The Education Master 1994 (4th Edition)/EDUCATIONS_MASTER_4TH_EDITION.bin/files/educmisc/tutrite/tw30.exe/lha/INSTRUCT.ION

Text File | 1992-11-28 | 51KB | 1,551 lines

                            CREATING A TUTORIAL
                            -------------------

This is a step-by-step guide which explains how to use TutorialWriter to
write tutorials. It covers most of TutorialWriter's features and uses a
limited number of Commands to demonstrate them. The Commands which are used
are only briefly explained.  For a fuller explanation, refer to the Commands
Tutorial listed at the Instructions Menu.

Meanwhile, print out a copy of the Quick Reference which summarises the
Commands. Take a few moments to look through the Commands and then refer to
to the Quick Reference as the Commands are introduced here.

Work slowly through this Guide. There may seem to be lots of things to
remember, but these become almost second nature with a little practice.

Follow the steps outlined below and when you've finished you will have created
a professional quality tutorial with Help, HyperText, Voice, Textscreens, a
Menu, a Quiz, a Test and much more.

Let's get started!



                              The Story Board
                              ---------------

Here's the scenario. Your company (MY COMPANY) has decided to move to
Computer Based Training because it is cheaper and more effective. The
plan is to supply the various company experts with copies of TutorialWriter
and have them create tutorials in their respective expertise areas, which
will then be put on the Network for all employees to use.

You are the company's expert on Instructional Technology and your tutorial
will teach the various experts how to write effective tutorials. You have
decided that it will cover three aspects of Instructional Technology -
Determining the Course Content, Instructional Design and Display Standards.


                            The Tutorial Format.
                            -------------------

The tutorial will be a Multiple Chapter tutorial. It will start with a Menu
Chapter, which will show the Company Logo and present a Menu.  The Menu
will give access to four Subchapters. Chapter 1 will be an Introduction.
Chapter 2 will deal with Determining the Course Content. Chapter 3 will be
the Instructional Design chapter and Chapter 4 will explain Display
Standards.

Now let's create your tutorial.

Type TWRITER and select Quit on the first screen of the Demo to enter the
Integrated Development Environment.

                          Naming the Project
                          ------------------

The first thing to do is to choose an overall PROJECT name for the tutorial.
TWRITER automatically assigns different extensions to different file types,
so the same name can be used for the Configuration, Help, Hypertext and
Textscreen files. Since there will be more than one Chapter file, we will
append a number to the project name to indicate the Chapters. The Project name
for this tutorial will be MYTUT so the file for the Menu Chapter will be
MYTUT0 and the files for the Sub-Chapters will be MYTUT1, MYTUT2, etc.


                          Configuring the Tutorial
                          ------------------------

You are using TWRITER, the Development Module. But when the tutorial is
completed and distributed, it will be displayed by TWTEACH. So the first step
is to produce a Configuration file to tell TWTEACH which colors to use and
what file to read first.

Select Configure Tutorial at the Main Menu. You will be asked for a file
name. Type MYTUT

TWRITER will automatically create a file called MYTUT.CNF.

The Configuration Entry Screen will now be on screen. The first two fields
set the Default Normal Colors for the tutorial and the next two set the
Default Highlight Colors. With the cursor on any one of these fields, press
F1 to see the color codes.  Set the Default Normal Text Color to Yellow by
entering 14 in the first field.  Set the Default Normal Background to Blue
by entering 1 in the second field.

Now set the Default Highlight Colors to White on Blue by entering 15 and 1
in the next two fields.

For the Name of the Starting File enter MYTUT0. This is the name of the Menu
Chapter. Now TWTEACH will look for a file called MYTUT0.CHP as the first file
to read.

For the HELP, HYPERTEXT and SCREEN files, enter MYTUT. When these files are
created ( a little bit later ) they will be called MYTUT.HLP, MYTUT.HYP AND
MYTUT.SCR.

Now press F10 or Mouse Right Button and the information will be saved to the
file MYTUT.CNF.


                       Creating the Menu Chapter
                       -------------------------

Now it's time to create the Menu Chapter.  Choose Create/Edit Chapter at
the Main Menu. You will be asked for a file name. Type MYTUT0, which is the
file you specified in the Configuration file as the first one to read.
The Editor will automatically append the extension .CHP. You will be asked
to confirm that this is a new file. Type Y and you will be in the Editor.

Press the F1 key. This brings up the Editor Help System which explains all
Editing and TutorialWriter Commands.  Consult it if you need to check out a
Command format or an Editor function.  Now press Esc to return to the
Editor screen.

In this Menu Chapter we will use four of the five most common Commands in
TutorialWriter. They are :

                 #EF  which means Erase Full Screen.
                 #T   which means put a Title on the screen.
                 #W   which means Wait until the user presses a key.
                 #X   which means EXit from the Chapter.

The first time you use #T you have to specify what title to use. After that
it uses it for the rest of the Chapter unless you change it.

Type in the Commands between the asterisks and be sure to put the # in the
first column of the line.

*******************************************************

#EF
#THOW TO WRITE A TUTORIAL
#W
#X

*********************************************************

OK. Let's have a look at that. Press F10 to save the file as MYTUT0.CHP.
Select View Tutorial at the Main Menu and press <Enter> to list the
Configuration files. Highlight MYTUT and press <Enter>.

Impressive, huh?  A blank screen with a title waiting for the User to press
a key or a Mouse Button. But it's a start.

Select Create/Edit, press <Enter> when you are asked for a filename, highlight
MYTUT0 and press <Enter> to choose it. You will now be back in the Editor.

Let's add the company logo to the screen.  We will use the #AL Command (Art
Logo) and follow it with 5 lines of text (including blank lines). So the
Command will be #AL,5 and the 5 lines follow immediately beneath it.

Move the Editor cursor to the # in #W and press <Enter> to create a blank
line. Move the cursor to the blank line and type in the Logo Command and
its text.

*****************

#AL,5
MY COMPANY

presents

HOW TO WRITE A TUTORIAL

*****************

Your screen should now look like this :

#EF
#THOW TO WRITE A TUTORIAL
#AL,5
MY COMPANY

presents

HOW TO WRITE A TUTORIAL
#WN
#X

Let's take a look at that. Do you remember how to do that? Just in case you
have forgotten, here's what to do.

Press F10 to save the file as MYTUT0.CHP. Select View Tutorial at the Main
Menu and press <Enter> to list the Configuration files. Highlight MYTUT and
press <Enter>.

(You will be doing this frequently, so try to memorize the sequence.)

Now we can see the tutorial starting to take shape.

Back to the Editor!!

(HINT - Choose Create/Edit, press <Enter> when you are asked for a filename,
highlight MYTUT0 and press <Enter> to choose it.)

Let's change the color of some of the words by using the Color Commands.
These Commands start with ~ and are put immediately before the text they
affect. ~W means White and ~I means Intense, so ~W~I means Intense White
(yes I know they are reversed, but that's the only way the computer
understands them!)

Now we'll change the color of HOW TO WRITE A TUTORIAL in the Logo Box. Put
the cursor on the letter H of HOW and type ~W~I  This means change the color
to Intense White. It should now look like this :

~W~IHOW TO WRITE A TUTORIAL

Jump out and View that, then come back to the Editor. (You know how to do
that, don't you?  If not, look back a few lines.)

Beginning to look good, don't you think?  Of course it's not very useful,
so we need to create the Menu. It will appear after the User has pressed
CONTINUE at the Logo Screen, so we have to add the Menu Command after the
#W.  The Menu Command is simple. It is #M plus the name of the menu file.
And since we decided that this Project was to be called MYTUT, the menu
file will be MYTUT.MNU.  So add the Command #MMYTUT to the screen after
#W. Put your cursor on the # of #X, press <Enter> to create a blank line,
move the cursor to that blank line with the Up Arrow key () and type

**************

#MMYTUT

**************

You don't need to specify the .MNU in the filename. #M will automatically
look for MYTUT.MNU.

Your screen should now look like this.

#EF
#THOW TO WRITE A TUTORIAL
#AL,5
MY COMPANY

presents

~W~IHOW TO WRITE A TUTORIAL
#WN
#MMYTUT
#X


Now press F10 to save the file MYTUT0.CHP. Before we can see what the Menu
looks like, we must create the Menu File MYTUT.MNU.  So now choose Utility
Programs at the Main Menu. This will bring up the Utilities Menu. Now
choose Create Menu.

First you will be asked for a file name. Type MYTUT. The Menu Utility will
automatically give it the extension .MNU.

You will now see the Menu Entry Screen, and it looks confusing. Don't worry
about that.  Move around the various fields, and press F1 for Help at each
field to see what that field does.  For this tutorial we will keep the default
settings which are currently on the screen but later you can change the look
of your Menus by changing these values.

                                      ***************************
In the Screen Title field enter       HOW TO WRITE A TUTORIAL
In Menu title field enter             How to Write a Tutorial
In the menu subtitle field enter      Main Menu
                                      ***************************

Now we need four Chapter names and their associated filenames. The Chapter
names will appear in the Menu.  The associated filename is the file that
TWTEACH will read when that chapter is selected.

Enter these Chapters and Filenames:

******************************************
INTRODUCTION                     MYTUT1
DETERMINING THE CONTENT          MYTUT2
INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN             MYTUT3
DISPLAY SPECIFICATIONS           MYTUT4
******************************************

Press F10 or the Mouse Right Button to save the information to the file
MYTUT.MNU. Now we can see what has been created.  Jump out and take a look.
But don't choose anything on your menu except QUIT or you will get an error
message. We haven't created any of the Chapter files yet so if TWTEACH
looks for MYTUT1.CHP etc it won't be able to find them.


                           Creating Subchapter 1
                           ---------------------

Now let's turn to the SubChapters. Select Create/Edit Chapter at the Main Menu,
enter the filename MYTUT1 and confirm that it is a new file.

Start with the usual EraseFullScreen, Title, Wait and Exit Commands. Type in:

*********************

#EF
#TINTRODUCTION
#W
#X

**********************

This is the INTRODUCTION  Subchapter, and we want the User to be able to
PageBack. To do this we mark the beginning of every screen, immediately
before the #EF, with the Page Marker %  So put your cursor on the # of #EF,
press <Enter>, move to the blank line and type %

Here's what you should have on your screen :

%
#EF
#TINTRODUCTION
#W
#X

When the tutorial is displayed, we want the text to start at column 2 so
that the screen has a 'margin' of 1 space rather than starting right at the
very edge of the screen. The Command for this is #C2. That's right - #C means
column and 2 is the column where you want the text to start. This setting
will stay in force (at 2 in this instance) until you reset it.

We also want the text to start at row 5 when it is presented. The Command is
#R5. This does not stay in effect. Everytime a line is written to the screen
the row number is increased.

These two Commands can be written separately or combined. The combined
version is #C2,R5 (the # before the R is replaced by a comma). And this is
the fifth of the 5 most frequent Commands in TutorialWriter. (#EF, #T, #W,
#X and #Cx,Ry).

So now tell TWTEACH to start presenting text at Column 2, Row 5 and give it
the text to present. Insert this (by creating a blank line) immediately
after the #TINTRODUCTION :

**************************************************************************
#C2,R5
This Tutorial will provide you, the Expert, with important information

on how to create Tutorials which conform to the high educational standards

set by MY COMPANY.

*************************************************************************

Now you want the some more text presented on the screen, but starting at
row 12. You don't need to reset the Column because it stays at 2 where you
set it earlier. Just change the row with #R12 and follow it with the text:

*************************************************************************

#R12
It will provide a detailed explanation of the recommended methods to be used

to :

************************************************************************

Now we want to set the cursor at Column 20 on Row 16, write something,
then move to row 18 and write something, then move to row 20 and write
something. Remember that since you have set the column at 20, it will always
start writing there.

Add this to you tutorial immediately below the  '  to : '

**************************************
#C20,R16
determine the COURSE CONTENT
#R18
meet INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN standards
#R20
and conform to DISPLAY SPECIFICATIONS.
**************************************

Here's what your screen should look like :

%
#EF
#TINTRODUCTION
#C2,R5
This Tutorial will provide you, the Expert, with important information

on how to create Tutorials which conform to the high educational standards

set by MY COMPANY.
#R12
It will provide a detailed explanation of the recommended methods to be used

to :
#C20,R16
determine the COURSE CONTENT
#R18
meet INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN standards
#R20
and conform to DISPLAY SPECIFICATIONS.
#W
#X

Look this over carefully and make sure you understand what all the Commands
are doing. Then go take a look at what you have created!! When you come back
to the Editor we will really start getting fancy.

To make the text more interesting, let's highlight the words Tutorial,
Tutorials and MY COMPANY. Remember you defined the Default Highlight and
Default Normal Colors in the Configuration file. To use them the Commands
are ~H and ~N (that's right - ~H for Highlight and ~N for normal)

Move the cursor to the first letter of Tutorial and type ~H  Now that the
color has been set to Highlight, it will have to be reset or everything will
be highlighted. So move to the end of the word and type ~N  to change
back to Normal.  The word should look like this: ~HTutorial~N  Do the same
with Tutorials and MY COMPANY.

Now change the color of the word Expert to Intense Red. Put the cursor on
the E and type ~R~I    Then, of course, you have to reset it with ~N   The
word will look like this:   ~R~IExpert~N

The reason for adding the colors AFTER the text has been typed is to
position it correctly on screen.  You will notice that after you insert the
Inline Commands, the text is pushed off the screen.  When it is displayed
with TWTEACH, the Commands are removed and the text will be positioned on
screen as it was before the Commands were added.

Go have a look then come back into the Editor.

Now we really move into Overdrive!!

HyperText is where a word or phrase has extra information attached to it
and that information is displayed if the User highlights the HyperText word
and presses <Enter> or the Mouse Left Button. To make a word or phrase into
a HyperText 'Button', you put the symbol | before and after it like this -
|HyperText|

Let's convert COURSE CONTENT into a HyperText Button. Move the cursor to
the C in COURSE and type | (that's usually on the same key as \). Then
move to the space immediately after CONTENT and type | again. And that's it.
The phrase should look like |COURSE CONTENT|

Now do the same for INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN and DISPLAY SPECIFICATIONS.

Here's what that portion of your screen should look like:


#C20,R16
determine the |COURSE CONTENT|
#R18
meet |INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN| standards
#R20
and conform to |DISPLAY SPECIFICATIONS|.
#W

Now we have to create the HyperText information.  Press F10 to save your
changes, and go to the Utilities Menu and select HyperText. Enter MYTUT as
the filename and TWRITER will add the extension .HYP. Now choose Add an Item
from the HyperText Menu.

For the Button word type
***************

COURSE CONTENT

***************

Note that this must be spelled identically to the word or phrase in your
tutorial, including the case used. Now for the information you want
displayed when COURSE CONTENT is selected.  The text will be automatically
formatted to fit in a box wide enough to accommodate the longest line of text.

Type in :

**************************************************

This is the educational material to be presented
in the Tutorial.

It is determined by establishing Learning Goals
then identifying the knowledge and information
which a learner must have to be able to achieve
these Goals.

**************************************************

Press F10 or Mouse Right Button. Answer Y to Add Another and type the Button
Word

********************

INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN

********************

then the text

************************************************

These are the Learning Principles which lead to
effective assimilation of the material by the
student.

*************************************************

Press F10 or Mouse Right Button. Answer Y to Add Another and type the Button
Word

***********************

DISPLAY SPECIFICATIONS

***********************

Now type in the text

********************************************

These ensure that all Tutorials distributed
within MY COMPANY have similar interfaces
and style. The students become familiar with
the interface and do not have to relearn it
for different Tutorials.

********************************************


Press F10 or Mouse Right Button. Answer N to Add Another then select View at
the Hypertext Menu to preview the HyperText as the User will see it.  Select
Return to go back to the Utility Menu and then Quit to return to Main Menu.

Have a look at your tutorial now. Move the Highlight (with the Mouse or
SPACEBAR) to the button words and press <Enter> or Mouse Left Button. Press
again to remove the message.

Isn't that something!!

Of course, now that we have added HyperText, we will have to tell the User
how to use it. So we need a Help System.

At the Utilities Menu choose Help System. This is just like the HyperText
Utility you used a few moments ago. Enter MYTUT as the filename and TWRITER
will add the extension .HLP. Now choose Add an Item from the Help Menu.

The first field holds the word or phrase that will appear in the Help Menu
when the Help System is activated.   In this field type

**************

Using a Mouse

**************

Move to the first field in the block and enter the text which will appear
when Using a Mouse is selected.  The text will be automatically formatted
to fit in a box wide enough to accommodate the longest line of text. Type
in :

****************************************

To use a Mouse, please load the Mouse
Driver before running the Tutorial.

****************************************

Press F10 or the Mouse Right Button. When asked if you want to add another,
type Y.

Now type :

***************

Using Hypertext

***************

in the first field and this text in the block

***********************************************

HyperText Buttons show up on the screen in
Inverse Video (Black on Grey).  To activate
them move the highlight (White on Red) to the
Button using the SPACE BAR, Mouse or Arrow keys.
Then press the ENTER key or Mouse Left Button.
Press Esc or Mouse Button to remove message.

************************************************

Press F10 or the Mouse Right Button. When asked if you want to add another,
type N. Select View at the Help Menu to preview how the Help System will look
to the User. The select Return to exit the Help System Utility.

Now that we have created the Help System, we have to make it available
to the User. Go back to the Editor and load MYTUT1. Then move your cursor
to the #W and add the letter H to it. The Command will now be #WH

Press F10 to save the changes and go View your tutorial. You will notice
that HELP is now available on the Command line beside CONTINUE and QUIT.
Highlight HELP, press <Enter> and the Help Menu will appear. Highlight an
item and press <Enter> and the information will be displayed. Press <Enter>
again to remove it. And of course it works with a Mouse too!

Now we want to add the next 'page' to this Chapter. Load MYTUT1 into the
Editor again and create a blank line between the #WH and the #X Commands.

Now we'll enter the usual commands - #EF, #T, #W but this time there are
slight differences. Since we are using PageBack, we put the Page marker
before the #EF; since we have already stated the title we don't have to
repeat it; since we have set the column at 20 on the last screen we need to
reset it with #C2; and we have a Help System so we need to add H to the #W.

Finally, we want to activate the PageBack. Do this by adding ,P to the #WH
making it #WH,P. (By the way, it could also be #WP,H  The order of the letters
after #W doesn't matter, but if there is more than one letter being added,
they must be separated by commas).

Here's what you type

***************

%
#EF
#T
#C2
#WH,P

***************

You don't need an extra #X here, since there is only one of these in each
Chapter. And be sure to put these Commands before the #X. Nothing is read
after TWTEACH reads a #X. It just stops right there.

Now we'll put a Remember Box on screen. The Command is #AR. We want the text
to be centered so we add ,1  (#AR,1). And we will have three lines of text
so we add on ,3 (#AR,1,3) The text follows immediately below the Command.

So immediately after the #C2 and before the #WH,P type in

*********************************

#AR,1,3
In MY COMPANY
a good Tutorial
is a STANDARD Tutorial.

*********************************

You can View that if you like. Just come back soon to the Editor. We have
more work to do.

If you viewed it you would have noticed that the default colors used by the
Remember Box are Intense White on Black. So if we want to change the color
of MY COMPANY to Intense Yellow (~Y~I) then we would have to reset the
color back to Intense White (~W~I) and not to ~N because ~N has a Blue
background.

Now let's change the color of STANDARD to Intense Yellow on a Red background.
If you refer to the Quick Reference you'll see that the Command for this is
~Y~I~r.  The lower case letters signify background colors. To reset this
Command back to the Remember Box default we use ~W~I~z which means Intense
White on a Black background (I know z doesn't mnemonically represent Black
but b was used up for Blue. Sorry! Think of it as zero color.)

Here's what your screen should show after you make these changes :

************************************

%
#EF
#T
#C2
#AR,1,3
In ~Y~IMY COMPANY~W~I
a good Tutorial
is a ~Y~I~rSTANDARD~W~I~z Tutorial.
#WH,P

************************************

Finally, we'll ask a Quick Question and end the INTRODUCTION Chapter.

The Quick Question will be in an Overlay Box which means it appears on
top of the existing screen so we don't need the #EF Command. We just
use the #QQ,B Command. But we do want the User to see the Remember Box
so we put the Quick Question Command after the #WH,P. When the User
CONTINUES after the Remember Box, the question will appear.

The Quick Question has three lines for the question so the Command will be
#QQ,B,3. The three text lines are placed immediately below the Command. The
line below the last text line contains the Answer you want to present to the
User after the question has been attempted. And the next line contains the
matches. If TWTEACH finds any of these in the User's response, the question
will have been answered correctly.

You will also need to include another #WH,P to hold the screen after an
answer has been attempted, to allow the User to PageBack. If this is not
there, TWTEACH will next read the #X and return to the Menu.

Here's what you type after the #WH,P and BEFORE the #X

************************************************

#QQ,B,3
When a Tutorial is written to the standards
desired by MY COMPANY, it meets the required
DISPLAY  --------. What is the missing word?
SPECIFICATIONS
specification,specif,ecifica,standard
#WH,P

************************************************

As a check, here's what the complete Chapter should look like :

%
#EF
#TINTRODUCTION
#C2,R5
This ~HTutorial~N will provide you, the ~R~IExpert~N, with important information

on how to create ~HTutorials~N which conform to the high educational standards

set by ~HMY COMPANY~N.
#R12
It will provide a detailed explanation of the recommended methods to be used

to :
#C20,R16
determine the |COURSE CONTENT|
#R18
meet |INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN| standards
#R20
and conform to |DISPLAY SPECIFICATIONS|.
#WH
%
#EF
#T
#C2
#AR,1,3
In ~Y~IMY COMPANY~W~I
a good Tutorial
is a ~Y~I~rSTANDARD~W~I~z Tutorial.
#WH,P
#QQ,B,3
When a Tutorial is written to the standards
desired by MY COMPANY, it meets the required
DISPLAY  --------. What is the missing word?
SPECIFICATIONS
specification,specif,ecifica,standard
#WH,P
#X


Read through it carefully and make sure that you know what every Command
is doing. This is important, because we will be using the same Commands
over and over again in the Chapters which folllow.

Now press F10 to save the file to MYTUT1.CHP.

You have just created a Chapter with a Help System, HyperText and Paging
Back plus a Quick Question and some Art. You should be proud of yourself!!
Go have a look at it and be sure to try out all the features!!


                         Creating Subchapter 2
                         ---------------------

In this Chapter we will give some information then present a Quiz for the
student to answer.

PageBack will be enabled and the Help System, which is global to the
tutorial, will also be available.  Begin in the usual way by selecting
Create/Edit Chapter. Enter MYTUT2 as the file name and confirm that it is
a new Chapter. Then mark the page, clear the screen, put the title on,
set the margin and first row, wait for the User response and exit the Chapter.

*************************
%
#EF
#TDETERMINING THE CONTENT
#C2,R5
#WH
#X
*************************

Notice that we are using #WH and not #WH,P. That is because this is the
first screen so you cannot PageBack anywhere.

Now we'll put the Huge Robot on screen with centered text (#AH,1). There
will be six lines of text in the box so the full Command will be #AH,1,6
As always, the text is immediately below the Command.

Create a blank line before #WH and type in :

*********************************
#AH,1,6
DESIGNING A TUTORIAL STARTS WITH
DEFINING LEARNING GOALS.

THEY DESCRIBE WHAT THE STUDENT
WILL BE ABLE TO DO AFTER THE
TUTORIAL HAS BEEN COMPLETED.
*********************************

Now the next screen.  Same again, really, but with five lines of text. So
immediately AFTER the #WH type in :

**********************************
%
#EF
#T
#AH,1,5
THE CONTENT OF A TUTORIAL IS THE
KNOWLEDGE, SKILLS AND INFORMATION
A STUDENT NEEDS TO HAVE IN ORDER
TO PERFORM THE ACTIONS DESCRIBED
IN THE LEARNING GOALS.
#WH,P
**********************************

And this time we use #WH,P which enables PageBack.

Just as a check, here's what the full Chapter should look like :

%
#EF
#TDETERMINING THE CONTENT
#C2,R5
#AH,1,6
DESIGNING A TUTORIAL STARTS WITH
DEFINING LEARNING GOALS.

THEY DESCRIBE WHAT THE STUDENT
WILL BE ABLE TO DO AFTER THE
TUTORIAL HAS BEEN COMPLETED.
#WH
%
#EF
#T
#AH,1,5
THE CONTENT OF A TUTORIAL IS THE
KNOWLEDGE, SKILLS AND INFORMATION
A STUDENT NEEDS TO HAVE IN ORDER
TO PERFORM THE ACTIONS DESCRIBED
IN THE LEARNING GOALS.
#WH,P
#X


Press F10 to save it, then go give it a try. But come back to the Editor to
do more work on MYTUT2.

The third screen will be a Quiz. It will be created by the Quiz Utility and
stored in a file called MYTUT1 (just in case there will be more, the 1 has
been added). The QuizTest Command #QT,Q,MYTUT1 says it is a Quiz (Q) and
that tells TWTEACH that the file name MYTUT1 will have a .QIZ extension.
#WH,P follows the Quiz Command to allow PageBack after the Quiz has been
taken.

Here's what you type in, immediately before the #X

**************

%
#EF
#T
#QT,Q,MYTUT1
#WH,P

*************

Save the file and select Utility Programs at the Main Menu. Now select Quizzes
at the Utility Menu and choose the Create option.

The Quiz Entry Screen will be presented. Press F1 on any entry field for an
explanation of what should be entered. Type

As the Quiz Title type :

****************

TUTORIAL WRITING

*****************

Then for the filename type

*******

MYTUT1

*******

Text entered for the Quiz Question will be centered on screen according to
the longest text line.  For the Quiz Question type

********************************

Match the Questions and Answers.

********************************

Enter 4 as the Number of Questions and 2 as the Difficulty Level.  Press F1
while on this field to see what Difficulty Level means. Now type in these
Questions and Answers:

*************************************************************************

What ensures standard Tutorials?        Using the Display Specifications
How is Tutorial Content determined?     By analyzing Learning Goals
What is the design starting point?      Determining Learning Goals
What is the purpose of Tutorials?       To transfer knowledge and skills

*************************************************************************

Press F10 to leave the Entry Screen. The next screen shows the Default
Comments which will appear after the Quiz is taken, depending on the score.
We could just press F10 to accept these but we are going to do something
different. We are going to add a Voice Message!

To play a Voice Message the Command is #Vmessagename. We will have to create
the file 'messagename' using the Voice Utility, but that comes later. For
the moment let's agree that the 'messagename' will be MYTUT1 (the 1 is in case
you decide to add more later) and the Voice Utility will append the extension
.VOI

So in the Comments field which says 'Fantastic!!!' type in

****************

#VMYTUT1

***************

Then press F10 to save the Quiz.

DO NOT VIEW THE QUIZ NOW! If you try, the #V Command will not be able to find
MYTUT1.VOI.  We must now create that file.

Choose Return at the Quiz Menu and Voice Files at the Utilities Menu.

Select Create a Voice File and a list of phrases will be displayed. Highlight
one of them and press <Enter>.  A second Menu will appear. Choose Test Sound
to hear the highlighted phrase. Then select Choose Another to go back to the
phrases.

This time highlight 'That was fantastic' and press <Enter>. Now choose Add
A Phrase (OK you can Test it if you want!) and your selected phrase will
appear on screen. Now select Choose Another, highlight 'You're a Genius'
and Add A Phrase.  Now Test Your Phrase. And finally Save Your Phrase. When
asked for a filename, type in MYTUT1, as we agreed (we did, didn't we?).

Press F10 to get back to the Voice Menu and Return to go to the Utilities
Menu.  If you like, you can select Quiz, and choose View Quiz. Highlight
MYTUT1 and answer the Quiz. Be sure to get it right so you can hear the
Voice Message.

That's the end of SubChapter 2. View your Tutorial and give yourself a
pat on the back. You now have created a Multi-Media tutorial. And if
you had typed #P (Play) instead of #V (Voice) you could have written a
complete tune with the Music Utility and it would play when the Quiz
was answered.

By the way, if you take the Quiz a second time (or more), the answers
will be in a different order. TWTEACH always displays the answers in
Random order.

                           Creating Subchapter 3
                           ---------------------

In this chapter we will create a Branching Test.  In a Branching Test, when
the wrong answer is selected, the student is given remedial instruction and
returned to the question to try again. We will also use some highlighting
tricks to make the text more interesting and introduce the pop-up window.

Start as usual by selecting Create/Edit Chapter, entering MYTUT3 as the
file name and confirming that it is a new Chapter. Then mark the page,
clear the screen and put the title on.  Position the Cursor, add the Wait
and Exit Commands. This should be almost second nature by now.

Here's what you type :

**********************************************************************
%
#EF
#TINSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN
#C2,R5
#WH
#X
*************************************************************************

Now we want to type in some text, but we want it to appear bit at a time.
So we use the Command #Dn to delay the printing for n seconds. And for
emphasis we will also use the ~K Command which writes to the screen with
a clicking sound, and ~k to switch that sound off.

Here's what you type between the #C2,R5 and the #WH :

*************************************************************************
MY COMPANY believes that learning can be enhanced by the proper use of

Instructional Design techniques.
#D1
#C2,R11
~KEach Tutorial should consist of one or more Topics.~k

#D1
~KEach Topic should have a Chapter to itself.~k

#D1
~KThe Topic should be sub-divided into Sections within the Chapter.~k

#D1
~KEach Section should consist of Instructional Material followed by a Quiz or

Test of the material presented.~k

#D1
~KThe student should be actively involved in the learning process through the

use of Questions.~k
***************************************************************************

Look carefully at what you have typed and make sure you understand what the
Commands are doing. In summary, the #D1 delays printing for 1 second, the
~K starts the clicking and the ~k stops it. The #C2,R11 repositions where
the text will be printed.

Something to notice is that the #D1 Command does not create a space between
rows.  None of the # Commands do. TWTEACH does not increase the row number
when it reads a # Command. So you must leave an empty line to create the
spacing.

We'll drive the message home on the next screen by putting it into a
Pointer Box with the #AP Command.  As always, first mark the page then clear
the screen and put on the Title ( you don't have to supply the title - TWTEACH
will use the one from the last screen ). Now call up the Pointer Box with
centered text and three lines of text. That's the Command #AP,1,3. The text
lines, including a blank line, follow immediately below the Command. Then
hold the screen and enable the Help System and PageBack with #WH,P.

Here's what you type (Yes, after the #WH and before the #X ) :

*************************************

%
#EF
#T
#AP,1,3
ALWAYS KEEP THE STUDENT INVOLVED

BY ASKING RELEVANT QUESTIONS!
#WH,P

*********************************

Now we'll put a pop-up window on screen. This will appear on top of the
Pointer Box as an overlay, so we will not clear the screen.  Nor will we use a
PageMarker. Since the pop-up window is used in conjunction with the previous
screen, we do not want to PageBack to the pop-up window itself but to the
previous screen. And it has already been marked.

Here's the Pop-Up Window Command we are going to use

                     #BO,50,4,75,6,7,1,1,1,14,4

Doesn't that look horrendous!!!.  It is the most complicated Command in
TutorialWriter, but if you break it into pieces, it is really quite simple.
All the numbers are explained in the Quick Reference. Have a look at that
while I explain the various numbers. And remember that this Command and all
the others are explained in GREAT detail in the Commands Tutorial.

#BO,50,4,75,6,7,1,1,1,14,4

#BO,  says This is an Overlay Box
50,4, says Start at Column 50 on Row 4
75,6, says End at Column 75 on Row 6
7,    says Use a double border with a dropped shadow
1,    says Center the Text ( 0 is leftjustify )
1,    says Explode on Screen ( 0 is appear fully drawn )
1,    says Read one line of Text
14,   says Use yellow for Text color
4     says Use red for Background color


And the line(s) of text follow immediately below the Command.

Here's what you type (and remember the #WH,P to hold the screen and activate
the Help System and PageBack)

*****************************

#BO,50,4,75,6,7,1,1,1,14,4
THIS IS IMPORTANT
#WH,P

*****************************

Press F10 to save and go have a look at that. By the way, these Overlays
stay on screen for 60 seconds or until a key or Mouse Button is pressed.


Next we want to create a Branching Multiple Choice Test. This involves a
number of Commands and Markers, but if we take it bit at a time, it will be
simple.

Here's the overview of the Commands.  A Branching Test starts with the
marker @Qn. The @ must be in the first column of a line, and the n is a
number between 0 and 9.  A Branching Test ends at the marker @Cn which
means Continue the Tutorial. The n in @Cn must agree with the n in @Qn.
It's like a pair of parentheses.

So we start our Branching Test 0 by typing :

*******************
@Q0
@C0
*******************

Immediately following the @Q0 we need to set up the Question screen and
show the answers available to choose from.

This is similar to the standard screen you have been creating. Clear the
screen, put on the title, position the cursor and type in the text between
the @Q0 and the @C0

*****************************************************

#EF
#TTEST YOUR UNDERSTANDING
#C2,R5
How should the student be kept actively involved in the learning process?

**************************************************************************

Now instead of ending the screen with a #W Command, we use the #QM,A Command
which meams Quiz Multiple Answers.  We follow the #QM,A with the Question
Number, #QM,A,0 and then with the number of answers we will supply #QM,A,0,4

And the answers are one line each and follow immediately below the Command.

Type this in :

*****************************

#QM,A,0,4
By using pop-up windows
By using fancy screen formatting
By asking relevant Questions
By sending progress reports to the supervisor

************************************************

Now we must prepare the screens for display when an answer is chosen.
Again it's like parentheses. Each answer starts with @n and n is from 1
to 6 depending on how many answers you have provided. In this case it is
four.

The wrong answers end with #QM,L,n which means Loop back to question @Qn.
In our case, answers 1, 2, and 4 are wrong so these will be in this format :
@1
#QM,L,0

Answer 3 is correct so it ends with #QM,C,n which means jump to marker @Cn
and continue.

So here's what you type BEFORE the marker @C0 :

**************************

@1
#QM,L,0
@2
#QM,L,0
@3
#QM,C,0
@4
#QM,L,0

******************************

Here's what it looks like so far:

@Q0
#EF
#TTEST YOUR UNDERSTANDING
#C2,R5
How should the student be kept actively involved in the learning process?
#QM,A,0,4
By using pop-up windows
By using fancy screen formatting
By asking relevant Questions
By sending progress reports to the supervisor
@1
#QM,L,0
@2
#QM,L,0
@3
#QM,C,0
@4
#QM,L,0
@C0

Study this carefully.

The Question starts at @Q0 and ends at #C0.

It has a question presentation screen which ends by offering 4 answers to
choose from.

If Answer1 is chosen it will jump to @1 then loop back to @Q0 and present the
question screen and the answers over again.

Same with Answer2 and Answer4.

If Answer3 is chosen it will jump to @# then jump forward to @C0 and continue
the tutorial.

The answers must be entered in order from @1 to maximum @6, but any one
of them can be the correct answer, because when it is chosen TWTEACH jumps
over all the others to @Cn

Now let's fill in the answers. These are just plain screens like all the
others you have created. So they need a #EF, #T, #Cx,Ry and a #W plus of
course some text between the #Cx,Ry and the #W

So between @1 and its #QM,L,0  type in :
**************************************************************************
 #EF
#T
#C2,R10
Pop-up windows can make the learning material more interesting, but there

is a surer way of maintaining involvement.  Try again.
#WH,N
**************************************************************************

Note the #W Command. There is no PageBack, because you cannot PageBack in
the middle of a Branching Question but an N has been added. This means
NO QUIT OPTION.  So CONTINUE and HELP will be the only choices available
to the User.

And it's the same for Answers 2 and 4.

So between @2 and its #QM,L,0 type :

***********************************************

#EF
#T
#C2,R10
Fancy formatting can make the learning material more interesting, but there

is a surer way of maintaining involvement.  Try again.
#WH,N

***************************************************

And between @4 and its #QM,L,0 type :

*******************************************************

#EF
#T
#C2,R10
Do you really think that would work?  Think about it then try again. One

more wrong answer and it will go in my progress report to your supervisor.
#WH,N

********************************************************

That's all the wrong answers taken care of. Now for Answer 3, the correct
one.  Only one small change here. The Command #NE has been added. This is
a sound (or Noise) Command, the Encouraging Noise, to reward the User for
getting the correct answer.

Between @3 and its #QM,C,0 Command type :

****************************************

#EF
#T
#C2,R10
Yes, that's right!!  You have obviously been paying attention.
#NE
#WH,N

******************************************

And finally, just to finish the Chapter off and to allow the User to
PageBack if he wants, add this between the @C0 and the #X :

*******************************************************

%
#EF
#TINSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN
#C2,R10
This is the end of Chapter 3 - Instructional Design
#WH,P

***********************************************************


NOTE : do not use a a Page Marker at the start of a Branching Test
otherwise when you finish the test and PageBack, you will return to the
test and be caught in a loop. And put the @Qn marker before the #EF, so
that it does not appear on the screen.


The page marker is used on this screen in order to activate the last one.
Two page markers have already been used, so TWTEACH has a count of 2. When
PageBack is used, TWTEACH subtracts one from its total and jumps to that point.
If we use PageBack here without marking this screen, TWTEACH will jump back to
marker 1 which is the start of the Chapter.

We also have to redeclare the Chapter title because it was changed for the
test. Use #WH,P to hold the screen and to allow PageBack. And finally, end


Well, that's it. A Branching Test with four answers. Here's the full
thing so you can study it.

%
#EF
#TINSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN
#C2,R5
MY COMPANY believes that learning can be enhanced by the proper use of

Instructional Design techniques.
#D1
#C2,R11
~KEach Tutorial should consist of one or more Topics.~k

#D1
~KEach Topic should have a Chapter to itself.~k

#D1
~KThe Topic should be sub-divided into Sections within the Chapter.~k

#D1
~KEach Section should consist of Instructional Material followed by a Quiz or

Test of the material presented.~k

#D1
~KThe student should be actively involved in the learning process through the

use of Questions.~k
#WH
%
#EF
#T
#AP,1,3
ALWAYS KEEP THE STUDENT INVOLVED

BY ASKING RELEVANT QUESTIONS!
#WH,P
#BO,50,4,75,6,7,1,1,1,14,4
THIS IS IMPORTANT
#WH,P
@Q0
#EF
#TTEST YOUR UNDERSTANDING
#C2,R5
How should the student be kept actively involved in the learning process?
#QM,A,0,4
By using pop-up windows
By using fancy screen formatting
By asking relevant Questions
By sending progress reports to the supervisor
@1
#EF
#T
#C2,R10
Pop-up windows can make the learning material more interesting, but there

is a surer way of maintaining involvement.  Try again.
#WH,N
#QM,L,0
@2
#EF
#T
#C2,R10
Fancy formatting can make the learning material more interesting, but there

is a surer way of maintaining involvement.  Try again.
#WH,N
#QM,L,0

@3
#EF
#T
#C2,R10
Yes, that's right!!  You have obviously been paying attention.
#NE
#WH,N
#QM,C,0
@4
#EF
#T
#C2,R10
Do you really think that would work?  Think about it then try again. One

more wrong answer and it will go in my progress report to your supervisor.
#WH,N
#QM,L,0
@C0
%
#EF
#TINSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN
#C2,R10
This is the end of Chapter 3 - Instructional Design
#WH,P
#X

Make sure you know what each Command is doing then press F10 and go try it
out. You'll be surprised at what you have created!!

                           Creating Subchapter 4
                           ---------------------

In this final Chapter we will use the TWSNAP Utility to take a snap-shot of
a screen, then we'll put HypertText Buttons on that screen.

The first step is to take the snap-shot. We'll use the Logo screen from the
Menu Chapter of our tutorial as the screen to be snapped.  Here's how to do
it.  Choose Quit at the Main Menu to exit from the TWRITER program.  Now
type TWSNAP at the DOS prompt and TWSNAP will load into memory.

Next, call up the tutorial by typing TWTEACH MYTUT.  When the MYCOMPANY
logo is on screen, hold down the Alt key and press S ( Alt-S activates
TWSNAP ). TWSNAP will store the screen image in the current directory in a
file called TWSNAP.000.  Move to the tutorial Menu and select QUIT to
return to DOS. Now type TWSNAP and the program will remove itself from
memory.

Type TWRITER and enter the Integrated Development Environment. Go to the
Utilities Menu and choose TextScreen. Enter MYTUT as the Screen file name.
(TWRITER will automatically add the extension .SCR). Choose Add a Screen,
press F1 to bring up the name of the snap-shot file ( TWSNAP.000 ) and press
ENTER to choose it.

Then give it the Identifier name MYLOGO. This is the name we will use in
the Chapter to call up that screen. Move off the Identifier Name field and
press F10 to save the file. Select View Screen to check it then return to
the Main Menu.

Choose Create/Edit Chapter and enter MYTUT4 as the file name. Mark the
page, clear the screen, put on the title and set the cursor. Then type in
the text.

*************************************************************************
%
#EF
#TDISPLAY SPECIFICATIONS
#C2,R7
Using standards in the creation of Tutorials is important.  No matter what

Tutorial is being taken, the student should feel familiar with the format

and presentation style.  There should be no need to learn how to deal with

a different interface each time a Tutorial is taken.
#C2,R17
Each Tutorial should start with the Company Logo and the colors and style

should be constant.
#WN
**************************************************************************

Highlight the words Tutorials and Tutorial by moving to the initial T and
typing ~H. Remember to type ~N at the end of the word! ( ~HTutorial~N ).
Now mark the next page and call the saved screen with #GT,mylogo.  Clear
the bottom line of the saved screen ( #EL,25) and write the HyperText
Buttons to the screen, positioning them with the Cursor Control Command.
Hold the screen with #WH,P which allows PageBack and Help in addition to
activating the HyperText Buttons. And finally, of course, end the Chapter
with #X.

********************
%
#GT,mylogo
#EL,25
#C2,R5
|BACKGROUND COLOR|
#C5,R12
|BORDER COLOR|
#C50,R12
|TEXT|
#WH,P
#X
********************

Before we can test this Chapter, the HyperText information must be entered.
Select Utility Menu then HyperText.  The HyperText file name is MYTUT. Add
the three Buttons to the file.  Press F10 after each entry and re-choose
the Add option.

****************************
BACKGROUND COLOR

The Logo is presented on

a Black Background.
****************************

***********************
BORDER COLOR

The Logo border should

be in Yellow.
**********************

*********************
TEXT

The Tutorial title should

be in White. 'MY COMPANY'

and 'presents' are in Yellow.
*********************

Return to the Main Menu, select View Chapter and choose MYTUT as the
Configuration file name.  Now you can test the full tutorial!!



                      Making the Distribution Diskette
                      --------------------------------

The tutorial is now ready for distribution to your Experts. The
distribution diskette will need the following files :

TWTEACH.EXE
MYTUT.CNF
MYTUT.HLP
MYTUT.HYP
MYTUT.SCR
MYTUT.MNU
MYTUT1.QIZ
MYTUT1.VOI
MYTUT0.CHP
MYTUT1.CHP
MYTUT2.CHP
MYTUT3.CHP
MYTUT4.CHP

To run the tutorial, the end user types TWTEACH MYTUT. If you prefer, you
can put this line in a batch file. Then the batch file can be given a more
meaningful name, like GO.BAT or CBT.BAT.