in hot water and synthropol SP (or a quality washing powder)
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and approximately a cup of soda ash.
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Resist:
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The method used to block off part of the fabric to prevent dye penetration and
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thereby creating a design. Methods used include wax (batik), potato dextrin, or simply
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folding/tying the fabric to prevent dye uptake.
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Mercerisation:
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To Treat cotton fabric with sodium hydroxide to increase the lustre
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and to shrink the fibre and increase it’s affinity for dye.
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Batching:
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Leaving the fabric to allow the dye process to work. You can batch fabric
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from 2 hours in ideal conditions to up to a week.
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Vat dyeing/immersion dyeing:
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The use of a large amount of water to float the dye
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and fabric in. Auxiliary chemicals are needed in this process such as salt, detergent
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and water softener if required.
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Low water immersion dyeing:
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The technique used to dye fabric using as little water
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as possible. Less chemicals are required, less water wastage, and more texture is
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gained in the surface design of the fabric.
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Discharge:
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The process used to remove dye from the fibres creating a secondary
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design. Usually bleach or Thiourea Dioxide is used. The chemicals can be applied
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using various methods including brushes, sponges, stamps and sprays. Sodium
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Metabisulphite (Anti-chlor Concentrate) is required to neutralise the bleach with this
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procedure. Vinegar is a substitute if these products aren’t available. Sodium
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Metabisulphite is available from home brew suppliers. Good ventilation is required
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while using this chemical and a mask with acid cartridges is recommended while it is
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in powder form.
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Soda ash:
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This is sodium carbonate and is used to create the alkaline environment
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that is required to fix the dye to the fibre. The ideal alkalinity is 10.5 - 11ph. Available
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from dye houses and pool supply shops.
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Urea:
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A nitrogen which acts as a humectant, it makes water wetter, so keeps the
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dyeing process working for longer. Ideal for use in painting or printing with the dyes.
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It also helps to dissolve large amounts of dye in smaller amounts of water.