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JEPRS User's Guide, page 1
Table of Contents
Introduction to JEPRS . . . . 3 Adding References . . . . . 48
What is JEPRS? . . . . . . 3 Suggested Format . . . . 50
Features & Requirements . 4 Entering Sample References 54
Registration & Distribution
6
Further Help and Questions 7 Formatting References . . . 57
Pre-Defined Settings . . 57
Setting Up JEPRS . . . . . . 9 Starting Formatting . . 61
Files on Disk . . . . . . 9
Installation . . . . . . 10 Searching . . . . . . . . . 63
Starting JEPRS . . . . . 11 Pre-Defined Settings . . 63
Creating Your Own Starting a Search . . . 68
Database . . . . . . . 13
Maneuvering Through Utilities . . . . . . . . . 71
JEPRS . . . . . . . . 13 Importing . . . . . . . 71
Exiting The Program . . 16 Exporting . . . . . . . 74
Compressing the Database 76
The Main Menu . . . . . . . 17
System Information . . . 17 Format Styles: A Tutorial . 78
Comma-Delimited Output . 82
On-Line Help System . . . . 19
Context-Sensitive Help . 19 Printer Definitions: Tutorial 84
Sample Laser Printer
Quick Start Tutorial . . . 21 Definition . . . . . . 84
Listing References . . . 21 Dot Matrix Example . . . 89
Adding References . . . 22
Searching References . . 23
Global Defaults . . . . 24 Appendices:
Formatting References . 25
Importing References . . 27 JEPRS' Files . . . . . . . 90
Exporting References . . 29
Upgrading Version 1.x to 2.x 95
Global Defaults . . . . . . 31 Converting Format Files to a
Editing Printer Definitions
35 Config File . . . . . 95
Editing Format Styles Running JConvert . . . . 96
(Journal Definitions) 39
Practical Uses: Number Files 98
Listing References . . . . 45
Editing & Updating
References . . . . . . 46 Index . . . . . . . . . . . 101
JEPRS User's Guide, page 2
JEPRS!
The Journal & Editorial
Personal Reference System
User's Guide
Version 2.5
_______
____|__ | (R)
--| | |-------------------
| ____|__ | Association of
| | |_| Shareware
|__| o | Professionals
-----| | |---------------------
|___|___| MEMBER
Disclaimer of Warranty
JEPRS version 2.5
June, 1990 This software and documentation
are sold "as is" and without
by Louis M. Miranda warranties as to performance of
P.O. Box 822894 merchantability or any other
Dallas, TX 75382 USA warranties expressed or implied.
Because of the various hardware
After 01 September 1992 and software environments into
Please Contact: which this program may be put, no
Louis M. Miranda warranty of fitness for a
400 Selby Avenue #301 particular purpose is offered.
St. Paul, MN 55102 Good data processing procedure
dictates that any program be
thoroughly tested with non-
critical data before relying on
"JEPRS" and "The Journal & it. The user must assume the
Editorial Personal Reference entire risk of using this
System" are trademarks of program. Any liability of the
Louis M. Miranda; seller will be limited
Program and Documentation are exclusively to product
Copyr. 1985-1992 Louis M. Miranda replacement or refund of purchase
price.
JEPRS User's Guide, page 3
C H A P T E R O N E
_________
Introduction to JEPRS
####################################
This chapter of the JEPRS User's Guide will provide you with
background information on the capabilities of the program. You will
come away with an appreciation of what JEPRS can do, compatibility
with other programs, new features of version 2.5, computer system
requirements, and registration and shareware distribution information.
#####################################
**************
What is JEPRS?
**********
JEPRS (pronounced ``Jeepers!'') stands for the Journal and
Editorial Personal Reference System. It is a program that maintains a
database of references to articles published in journals, books,
and/or magazines. You can add, edit/update, list, search, import, and
export your reference citations. Also, print your references in
virtually any style imaginable, including underlining, boldface,
italics, superscripts, and subscripts. Lastly, JEPRS can read
reference codes you place in your WordPerfect 5.0 and 5.1 manuscripts
as well as PC-Write 3.0 manuscripts; it can then automatically
generate a bibliography from those reference codes and produce a
WordPerfect or PC-Write compatible output file; and then it can go
back and replace your reference codes in your original manuscript with
either an author/year citation or sequentially numbered citations.
Why should you use JEPRS instead of some other program? There are
three very good answers to that question:
>> It's powerful. The combination of importing, exporting,
searching, formatting, and word processor file capabilities of JEPRS
are simply unequaled. JEPRS is very much the equal of programs costing
many times more.
>> It's easy to use. JEPRS is run by pull-down menus and pop-up
dialog boxes, so you don't have to remember arcane commands. It also
has most of its defaults pre-defined, so you don't have to wade
through screen after screen of questions. In addition, JEPRS sports a
context-sensitive help system-just press the [F1] key for instant
help.
JEPRS User's Guide, page 4
>> It's inexpensive. At a cost of only US$49.95, JEPRS is a great
bargain.
>>>>> Compatibility with Other Programs <<<<<
JEPRS maintains its own proprietary database files that are not
readable by any other program. Nonetheless, it can be compatible with
virtually any reference management system you may be using now. That's
because the combination of JEPRS with Med2Go can read any of the
following file formats:
Comma-delimited
MedLine
BRS/Colleague
ERIC
PsycLit
JEPRS can also write any of the following file types:
Comma-delimited
MedLine
This makes it possible to trade references among the various programs
that you and your colleagues may be using. For example, JEPRS can
import MedLine/NLM files from Current Contents on DisketteTM.
Likewise, JEPRS references output to a MedLine file can be read into
most commercial reference management systems. And comma-delimited
files can be read into most commercial generic database systems, such
as dBase, Excel, and Paradox.
**************
Features & Requirements
**********
>>>>> New Features of Version 2.5 <<<<<
Several enhancements to JEPRS version 2.0 have occurred with
version 2.5. These have been listed in the file called WhatsNew.Doc,
but the major points are reiterated here:
>> WordPerfect and PC-Write Support. JEPRS can now directly output
WordPerfect 5.x and PC-Write 3.0 files. So now you can take advantage
of your word processor's advanced capabilities, such as line
justification, advanced formatting, and printer downloadable fonts.
>> Automatic Bibliography Generation. Simply enter special codes
into your word processor manuscript (such as {J#123} ), and JEPRS can
automatically read the codes and generate a bibliography that includes
the references you specified (such as #123). In addition, JEPRS will
then go back and replace the codes with sequential numbers (1, 2, 3,
...) or author/year citations (Miranda, et al. (1990)).
JEPRS User's Guide, page 5
>> Mouse Support. Use of a mouse is now supported at all menus, and
in the Help screens. (Mouse support is not available for text
editing.)
>> Adding/Editing References. When adding or editing/updating
references, entering text is now much easier. That's because multiline
fields (such as authors, journal, and keywords) can now be edited in
one line, without having to press [Enter] to go to the next part of
the field.
>> Importing: Med2Go. Registered users of JEPRS now receive a free
utility called Med2Go. Med2Go lets you translate Comma-Delimited,
ERIC, BRS/Colleague, and PsycLit files into MedLine files. The MedLine
files can then be directly imported into JEPRS using the
Utilities/Import Menu.
>> Sorting. When viewing results from a search, and when formatting
output, you can now sort the references by author, year, or journal.
Sorting is also much faster than in version 2.0.
>> Periods After Author Initials. If you enter your authors'
initials without periods, you can now define your format styles such
that periods will be automatically inserted. In other words, JEPRS can
now convert ``Miranda LM'' to ``Miranda L.M.''.
>>>>> System Requirements <<<<<
JEPRS is made to run under DOS (version 2.0 or higher) on IBM PCs,
PS/2s, and compatibles. JEPRS itself requires only 320 kilobytes of
RAM, so any computer with 384k or more can run the program.
A hard disk is not required for proper operation, but searches are
considerably faster on a hard disk compared to floppies. In an average
JEPRS database you could probably store 300 references per 100
kilobytes of disk space (i.e., you could probably store 1000
references on a 360k floppy or 4000 references on a 1.44 megabyte
disk).
JEPRS User's Guide, page 6
**************
Registration & Distribution
**********
>>>>> Registering JEPRS <<<<<
JEPRS is distributed as ``shareware''. Shareware is simply a method
of distributing the software. There are many shareware programs that
meet or exceed the capabilities of similar commercial programs.
The shareware concept means that you are free to try the program
for a 30 day evaluation period at no charge. If, at the end of that
time, you decide you like it enough to continue using it, then you are
obligated to pay a registration fee to the author, just like any
software you purchase in a store. It is not public domain, and it is
not free.
Unregistered copies display Unregistered Version on the bottom
right side of the >Main Menu.< When you register, you will receive
information on disabling that message, and also disabling the >Opening
Screen<.
The registration fee is ridiculously small considering the amount
of work JEPRS can do. The current fee is only $49.95. Registration has
several advantages:
The latest version of JEPRS.
The latest version of Med2Go.
A 60-page laser-printed User's Guide (this is a printed version
of the JEPRS.Doc file).
Six months of free customer support (by US Mail and CompuServe
Mail).
Update Notices. Registered users are always kept up-to-date with
reports of minor releases (to fix bugs or add small numbers of
features). Major updates are planned about once a year.
The latest version of Peruse. Peruse is a free utility (written
by a fellow ASP member) that lets you easily look through any text
file you have on your computer. You can use a mouse to scroll
through the text in any direction. There is on-line hypertext help,
and a customization program too.
To order/register your use of JEPRS, print out the ``Order.Doc''
file that's included on the disk, and fill out the information
requested. Or, when you see the >Opening Screen< when JEPRS first
starts, press [F1] to see ordering information, then press
[PrintScreen] to print out the form on your printer.
>>>>> Shareware Distribution <<<<<
If you want to distribute JEPRS to other users (friends and
business acquaintances, for example), you are free to do so as long as
you distribute all the files that you received, in their original
JEPRS User's Guide, page 7
condition (that is, unmodified by you) at no charge.
For commercial distributors and bulletin board system operators,
please see the file called ``Vendor.Doc'' on the distribution disk,
for distribution requirements.
>>>>> ASP: The Association of Shareware Professionals <<<<<
ASP, the Association of Shareware Professionals, is a professional
group for shareware authors who are committed to the shareware
concept. It also provides benefits to users such as yourself: Members
of the ASP must adhere to a code of ethics. Also, ASP Member shareware
programs must not be `crippled': they must be fully-functioning
versions of the software. In addition, users have the opportunity to
bring unresolved complaints with authors to the ASP Ombudsman who can
make final decisions.
If an author is a member of ASP, it is a good indication of two
things: 1) The author's commitment to the program, and 2) The general
quality of that program.
How can you be sure that a program is written by an author who is a
member of the ASP? Just look for the ASP logo:
_______
____|__ | (R)
--| | |-------------------
| ____|__ | Association of
| | |_| Shareware
|__| o | Professionals
-----| | |---------------------
|___|___| MEMBER
This program is produced by a member of the Association of
Shareware Professionals (ASP). ASP wants to make sure that the
shareware principle works for you. If you are unable to resolve a
shareware-related problem with an ASP member by contacting the member
directly, ASP may be able to help. The ASP Ombudsman can help you
resolve a dispute or problem with an ASP member, but does not provide
technical support for members' products. Please write to the ASP
Ombudsman at P.O. Box 5786, Bellevue, WA 98006 or send a Compuserve
message via CompuServe Mail to ASP Ombudsman 70007,3536.
For more information on the ASP, or on shareware in general, enter
``Go Shareware'' at any CompuServe ! prompt.
**************
Further Help and Questions
**********
Questions and comments regarding JEPRS' operation are always
JEPRS User's Guide, page 8
welcomed. Feedback from users is the best way I have of finding out
what features you want to see in future versions. Every major new
feature has been requested by a user of the program. Your voice
counts.
==================================================================
Customer Support
Louis M. Miranda
400 Selby Avenue #301
St. Paul, MN 55102
CompuServe Mail: 73567,471
===================================================================
If you
cannot reach me by mail, please try to contact me via CompuServe. If
you do not have access to CompuServe, please try to contact me through
the ASP:
Executive Director
Assoc. Shareware Professionals
545 Grover Road
Muskegon, MI 49442-9427
Thank you for your support of JEPRS!
JEPRS User's Guide, page 9
C H A P T E R T W O
_________
Setting Up JEPRS
####################################
This chapter provides information on setting up JEPRS on your own
system. In addition to a listing of the major files on the
distribution disk, this chapter will tell you how to: install JEPRS on
your own computer; start the program (including command-line options);
maneuver through the menus; create your own database; and terminate
the program.
#####################################
**************
Files on Disk
**********
Here is a list of the major files that make up the JEPRS system,
and a short description of their use (A complete list of files is in
the ``ReadMe.Doc'' file):
>> JEPRS.Exe. This is the JEPRS program itself; entering JEPRS at
the DOS prompt (C:>) starts the program.
>> ReadMe.Doc. This file contains the most basic information for
starting JEPRS. It also lists all the files you should find on the
distribution disk.
>> JEPRS.Doc. The file you are reading now: The User's Guide to
JEPRS. This is the main documentation file for the program. It
contains background information on JEPRS, system requirements,
registration information, setting up the program, tutorials on JEPRS'
main functions, and a detailed listing of each menu's options.
>> WhatsNew.Doc. New features of the latest version of JEPRS are
listed in this file.
>> Order.Doc. Printing this file on your printer produces a form
you can use to register your copy of JEPRS, as well as make comments
about the program.
>> JEPRS.Hlp. Contains the text for JEPRS' context-sensitive help
screens. If JEPRS can't find this file when it is running, you will
JEPRS User's Guide, page 10
not be able to get on-line, context-sensitive help by pressing the
[F1] key.
>> Ref1.JPR. A sample database file for JEPRS. It contains the
actual text of the database.
>> Ref1.JPK. The `key' file that goes along with the Ref1.JPR
database file. You cannot use a database file without a key file.
>> JEPRS.Cfg. A sample config (`configuration') file that contains
30 formatting definitions, printer control codes, default directory
and file name information, and user-definable Global Defaults.
**************
Installation
**********
Before installing JEPRS, make a copy of all the files on the
program disk. Never use your original disk to run the program. This is
especially true with a shareware program like JEPRS, since you must
distribute the software exactly as you received it.
If you are upgrading from version 1.0 or 1.1, please see the
chapter in the Appendix on converting Format files to Config files.
>>>>> Floppy Drive Systems <<<<<
If you don't have a hard disk, simply use your new copy disk of
JEPRS as your working disk; there's no need for any special
installation procedures. If you are updating a previous version of
JEPRS, copy the following files from the new version's disk onto your
present working disk:
JEPRS.Exe
JEPRS.Hlp
ReadMe.Doc
WhatsNew.Doc
The only file that is absolutely necessary to copy is ``JEPRS.Exe'';
however, if you want the >Help< screens to work, you must also copy
``JEPRS.Hlp'' to your work disk.
>>>>> Hard Disk Systems <<<<<
If you have a hard disk, follow these instructions to install JEPRS
on your hard disk. Once you make a copy of the original disk, insert
the copied disk into one of your floppy drives. Now make sure your
default drive is the hard disk (that is, if your hard disk is drive
C:, then enter C: at the DOS prompt). Now enter the following commands
at the DOS prompt (these commands will create a new directory called
``JEPRS'', and copy all the files on this disk to that directory):
C:\> cd \
JEPRS User's Guide, page 11
C:\> md JEPRS
C:\> cd \JEPRS
C:\JEPRS> copy a:*.*
This assumes that your disk is in floppy drive A:. Substitute a:*.*
above with whatever your floppy drive is (e.g. b:*.* if your disk is
in floppy drive B:).
Now enter dir at the DOS prompt to see if all the files are there.
If not, go through the procedure again just in case you missed a step
or entered something else by mistake.
**************
Starting JEPRS
**********
You start the program by simply entering the command ``JEPRS'' at
the DOS prompt, like this:
C:\JEPRS> JEPRS
If all goes well, three short messages will scroll onto the bottom of
the screen and the >Welcome Screen< will appear. Press [F1] to get
ordering information, or any other key to go to the >Main Menu<. (Once
you have registered your shareware version of JEPRS with the author,
you will be provided with a way to disable the opening screen.)
If you are starting JEPRS without a database (for example, when you
are creating a new one), you will get an error message stating that
JEPRS can't find the database files; this is normal. Just press [F6]
to create your own database (see below for detailed instructions on
creating your own database), [F4] to specify a new name, or [F10] to
exit the program.
>>>>> Command Line Options <<<<<
There are several command line options that you may use when
starting JEPRS. These include 1) Config file name and 2) Screen color
options. The general format for entering these options is:
C:\JEPRS> JEPRS <Config filename> /opt
where <Config filename> is a valid filename for your config file,
including a path if necessary, and /opt is any combination of screen
color options (see below).
>> Config Filename. If for some reason you wish to use a different
name for the Config file (in other words, you're not calling it
JEPRS.Cfg or it's not in the current drive and/or directory), then you
can specify its name on the command line, like this:
C:\JEPRS> JEPRS MyRefs.Cfg
This tells JEPRS to use MyRefs.Cfg as the Config file, which must be
in the current directory. If you wish, you may also specify the drive
JEPRS User's Guide, page 12
and/or directory it is in, if this is not the current one. For
example, if you keep MyRefs.Cfg in a directory called C:\PRINTER, then
start JEPRS like this:
C:\JEPRS> JEPRS C:\PRINTER\MyRefs.Cfg
This tells JEPRS not only the name of the file, but also in which
subdirectory it is located.
>> Screen Color Options. In addition to Config filenames, you can
specify one or more options dealing with the appearance of text on the
screen. The /opt shown in the command line above is any combination
of:
/A -> amber monitor with color video card
/G -> green monitor with color video card
/B -> turns blinking off in formatting
/C -> turns colors off in formatting
Actually /A and /G are the same command, but both options are provided
so that they are somewhat mnemonic. These two commands put the program
into Black and White Mode (see the >Global Defaults Menu<); that is,
all text is black, white, or gray, so that it can be properly
displayed on any monitor.
The /B option turns off the blinking attribute of italicized text
when displaying output from the >Format Menu< on the screen.
The /C option turns off the color attributes of boldface and
underlined text when displaying output from the >Format Menu< on the
screen. Boldface is normally displayed as white on cyan, and underline
is normally blue on black, but both become black on cyan when this
option is invoked.
You can mix and match options in any combination; so if you want to
use your Config file called MyRefs.Cfg (in the subdirectory called
C:\PRINTER); you hate blinking characters; and you are using an amber
monitor with a CGA video adaptor, you could start JEPRS like this:
C:\> JEPRS C:\PRINTER\MyRefs.Cfg /B/A
>>>>> Running Under Microsoft Windows <<<<<
JEPRS and Med2Go can be run under Microsoft Windows without any
modifications. You must run them as ``DOS applications'', though,
since they are not Windows-specific applications.
Here is how to set up JEPRS with its own icon in Windows version
3's Program Manager. Use the mouse to select the Program Group you
want JEPRS to appear in. Then at the Program Manager menu choose
[F]ile/[N]ew, then click on Program Item and choose [OK]. Now the
Program Item Properties dialog box appears. At the [D]escription,
enter ``JEPRS'', and at the [C]ommand Line, enter the path and
filename for JEPRS. For example, if JEPRS is on drive C: in the
directory called \JEPRS, then enter ``C:\JEPRS\JEPRS.Exe''. You can
JEPRS User's Guide, page 13
also include command-line options here (described above). For example,
if your JEPRS Config file is called MyRefs.Cfg, then you would enter
the following at [C]ommand Line:
C:\JEPRS\JEPRS.Exe C:\JEPRS\MyRefs.Cfg
You can also add a special icon for JEPRS. Click on the button that
says Change [I]con... and the Select Icon dialog box appears. At
[F]ile Name, enter the path (drive and directory) where your JEPRS
files are, specifying a file name of JEPRS.Ico. To use the same
example as before, if your JEPRS files are on drive C: in the
directory called \JEPRS, then enter ``C:\JEPRS\JEPRS.Ico'' at [F]ile
Name. Then click on View [N]ext to see what the icon looks like. Now
keep clicking on the OK buttons until you are back at the Program
Manager. You'll notice that the J! JEPRS icon is now displayed in your
program group. To start JEPRS, simply double-click on this J! icon.
**************
Creating Your Own
Database
**********
When using the tutorial, JEPRS automatically uses the sample
Ref1.JPR and Ref1.JPK database files. Now you probably want to create
your own database.
Once at the >Main Menu<, press [F2] to go to the >Global Defaults
Menu<. Press [F]iles and then [R]eference file; now enter the name
that you want for your database file (for example, MyRefs.JPR) and
press [Enter]. JEPRS will then ask you for the name of the matching
Key file, and it will automatically provide you with a default name
(such as MyRefs.JPK, in this example). You can use the arrow keys,
[Home], [End], [Insert], and [Delete] to edit the name any way you
wish. After you press [Enter] to accept the name, JEPRS will pop up
with an error message-don't worry, just press [F6] and JEPRS will
create new Database and Key files with the names you specified. Then
press [Esc] twice to return to the >Main Menu.<
And now one last thing: save the new Database & Key file names into
your Config file so you won't have to go through this whole procedure
everytime you start JEPRS. Do this now by pressing [F2] to return to
the >Global Defaults Menu<; then press [D]efaults, then press [S]ave
defaults + filenames. So from now on when you start JEPRS with the
Config file, it will automatically look for your new MyRefs.JPR and
MyRefs.JPK files.
**************
Maneuvering Through
JEPRS
**********
JEPRS User's Guide, page 14
>>>>> Screen Design <<<<<
The screen is basically divided into 5 sections; since every menu
has this same basic layout, let me describe some background about it.
>> Menu Title. The topmost line on the screen always contains the
menu title. This is meant to give you some idea of where you are in
the program, and what you can do.
>> Menu Line. The second line from the top contains a list of the
actual commands you have available to you. When the menu line is
active, the first letter of each command is highlighted and one of the
commands is completely highlighted. This is to let you know that you
can just press the highlighted letter to invoke the command, or if you
just press [Enter] then the command that is completely highlighted is
automatically invoked. You can change the highlighted command by using
the left and right arrow keys, or by pointing the mouse at the command
name and pressing the left mouse button.
>> Format/Terms/Filename Area. In the middle left of the screen,
one of three lists are displayed: either a list of possible format
styles for formatting, a list of the terms you are using for
searching, or the directory & file names you have programmed into the
Config file. On the >Main Menu<, for example, the file names are
listed.
>> Messages Window. On the bottom left side of the screen, there is
generally a messages window. It has basically two functions: To
provide you with a short description of what you can do, and a list of
the function keys you can press and what their functions are.
>> Defaults/Information. The right side of the screen lists the
current local or global defaults, and sometimes some additional
information.
>>>>> Menus & Prompt Boxes <<<<<
When you are at any of JEPRS' menus, you can change the highlighted
command with the cursor keys, but no matter what alpha-numeric key you
press, it is not actually displayed on the screen. That's because you
are entering input for a Menu.
You select a menu item in any of 3 ways:
>> Arrow keys. Use the arrow keys to highlight the item of choice,
and then press [Enter].
>> Highlight letter. Press the highlighted letter of the function
you want to invoke.
>> Mouse. Use the mouse to point to the item you wish to invoke,
then press the left mouse button.
JEPRS User's Guide, page 15
The mouse buttons have the following keystroke equivalents:
===================================================================
Left mouse button = [Enter]
Right mouse button = [Esc]
Both mouse buttons = [F1] (Help)
===================================================================
The other type of input is for a Prompt. An example of a prompt is
when you enter Search Terms on the >Search Menu<. The screen shows the
prompt ``Enter Search Terms:'' and a reverse video box is displayed.
Often, there is a default value already present; in that case, just
pressing [Enter] will cause that default value to be used.
Alternatively, you can just start typing your new entry, and the
default one will be replaced by what you type. (The mouse is not
functional at a prompt where you have to enter anything other than a
yes/no answer.)
One nice feature about prompts and their default values is that in
addition to either taking them as they are or completely replacing
them, you have the option of editing them. In order to edit text
displayed at a prompt (as oppposed to replacing it), the first key you
press must be an editing key which must be one of:
[RightArrow]
[LeftArrow]
[Ctrl + RightArrow]
[Ctrl + LeftArrow]
[Delete]
[Ctrl + End]
[Insert]
[Home]
[End]
If you press one of these keys before pressing an alpha-numeric
character key, then you can edit the text displayed after a prompt.
For example, let's say you're entering a file name on the >Global
Defaults Menu< and the old file name is
C:\Lou\Lab\JEPRS\OldFile.JPR
There are two ways to change the file name to ``NewFile.JPR''. The
first (hard) way is to just start typing the whole name in:
C:\Lou\Lab\JEPRS\NewFile.JPR
The second (easier) way is to edit the file name:
1. When the old file name is displayed, press the [End] key and
then press the [LeftArrow] key until the cursor is under the
``O'' in ``OldFile''.
2. Now press [Delete] 3 times to delete ``Old''.
3. Just type in ``New''; the display should now read:
C:\Lou\Lab\JEPRS\NewFile.JPR
4. Press [Enter] to accept your changes.
JEPRS User's Guide, page 16
This saves you a whole lot of unnecessary typing, so keep it in
mind whenever you need to change a default value at a prompt.
**************
Exiting The Program
**********
When you are done with JEPRS, return from wherever you are to the
>Main Menu< (usually by pressing [Esc]), then exit the program as
follows:
1. Press [E] . . . or . . .
2. Press [Esc] . . . or . . .
3. Use the arrow keys or the left mouse button to highlight >Exit<,
then press [Enter] . . . or . . .
4. Click the right mouse button.
When you do this, JEPRS will beep (unless you turned off the
``Error/Warning Beep'' on the >Global Defaults Menu<) and then ask you
if you really want to exit the program; if you do, press [Y] (or point
the mouse at the letter `Y' in the prompt box, and click the left
mouse button); if you don't, press [N] (or any other key or the right
mouse button). If you press [Y], you will be returned to DOS, and your
screen colors will return to what they were before JEPRS started.
Of course, the other way of exiting JEPRS is to simply shut off
your computer-but don't do that. If you turn off your computer without
exiting JEPRS, then you may lose data from your data files. So
remember, always exit JEPRS properly before turning off your computer.
JEPRS User's Guide, page 17
C H A P T E R T H R E E
_________
The Main Menu
####################################
Once you start JEPRS, and you pass the >Welcome Screen<, you are
presented with the >Main Menu< from which you can enter any of JEPRS'
commands.
#####################################
**************
System Information
**********
Notice the information on the right side of the screen labelled
``System Information.'' This provides some useful information to you
regarding the environment that JEPRS is working in. It is also
information that is useful to me if you discover any problems with the
program. If there are any problems, it is very helpful if you copy
down the information here (or press [][PrintScrn] to print it on your
printer) and send it to me along with your problem.
Each item is described briefly here:
>> Error/Warning Beep. This tells you whether the error beep is
turned on or off. You can change its setting on the >Global Defaults
Menu<.
>> Total Memory (RAM). This just informs you how much memory you
have installed in your computer. Some IBM computers display one
kilobyte less than they actually have (e.g., 639kb is displayed even
if your computer really has 640kb installed). If you're using Windows
3.0, this figure reflects Windows' allocation of memory, and may not
exactly reflect how much memory you have physically installed in your
computer. Also, JEPRS cannot detect `extended' or `expanded' memory,
so if you have this kind of memory, JEPRS doesn't know it's there and
will not report it or use it.
>> Memory Available. This tells you how much extra space JEPRS has
available to it. The bigger your database, the smaller this number.
Again, if you're using Microsoft Windows, you can edit your PIF file
settings to increase or decrease the amount of space allocated to
JEPRS. Memory Available will vary depending on how many TSR
(``Terminate & Stay Resident'') programs you have in memory, and the
JEPRS User's Guide, page 18
number of successful matches in your last search. If you have
performed a search with a large number of matches, this can tie up
memory; if you plan on sorting formatted output on the >Format Menu<,
you can free up most of your memory by deliberately performing a
search that will have only a few matches.
>> Number of references in reference file. The total number of
reference citations in your database file is reported here. When you
start a new database, it should say zero, and when you Add or Import
references, it should go up correspondingly.
>> Number of relocated references. JEPRS stores your references in
a very compact format. The only disadvantage to this method is that if
you edit any of your references to make them longer, some disk space
is wasted. When this happens, JEPRS increments the number of relocated
references by one. After you have accumulated 20 or so of these moved
references, it starts to take up valuable disk space. To see how to
get rid of these unused references, see the >Utilities/Compress
Database Menu<.
>> Version number. For version 2.50, JEPRS was released to the
public in December 1990. Always let me know what version you are using
if you report a problem.
>> Unregistered Version. If you see this on the screen, it means
you are still evaluating the shareware version of JEPRS. Shareware
means that you are free to try the program out for 30 days, after
which you must either stop using the program, or register with the
author. For information on registering with the author, please see the
file called Order.Doc, or press [F2] (>Global Defaults Menu<), then
Defaults, then Ordering information. When you register your use of
JEPRS, the ``Unregistered Version'' text will change to ``Registered
Version'', and you will be given information on how to disable the
>Opening Screen<.
>> DOS version. This tells you which version of DOS you are using
(e.g., 2.11 or 3.21) to run JEPRS.
>> Time and date. The current time and date are displayed on the
bottom of the screen.
>> Directory & Filenames. You can change any of these names at the
>Global Defaults Menu<.
JEPRS User's Guide, page 19
C H A P T E R F O U R
_________
On-Line Help System
####################################
In order to make your life as simple as possible, JEPRS provides
you with on-line context-sensitive Help screens at the press of a
key-the [F1] key.
#####################################
**************
Context-Sensitive Help
**********
At most points within JEPRS (whenever you see ``[F1]=Help'', and
sometimes even if you don't), you have the option of pressing [F1] to
get Help. General help is obtained by pressing [F1] while still at the
>Main Menu.< To obtain help with any command on the >Main Menu<,
invoke that command, and then press the [F1] function key.
After pressing [F1], you should see the Help screen on the left
portion of the display (so now you can see your Defaults on the right
side of the screen at the same time). The Help facility provides
context-sensitive help no matter where you are in the program.
>>>>> Scrolling Through Help <<<<<
After asking for help, several keys are displayed on the bottom of
the Help window: [Up Arrow], [Down Arrow], [PgUp], [PgDn], [Home],
[End], and [Esc]. Here is a short description of what each of these
keys does:
>> Up/Down Arrows. You can scroll through the text on the Help
Screen by pressing the arrow keys. Each key press moves you up or down
one line at a time. JEPRS stops when you have reached the beginning or
end of Help.
>> PgUp/PgDn. If more than one page of help text is available, you
can use these keys to page through the text 20 lines at a time.
>> Home/End. Pressing these keys will bring you to the very first
or the very last page of the help text, respectively.
JEPRS User's Guide, page 20
>> Esc. When you are finished looking at the Help screen, just
press [Esc] to return to where you were in JEPRS before you asked for
Help.
>> Mouse Functions. New in version 2.5 is the ability to use a
mouse. Pressing the right mouse button is the same as pressing [Esc];
that is, it exits you from Help. You can also use the mouse to point
to any of the key labels at the bottom of the Help window, and then
press the left mouse button to invoke the function. For example, if
you place the mouse pointer on the key label [PgDn] and press the left
mouse button, then the help text will scroll down one screen, just as
if you had pressed the [PgDn] key on your keyboard.
>>>>> The Help File <<<<<
In order for Help to work, JEPRS must be able to find the file
called ``JEPRS.Hlp''. If JEPRS can't find this file, it displays an
error message:
JEPRS.Hlp not found.
Press any key to continue.
when you try to get Help. The Help file must be in either the current
directory or the directory specified on the >Global Defaults Menu<.
Each Help file is specific for each version of JEPRS. Therefore, if
you get an update (for example, you switch from JEPRS version 2.06 to
version 2.50) you must replace the old Help file with the new one
supplied with the update. Otherwise, Help will provide incorrect
information.
JEPRS User's Guide, page 21
C H A P T E R F I V E
_________
Quick Start Tutorial
####################################
Since JEPRS is so powerful, beginners can get bogged down trying to
read the whole manual. So this chapter will take you on a quick tour
of the capabilities of the entire program. After you complete this
chapter, you should have a good feel for the overall capabilities of
JEPRS. Parts of this tutorial assume you are using the sample files
that came on your JEPRS distribution disk.
#####################################
**************
Listing References
**********
When you are at the >Main Menu<, simply press [L]ist to view the
references in your database.
You'll immediately notice that references are made up of any
combination of:
>> Title.
>> Author.
>> Journal.
>> Volume (Issue).
>> Page.
>> Year.
>> Citation Type.
>> Reference Number.
>> Editor.
>> Publisher.
>> Keywords.
Function keys that you can use are listed at the bottom of the
screen. The [Page Up] and [Page Down] keys will list the previous and
next references, respectively. When you know the number of the
reference you wish to view, you can type in the number and press
[Enter] to go immediately to that reference. You can also use the
function keys listed to send the reference to a text file, number
file, or your printer. (For more information on these files, see the
Appendix.)
This is also the place where you can edit or delete your
references. When you press [F4], you enter the edit mode, and can
JEPRS User's Guide, page 22
modify or erase the current reference. You edit references the same
way you add them, so see the section on Adding References for
information what keys you can use to edit references. If you're in
edit mode, press [Esc] to go to the menu at the top of the screen,
then select [A]bandon to return to the >List References< screen.
Press [Esc] to return to the >Main Menu<.
**************
Adding References
**********
Press [A]dd at the >Main Menu< to go to the >Add References<
screen. The screen looks very much like the >List References< screen,
and identical to the edit mode screen.
You can move around the fields, and within the fields, just like
most other programs on the market today: use the editing keys on the
right side of your keyboard. There is also a list of keys and their
functions on the bottom of the screen. If you need more help moving
around the screen, see the chapter on Adding References.
New in version 2.5 of JEPRS is the ability to edit multi-line
fields (such as the title, which can be up to 3 lines long) as if it
were one extended line. That is, if you enter text that's too long to
fit in the editing window, JEPRS will automatically scroll left and/or
right to let you see all that you're editing.
You can edit any of the fields on the screen with one exception:
the reference number. This number is assigned by JEPRS and will never
be changed. The reason is that you can use JEPRS to read your
manuscripts and automatically generate a bibliography (a new feature
in version 2.5); if you were allowed to change the reference numbers,
then JEPRS might insert the wrong reference into the bibliography that
it generates.
A nice feature of JEPRS that is missing in many other programs is
the ability to use foreign (i.e., non-English) characters in your
database. The characters that JEPRS can use are those in the IBM
``extended ASCII'' character set. To insert an extended character
(such as a greek `alpha'), first type [^P] (that is, hold down the
[Ctrl] key and press the [P] key once) and then hold down the [Alt]
key and enter the ASCII code on the number pad on the right side of
your keyboard. Since the ASCII code for `alpha' is #224, you would
hold down the [Alt] key and then press [224] and then let go of the
[Alt] key. You should now see an alpha ( ) on the screen.
When finished adding or editing the reference, press [Esc] to go to
the menu at the top of the screen. For now, press [A]bandon and then
[M]ain Menu to return to the >Main Menu<.
**************
JEPRS User's Guide, page 23
Searching References
**********
One of JEPRS' most powerful routines is its >Search Menu<. You can
perform anything from a very simple search (for example: find all
references that contain an author named Wright) to complex searches
that include AND/OR/NOT Boolean logic (such as find all references
written by Wright or Weintraub and appeared in Cell or Science or
Nature and between 1989-1990 and contain the keywords Differentiation
or Muscles).
To perform a simple search, first go to the >Search Menu< by
pressing [S]earch at the >Main Menu<. The actual searching is done by
pressing [G]o. But before you do that, you have to tell JEPRS what to
search for. The fields to search through (for example, Authors) and
the text to search for (for example, ``Wright'') are called `Terms' in
JEPRS. So, to specify your Terms for a search, press [T]erms at the
>Search Menu<.
JEPRS asks you to ``Enter Search:''. This is where you enter the
field to search through. The messages window displays a list of fields
you can enter (as well as the Boolean operators you can use). For a
simple search, just enter one field letter. Try entering an `A' for
Authors, and then press [Enter].
Next, JEPRS gives you a blank line to enter the text to search for.
Since, we'll be looking for all authors with the name `Wright', enter
`Wright' and press [Enter].
Now you're back at the menu. To start the search, just press [G]o.
While no matches are found, JEPRS will display the status in the
Messages window. Once any matches are found, JEPRS automatically
switches to the >Search Results< screen. It continues to update the
display as new references are found.
When it's done searching, you can use the up & down arrow keys to
move the cursor to each reference. The bottom of the screen lists each
function key you can use. For example, you can use function keys to
mark, print, and view each reference.
To view a reference in its entirety, just press [Enter] when the
cursor is at that reference. That will bring you to the >List< screen,
where you can view or edit the found references.
>>>>> Advanced Example <<<<<
Let's say you have to give a lecture on muscle cell determination
and differentiation. You know you have many papers in your database
that were authored by Wright, Emerson, Lassar, and Weintraub. The only
problem is that, while each of these people publish papers of
interest, they do not necessarily publish papers together. Most
programs only allow you to perform searches using and (that is, ``find
all papers by Wright and Emerson and Lassar and Weintraub'') which
JEPRS User's Guide, page 24
won't work in this case. But JEPRS can handle this with no problem.
Try the following search by pressing [T]erms at the >Search Menu< and
entering the text as follows:
Enter Search: A/A/(A+A)+Y
Wright
Emerson
Lassar
Weintraub
1985-1990
This is a search for (author = Wright) or (author = Emerson) or
(author = Lassar and author = Weintraub) and (year = 1985-1990).
Lassar & Weintraub are placed in parentheses since they are often
authors on the same papers. This kind of a search, which would be an
extremely common occurrence, is actually not possible in many other
reference management programs. And don't think that JEPRS only allows
you to do this with authors; you can do it with any and all of the
searchable fields (see the Messages window after pressing [T]erms at
the >Search Menu< to see a list of the searchable fields, or consult
the chapter on Searching).
**************
Global Defaults
**********
In addition to the `local' [D]efaults that JEPRS provides on the
>Search<, >Format<, >Import<, and >Export Menus<, JEPRS provides
>Global Defaults< that affect your entire JEPRS session. This includes
specifying printer settings, the word processor you use, whether you
want error beeping turned on or off, color vs. monochrome mode, etc.
To get to the >Global Defaults Menu<, press [F2] at any of the
>Search<, >Format<, >Import<, or >Export Menus<. To specify the word
processor that you will use (JEPRS currently supports WordPerfect 5.x
and PC-Write 3.0), choose [D]efaults/[W]ord Processor Type; then
select either [W]ordPerfect or [P]C-Write. Then press [Esc] once to
return to the menu. Now select a printer by choosing [U]se Printer #;
a pop-up menu will list the available printers. Choose the one that
most closely resembles your printer; if none of them does, you'll
probably want to look at the chapter on Global Defaults later on in
this User's Guide.
To make sure your choices are saved in the Config file, choose
[S]ave Defaults+Files at the [D]efaults menu. From now on, whenever
you start JEPRS with this Config file, these defaults will be
automatically selected for you.
One more thing about the >Global Defaults Menu<: you can
temporarily access DOS without exiting JEPRS. To do this, press [G]o
To DOS and you will get the DOS prompt; the normal DOS prompt is
modified to remind you to type `EXIT' and press [Enter] to return to
JEPRS. (If you do not have enough memory, you will get an error
JEPRS User's Guide, page 25
message; don't worry, just press any key to continue.)
Now press [Esc] until you return to the >Main Menu<.
**************
Formatting References
**********
The whole point of owning a reference management system like JEPRS
is to format the references in a variety of format styles. So what can
JEPRS do in terms of formatting? Quite a bit, actually.
At the >Main Menu<, press [F]ormat to go to the >Format Menu<. As
with searching, formatting is started by pressing [G]o. But you'll
want to specify some parameters before you start.
First of all, you'll want to tell JEPRS which of the 30 format
styles to use. So press [F]ormat at the >Format Menu< to access the
format style selection menu. Use the up & down arrows and the [Page
Up] & [Page Down] keys to select the style you want (the arrowhead
will move to show you which one is currently selected). Then press
[Enter] to confirm your choice, and you will be returned to the
>Format Menu<.
JEPRS lets you specify the source and destination of the
references. To specify the source of the references to format, press
[I]nput, and then choose from the pop-up menu; for now, choose
[R]eference file, and then press [Enter] twice to accept the defaults
(first and last references, inclusive). To specify the destination of
the formatted references, press [O]utput, and then choose from the
menu; for now, choose [S]creen, and then press [Y]es; and press [Esc]
to return to the >Format Menu<.
Now press [G]o to start the formatting. The screen will clear, and
the formatted references will start to scroll across the screen. Press
[Scroll Lock] to halt the screen (JEPRS is probably one of the few
programs you use where the [Scroll Lock] key actually has a function).
To re-start the formatting, just press the [Scroll Lock] key again.
You'll notice that the text appears in different colors, unless the
Global Default for [F]ormat screen colors has been turned off. Since
your PC screen can't display italics, underlining, subscripts, and
superscripts, I have resorted to displaying each of these attributes
in a different color. Normal text is black on cyan, bold is white on
cyan, and underlined is blue on black. If you send this to your
printer (using [O]utput=[P]rinter), then these attributes would appear
on the printed output (but make sure your printer is set up first, at
the >Global Defaults Menu<).
If you stopped the text from scrolling, then press [Scroll Lock] to
get it going again. Then press [Esc] to abandon formatting, and answer
[Y]es to the dialog box that asks you if you really want to terminate
formatting. This will return you to the >Format Menu<.
JEPRS User's Guide, page 26
The >Format Menu< is where you do all formatting in JEPRS, except
for exporting references in MedLine format. If you wanted to send the
output to a PC-Write 3.0 or WordPerfect 5.x file, then you would
specify [O]utput=[W]ordProcFile. Likewise, direct printer output would
be sent by specifying [O]utput=[P]rinter.
>>>>> Automatic Bibliography Generation <<<<<
Beginning with version 2.5, JEPRS can ``read'' your manuscript and
automatically generate a bibliography based on the reference numbers
you place in the manuscript; it can then go back and replace those
numbers with either (a) Author+Year or (b) Sequential Number
citations. Only WordPerfect 5.x and PC-Write 3.0 are supported for
this feature. An additional limitation is that JEPRS cannot replace
citations that occur in WordPerfect Text Boxes (JEPRS can find the
references there, but it cannot go back and replace them with
citations). You specify the manuscript file that you want JEPRS to
read by entering its file name on JEPRS' >Global Defaults Menu< (under
[F]iles/[W]ord processor input file).
To automatically generate a bibliography in this manner, you first
go into your manuscript using your word processor (either WordPerfect
5.x or PC-Write 3.0), and wherever you want a reference citation, you
enter {J#0000}, where `0000' is the JEPRS reference number you want to
cite. For example, if you want to cite JEPRS reference number 144,
then you would enter {J#144} into the manuscript. Then save the file
and exit your word processor.
Now start up JEPRS, and at the >Main Menu< press [F2] go to the
>Global Defaults Menu<, press [F]iles/[W]ord processor input file,
enter the name of your manuscript file and press [Enter]; then press
[Esc ]to get back to the >Global Defaults Menu<. (If you haven't
already specified your Word processor type, do that now at the >Global
Defaults Menu<: press [D]efaults/[W]ordProcessorType, and then select
your word processor.) Now press [Esc] until you return to the >Main
Menu<. Press [F]ormat, then [I]nput, then [W]ord Processor file. (Now
select your [O]utput and [F]ormat Styles as you normally would.) When
you press [G]o to start, JEPRS will search through your word processor
manuscript for the codes you entered, and automatically generate the
bibliography.
After first asking for confirmation, JEPRS will then go back into
your file and replace the codes you entered (such as {J#144}) with
either an Author+Year citation or Sequential Numbers. JEPRS will not,
however, modify your original manuscript. It creates a copy of your
original manuscript, and modifies only the copy. So now use your word
processor to retrieve the modified copy to see what it looks like.
JEPRS names the modifed copy as *.New; in other words, if your
manuscript was called CHAP_ONE.DOC, then JEPRS will name the modified
version CHAP_ONE.NEW.
How does JEPRS know whether to replace your codes with Author+Year
JEPRS User's Guide, page 27
or Sequential Number citations? The Format Styles specify whether
Author+Year or Sequential Numbers are used. You can go back and modify
your Format Styles by pressing [F2] to go to the >Global Defaults
Menu<, then select [D]efaults/[J]ournal Definitions, and then select
the number of the format style you want to use. Press the [Tab] key
until you are in the field called ``Replace WP Code With:'', and then
choose [A]uthor+Year or [N]umbers. Then press [Esc] to go to the menu
at the top of the screen, and press [S]ave to save the format. Now
press [Esc] until you return to the >Main Menu<.
**************
Importing References
**********
In this section of the chapter, I will describe how to use both
PaperChase and ISI's Current Contents on Diskette to create MedLine
formatted Import files, and then show how to add the Import file into
your JEPRS database file. The basic concepts provided in this section
of the chapter should be applicable to you even if you use other on-
line or CD-ROM based systems. See the additional documentation on
Med2Go to see how to convert other format types (ERIC, Psyclit, and
comma-delimited) to MedLine, so that JEPRS can import them.
>>>>> Creating an Import file with PaperChase <<<<<
PaperChase is an easy to use, menu-driven, on-line system for
accessing the National Library of Medicine's MedLine reference
database. PaperChase is available through CompuServe Information
Services (Go PCH), and also directly through Beth Israel Hospital in
Boston, Massachusetts. Your local medical center library would
probably have information on accessing this system.
I will now assume that you have successfully completed one or more
on-line searches with PaperChase. While still logged on to PaperChase,
choose `P' from the Main Menu for ``Put all references on print
queue''. Then choose `E' for ``Exit PaperChase to print''.
A menu is then displayed for Print Options. At this menu, choose #2
``National Library of Medicine format'' (this is the MedLine format).
The final menu in PaperChase will be titled ``Include on Printout .
. . ''. You have 4 choices:
1) References only
2) References plus abstracts
3) References plus Medical Subject Headings
4) References + abstracts + Medical Subject Headings
Remember that the system charges extra if you download abstracts, but
there is no extra charge for Medical Subject Headings. Therefore, I
would suggest you always use #3 or #4. If you do, then when you import
the file into JEPRS, JEPRS will convert the Medical Subject Headings
into Keywords automatically.
JEPRS User's Guide, page 28
After choosing #3 or #4 above, PaperChase then gives you
instructions for downloading to a file. Follow these instructions
exactly, and make a note of the filename you used for your downloaded
references. This filename will become the Import file for JEPRS. Now
go ahead to the section called ``Retrieving an Import File into
JEPRS''.
>>>>> Creating an Import File with Current Contents on Diskette
(CCOD) <<<<<
Current Contents on Diskette (CCOD) is a PC-based system for
looking at weekly updates of the scientific literature. This section
of the tutorial will teach you how to create a MedLine formatted
Import file while using CCOD version 1.3. It will then describe in
detail how to bring that Import file into your JEPRS database.
Start CCOD the way you normally do (usually by entering `CC' at the
DOS prompt), then load one of your weekly issues of Current Contents
into the program by selecting [C]CIssue, then [O]pen Back CC
Issue . . . , then choose the specific issue you want from the menu
and press [Enter]; it will then verify your choice and tell you it's
ready; at that point, press any key to continue, then [Esc] to the
>Main Menu<, then press [S]earch, then [S]earch Session. Now define a
new search profile or run an old profile, then press [F5] to view the
results of your search. Press [V]iew to switch back and forth between
full-screen and 1-line entries. Use the arrow keys to move the
highlight bar around, then press [I] (for P[I]C) at each reference you
want to import into JEPRS, or press [M]arkAll if you want to import
them all.
To create the actual MedLine formatted file, continue as follows.
Press [F]ile, and at the pop-up FILE menu, choose [S]ave, and then
[A]ll records (that means all P[I]Ced records). Select [F]ile Format,
and then [N]LM-MedLine; at File [n]ame, enter the name of the file to
contain the exported references (this will become JEPRS' Import file).
Now choose [A]ppend/Overwrite, and select either [A]ppend or
[O]verwrite, depending on whether you wish to save previous references
in the export file. Finally, press [Enter] to start the export.
>>>>> Retrieving an Import File into JEPRS <<<<<
Start up JEPRS the way you normally do. Press [U]tilities, then
press [F2] to get to the >Global Defaults Menu<. Press [F]iles, and
then [I]mport file, and then enter the name of the Import file (the
file you just sent your references into, using either PaperChase or
Current Contents on Diskette). Remember that you can enter just a
filename, or a whole file specification, including drive and directory
information. For example, JEPRS comes with a sample MedLine file
called ProComm.Log. After entering the Import filename, press [Enter].
Press [Esc] once to return to the >Global Defaults Menu<, and once
again to return to the >Utilities Menu<.
JEPRS User's Guide, page 29
At the >Utilities Menu<, press [I]mport to get to the >Import
Menu<. Look at the right side of the screen: is the default called
``Edit references before importing'' set to Yes or No? If Yes, then
when you press [G]o to start importing, JEPRS will stop at each
reference and allow you to discard it or edit it before importing it;
if No, then JEPRS will import all of the references in the Import file
at once. For the purposes of this tutorial, set this to [N]o. Press
[G]o to start the importing process.
I have noticed that CCOD has a quirk: It capitalizes the first
letter of each word in the title and every other letter is lowercase.
Not only is this inconsistent with most other programs, they even go
so far as to capitalize an abbreviation, such as `ATP', like this:
`Atp' which is obviously wrong.
Because of this quirk, I suggest you set [D]efaults/-[E]dit
references before importing=[Y]es at the >Import Menu< in JEPRS. This
allows you to modify your reference citations during importing. Of
course, if this quirk doesn't bother you, then you can set [E]dit
references before importing=[N]o, if you wish.
Importing was easy, wasn't it? So easy, in fact, that you may not
have noticed something. Some reference management programs require you
to ``clean up'' your Import file before actually importing it. But
JEPRS is smart enough to gloss over all the useless information (it
just ignores the small amount of text that PaperChase and other
systems add to the file). This is just part of JEPRS's continuing
philosophy of making your life as easy as possible-let JEPRS do the
hard work for you.
**************
Exporting References
********** JEPRS has the capability to
export references in the MedLine format, which is done at the >Export
Menu<, available through the >Utilities Menu<. It can also produce
comma-delimited output at the >Format Menu<. This part of the tutorial
will show you how to use the exporting function of JEPRS.
>>>>> Creating a Number File in a Search <<<<<
You may be wondering what a Number File and a Search have to do
with exporting references! Actually, neither are required for
exporting, but they do show some of the flexibility and advanced
features of JEPRS. Therefore, I'll include them in this section of the
tutorial chapter.
Let's say you are talking with a colleague, and she wants to find
out more about the work of a scientist named Wright. You mention that
you have a database full of Wright's references, and volunteer to give
them to your colleague. This calls for exporting the references from
JEPRS User's Guide, page 30
JEPRS. The easiest way to do this is to do a search for ``Wright'' in
authors, send the numbers of the found references to a Number File,
and then use the Number File as the source for the reference numbers
in a JEPRS Export.
To do this, press [S]earch at JEPRS' >Main Menu<. At the >Search
Menu<, press [T]erms, then enter an [A] (for Author search) and press
[Enter]. Then enter Wright and press [Enter] again. Then press [G]o to
start the search.
When the search is finished, press [F5] to Mark all the found
references, then press [F8] to send them to a Number File. (If you get
an error message stating that the file already exists, press [F4] to
specify a new file name, and call it ``Wright.Num''.) Now press [Esc]
twice to return to the >Main Menu<.
>>>>> Exporting the Found References <<<<<
Now that you've sent the references you found in a search to a
Number File, you can export them. When you're at the >Main Menu<,
press [U]tilities and then [E]xport to get to the >Export Menu<. Since
the numbers of the references that you want to export are in the
Number File, you'll have to specify that as the Input, or source of
the reference numbers. So press [I]nput and then [N]umber file to tell
JEPRS where to find the reference numbers. For now, leave the default
output as the screen.
Just press [G]o to start the exporting. Since you specified the
screen as output, the references aren't really exported; they're just
formatted and sent to the screen. To send them to an Export File,
select [O]utput from the menu, then select [T]ext file and answer
[Y]es at the menu.
So where will JEPRS send the contents of the Text File? Actually,
at the >Export Menu<, a Text File is a special case: it's called an
Export File. You specify the name of the Export File at the >Global
Defaults Menu<; the default name is JEPRS.Exp. That's where the Wright
references have been sent.
That's it for exporting; press [Esc] twice to return to the >Main
Menu<.
JEPRS User's Guide, page 31
C H A P T E R S I X
_________
Global Defaults
####################################
The purpose of the >Global Defaults Menu< is to allow you to modify
virtually every aspect of JEPRS' working environment, to better suit
it to your personal needs. Everything on this menu can be saved in
your Config file; in this way, once you define your work environment,
JEPRS will act the way you want it to. You won't have to modify these
variables every time you start up JEPRS because it will read them in
from your Config file automatically.
#####################################
The >Global Defaults Menu< is accessible from the >Main Menu<, the
>Search Menu<, the >Format Menu<, and the >Utilities Menu<. On the
right side of the screen, you will see all the Defaults that are
accessible from the [D]efaults choice on this menu. In addition,
``Available space on default drive'' tells you how many bytes of space
are left to use on the current disk drive. If you're getting low on
space, you might want to keep track of this number to make sure you
don't try to add references if there is no space left on your disk.
``Total disk space on default drive'' tells you how many total bytes
your drive is capable of holding.
The next few sections of this chapter will explain how to go about
changing, and then saving, the global defaults.
>>>>> Files <<<<<
This option allows you to change the names of any of the files that
you are using in JEPRS. This prevents you from having to exit the
program just to use a different data file, for example. Note that when
you first start JEPRS, it immediately looks for the Config file on the
current directory with the name ``JEPRS.Cfg'' (unless you specify a
different name on the command line; see the chapter Setting Up JEPRS,
especially the sections Starting JEPRS/Command Line Options). If JEPRS
can't find the Config file, it uses default names for all of JEPRS's
files. The default names are:
Reference File: Ref1.JPR
WP Input File: (None)
Output WP File: (None)
JEPRS User's Guide, page 32
Text File: JEPRS.Txt
Number File: JEPRS.Num
Config File: JEPRS.Cfg (or whatever you entered on the command
line)
Import File: ProComm.Log
Export File: JEPRS.Exp
In addition, you can enter a drive and directory name. If you do
so, then anytime JEPRS goes looking for a file (for example, the Text
file), it will first look in the directory specified in the Text file
name; if none was specified, then JEPRS looks in the current default
directory. If JEPRS doesn't find it there, then it looks in the
directory specified in the Drive and directory name. On the other
hand, when JEPRS creates files (such as Text and Number files) then it
just uses the filename specified (and if no Drive and Directory was
specified, then it uses the current DOS directory).
>> Changing a file name. To change a file name, press the first
(highlighted) letter of the file type, or just highlight the file type
using the up and down arrow keys and then press [Enter]. You will be
prompted for the new name of the file in a pop-up dialog box. Note
that the old name is displayed there so that you can edit it. Edit the
old name or just type in a completely new name, then press [Enter]
when finished. The filenames you enter here are only temporary; if you
want to make them permanent, you can save them in your Config file.
For instructions, see the section below on [D]efaults/[S]ave
defaults+files.
If you change the name of the Reference file, you will be
prompted for both the Reference and the RefKey file names, since they
are specific for each other. JEPRS is smart enough to give the same
name for each file, except for the extension (*.JPR for the Reference
file, and *.JPK for the Ref Key file). You don't have to use *.JPR and
*.JPK as the file extensions, but if you don't then JEPRS will not
automatically use the same file names.
>>>>> Defaults <<<<<
When you select [D]efaults, a pull-down menu appears. Just like
every other pull-down menu in JEPRS, use the up and down arrow keys
and the [PgUp] and [PgDn] keys to scroll through the choices and press
[Enter] to make a choice (or just press the highlighted letter). There
are a number of items JEPRS lets you configure:
>> Error/warning beep. This allows you to turn JEPRS' beeping on or
off. Whenever you type an incorrect command, or at various other times
when JEPRS wants your attention, it will beep at you. If for some
reason you wish JEPRS wouldn't do that (you're working late at night
for example), just select [N]o, and JEPRS will never beep at you.
>> Text file formatting. There are several places at which JEPRS
allows you to send formatted output to a Text file. In most cases,
JEPRS User's Guide, page 33
JEPRS will send only your text, and not any printer codes. However,
when you direct Output to a Text file at the >Format Menu<, JEPRS has
the ability to include the printer codes. That way, you can send your
output to a file, and then use the MS-DOS Print command to print it
later (for example if the printer is already busy, or if you want to
print it on a different machine). If [T]ext file formatting=[Y]es,
then printer codes will be sent to the Text file; if [N]o, then
printer codes will not be sent to the Text file.
>> Use printer #. Beginning with version 2.0, JEPRS allows you to
define up to 5 printers. This menu option lets you choose which of
those printer definitions to use. After invoking this command, a menu
of 5 printers is displayed. Use the arrow keys and [PgUp] and [PgDn]
to move among the entries, and then press [Enter]. Or just enter the
number of the printer you want to use. If you press [Esc], then your
previous choice is not changed. If you will be routinely sending
output to a word processor file instead of the printer, then there is
no need to select a printer definition.
>> Save defaults+files. Whenever you change any of the Global
Defaults, they are retained in your computer's memory, but they are
not permanently saved in your Config file. If you would like to save
them, select this command from the menu. When your defaults and files
have been successfully saved, the menu will automatically disappear.
For a list of all the defaults that are saved with this command, see
the appendix chapter on JEPRS' Files, especially the subsection called
Config file.
>> Journal Definitions/Format Style Definitions. Your Config file
is capable of storing up to 30 Format Styles (that you use on the
>Format Menu<). This option lets you change the definitions to
anything you like. For more information on editing these definitions
see the section below called Editing Journal Definitions/Format
Styles.
>> Printer Definitions. The Config file can store up to 5 Printer
Definitions. This option permits you to edit your definitions to best
suit your printer. For more information on editing your printer
definitions, see the section below called Editing Printer Definitions.
>> Colors for screen. This menu section lets you specify screen
colors and attributes. When you choose this command, a sub-menu
appears: you can then choose [T]ext color/B&W mode, [F]ormatting
colors, and [B]linking.
[T]ext color/B&W mode lets you choose a video mode. In color mode,
JEPRS uses colors; in black and white mode, all the screen text is
converted to black, white, and one shade of gray. Here is a brief list
of recommendations:
[Video Monitor Video Card Color Mode]
JEPRS User's Guide, page 34
Color CGA, EGA, MCGA, VGA Color
Amber, Green, or White CGA, EGA, MCGA, Mono B&W
(any one-color screen,
VGA Color
including portables)
There are some notable exceptions to these general rules. For
example, both Compaq and Zenith have CGA cards that display different
shades of gray on one-color monitors (amber, green, or white). In that
case, the Color mode would probably look best.
[F]ormatting colors affects the look of the screen when you format
references at the >Format Menu<. If this is set to [C]olors for
formatting, then normal text is displayed as black on cyan, bold text
is white on cyan, and underlined text is represented as blue on black.
If this is set to [N]o colors for formatting, then all text appears as
black on cyan.
[B]linking is similar to the [F]ormatting colors command, except
that it controls how italic text is represented on the >Format Menu<.
If this is set to [Y]es, then italic text is represented by blinking
text; if set to [N]o, then blinking is turned off, regardless of
italics.
>> Form-feed to printer. Sometimes you may want to eject the last
sheet of paper from your printer. This command allows you to do that
without having to get up and walk over to your printer. Just press
[Y]es to send the form-feed, or any other character to return to the
pull-down menu.
>> Ordering information. This choice presents you with details of
how to order the latest version of JEPRS from the author. Remember:
JEPRS is shareware, it is not free software. If you haven't already
done so, you should register your use of JEPRS with the author if you
are past the 30-day evaluation period.
>> Word Processor Type. Version 2.5 of JEPRS now supports the
reading and writing of WordPerfect 5.x and PC-Write 3.0 documents. Use
this option to tell JEPRS what kind of word processor you use. This
option is only necessary if you use [I]nput=[W]ordProcFile on the
>Format Menu<, or [O]utput=[W]ordProcFile on the >Search Menu< or
>Format Menu<.
>>>>> Go to DOS <<<<<
Go to DOS allows you to temporarily exit JEPRS and return to DOS
(your computer's operating system). This would be useful, for example,
to get a directory listing without having to exit from JEPRS. Whenever
you use this command, however, don't forget to type ``Exit'' and then
JEPRS User's Guide, page 35
press [Enter] to return to JEPRS. In fact, JEPRS will now modify your
DOS prompt to remind you to return to the program.
One thing to remember when using this option: Do not run a TSR
(Terminate & Stay Resident) program (like SideKick) when you use this
command. If you do so, and then return to JEPRS, your computer will
likely crash. If you want to load a TSR program, you should exit JEPRS
completely, by going to the >Main Menu< and pressing [E]xit.
An improvement to the [G]o to DOS command in version 2.0 was JEPRS'
use of the COMSPEC specification from your DOS CONFIG.SYS file. This
change will not affect most users. But if you are a ``power user'' and
you use a DOS command processor that is not the standard COMMAND.COM
(such as if you use 4DOS or DR-DOS), then now JEPRS will successfully
call this file via the COMSPEC specification. In previous versions,
JEPRS just looked for a file called COMMAND.COM in the DOS path.
**************
Editing Printer Definitions
**********
A variety of printers are supported by JEPRS in the Config file
which comes with the program. If your printer is not one of the pre-
defined ones, or you want to add extra features, then you can easily
modify any or all of the 5 available printer definitions.
Note: If you plan on sending all of your JEPRS output to a Word
Processor File, then there is no need to bother defining printer
commands. Simply retrieve the Word Processor File into your word
processor.
===================================================================
***** ADVANCED TOPIC: *****
Why five printer definitions?
There are at least two reasons why you might want more than one
printer definition. One easy example is that you have a laser printer
at work and a dot matrix printer at home. By combining all your
formatting and printing commands in one file, JEPRS prevents you from
having to have a new set of Config files for each printer; you just
modify the existing printer definitions to suit your needs.
Secondly, you could specify one printer definition for Comma-
delimited output. In this case, you would later direct this output to
a Text file rather than your printer.
===================================================================
To edit your printer definition(s), go to the >Global Defaults
Menu<, choose [D]efaults/[P]rinter definitions. A pop-up menu will
appear, listing the five pre-defined printer definitions. Choose one
of the definitions by using the arrow keys and pressing [Enter] or
just entering the number of the printer. Brief help is available by
JEPRS User's Guide, page 36
pressing [F1]. If you want to use the current printer definition, just
press [Esc].
After selecting a printer to edit, you are presented with the
>Modify Printer Formats< screen. Here is where you can enter all your
printer-specific information. Check your printer manual for the codes
you need to enter for underlining, boldface, etc.
>>>>> Entering Printer Codes <<<<<
Many printer codes cannot be entered directly by the keyboard. For
example, if one of your printer codes was <Esc>, you couldn't just
press [Esc] to enter that code, because JEPRS would interpret that
<Esc> as the command to go to the menu at the top of the screen. To
enter a special printer code, first press ^P; that is, hold down the
[Ctrl] key and tap the [P] key once. Then enter your code. (This is
similar to the way WordStar and SideKick allow you to enter printer
codes.) Let me give you a quick example. Let's say your printer manual
tells you to enter the following code to turn underlining on:
<Esc>&d3D
. . . and the following code to turn underlining off:
<Esc>&d@
You would enter the first code like this:
^P
Esc
&
d
3
D
. . . and the second code like this:
^P
Esc
&
d
@
.where each line represents a single character (that is, ``^P'' means
hold down the [Ctrl] key and press [P], and ``Esc'' means press the
[Esc] key).
You can also enter codes by using the [Alt] key and the number pad
on the right side of the screen. For example, some printer manuals
tell you the printer commands in ``decimal'' format. In this system,
for example, <Esc> is represented by the number 27; this is also the
system used by the ``CHR$'' command in the BASIC computer language
(that is, <Esc> would be ``CHR$(27)''). You can enter these by first
pressing [^P], then while holding down the [Alt] key, pressing [2] and
then [7] on the number pad (not the numbers on the top row of the
keyboard) and then letting go of the [Alt] key.
JEPRS User's Guide, page 37
>>>>> Modify Printer Formats <<<<<
Here is a brief description of each of the fields listed on the
>Modify Printer Formats< screen.
>> Printer Number. You cannot change this number; it is set by
JEPRS. This number allows you to pick this printer at the [U]se
printer # command on the >Global Defaults Menu<.
>> Printer Name. Enter the name of your printer. This name will
appear next to the printer number on the printer selection menu.
>> Printer Initialization Code. You can enter a code here that will
be sent to your printer every time you send output to the printer at
the >Format Menu<. For example, you may want to specify a certain
font, or character pitch, or otherwise initialize your printer.
>> Printer Reset Code. This code will be sent to your printer every
time printer output is finished when you are at the >Format Menu<.
>> Title. This text and/or codes will be sent to the printer as the
title for the first (and only the first) page of output. You may want
to enter something like ``Reference List'' or ``Bibliography'' in this
space. If you choose [O]utput=[W]ordProcFile on the >Search Menu< or
>Format Menu<, then this title will be sent to your word processor
output file with a ``Large'' attribute (i.e., in WordPerfect 5.x, it
will appear with the ``Large'' codes; in PC-Write 3.0, it will appear
``Double Wide'').
>> Header. This text and/or codes is sent to the printer as the top
line of every page of output. There is also one special code you can
enter: ``\P''. If that code appears anywhere on the line, it will
automatically be replaced with the page number (you can set the
starting page number on the >Format Menu<). For example, you may want
to enter something like:
JEPRS output 18 Nov 1990, page \P
>> Left Margin. Enter the number of characters you want JEPRS to
skip to make a left margin. For example, if you enter ``0'', then
JEPRS will start printing at the very left edge of the page; if you
enter ``12'', JEPRS will skip 12 spaces before printing each line.
>> Characters per line. This is the number of characters printed on
each line before starting on the next line. Example: You're printing
on 8.5 x 11 inch paper; your printer prints at 10 cpi (characters per
inch); your left margin is 10 characters (= 1 inch); and you want a
right margin of 1 inch. In this case, you should specify ``65'' as the
Characters per line, since there is a total of 85 characters per line
(8.5 inches x 10 char/inch), you have a left margin of 10 characters
(1 inch) and you wanted your right margin to be 1 inch (85 - 10 - 10 =
65).
JEPRS User's Guide, page 38
Things get a little tricky if your printer prints a proportionally
spaced font (like a laser printer's Times Roman typeface). Since each
character's width is different, you'll just have to play around with
the line length number until you get a number that is large enough so
that it doesn't leave too wide a right margin, yet small enough that
it doesn't chop letters off the right hand side. And if you enter your
Keywords in ALL CAPITALS remember that these are much wider than
lowercase letters and you'll have to allow for this when printing. If
you want to print keywords in ALL CAPS then I suggest that either you
use a non-proportional (fixed-spacing) font or that you send the
format to a Text file (instead of to the printer) or a Word Processor
Output file.
>> Pause after each page. For most printers, you would choose [N]o
here. However, for printers in which you have to hand feed each
individual sheet of paper, set this to [Y]es. When this value is
[Y]es, then when JEPRS finishes printing one page at the >Format
Menu<, it will ask you to feed the next sheet of paper and press
[Enter] before it starts printing the next page.
>> Top margin. This is the number of spaces to be skipped at the
top of each page. For example, if your printer is set for printing 6
lines per inch and you want to leave a 1-inch top margin, then enter 6
here.
>> Lines per page. Enter the number of lines per page, not
including the top margin or header. Let's use the example again of a
printer with 6 lines per vertical inch. On an 11-inch piece of paper,
that's a total of 66 lines. If you set Top margin to 6, then you're
left with 60 lines. But then JEPRS prints the Header and skips 3 lines
automatically, so now you're down to 57 lines. If you want to leave a
1-inch bottom margin (6 lines) then you're down to 51 lines: this is
the number you should enter for Lines per page.
>> Form feed last page. If you want JEPRS to eject the final
printed page from your printer, then choose [Y]es here.
>> Underline/Bold/Italic/Superscript/Subscript On/Off. Enter the
codes your printer requires to start and stop each of these special
features. See the earlier section called Entering Printer Codes that
describes how to use the [^P] key to enter codes here.
>> Comments. This is two lines of text where you can enter any
comments you want. These comments are for your information only; JEPRS
ignores them completely when formatting. You might want to enter
information like what your Initialization and Reset codes mean in
English.
>>>>> Saving Your Definitions <<<<<
When finished editing your printer definition, press [Esc] to get
to the menu at the top of the screen. As usual, you may press [H]elp
JEPRS User's Guide, page 39
to get help. Otherwise press [S]ave to save your printer definition,
press [E]dit to modify a different definition (see Advanced Topic,
below), or press [Esc] to return to the >Global Defaults Menu<.
===================================================================
***** ADVANCED TOPIC: *****
Keeping Definitions in Memory or Disk
If you don't [S]ave your definition, then it still stays in your
computer's memory, but it will be erased under two conditions:
1. You exit JEPRS.
2. You choose a printer definition again. Let me give an example.
Let's say you edited printer definition #2, and you're now at the menu
at the top of the screen. Then you press [Esc] without [S]aving, so
the modified printer definition #2 is still in memory and the original
printer definition #2 is still in your Config file. If you then access
the printer selection menu (either by pressing [U]se printer #, or by
pressing [P]rinter definitions, at the >Global Defaults Menu<) and
select #2 and press [Enter], then the original #2 is read in from your
Config file and replaces the modified #2 that was in memory. On the
other hand, if you're at the printer selection menu and you press
[Esc] (instead of choosing #2 again) then the modified #2 is kept in
memory and you can edit it (or [S]ave it) again.
===================================================================
**************
Editing Format Styles (Journal Definitions)
**********
You can create up to 30 different Format Styles/Journal Definitions
in JEPRS. These various formats are used for selecting the style of
output at the >Format Menu<. To edit any of them, go to the >Global
Defaults Menu<, choose [D]efaults, and then [J]ournal definitions. A
pop-up menu will appear from which you can select any of the 30 Format
styles. To select one, use the up & down arrow keys, [PgUp] & [PgDn],
and [Enter] to select. Or, just enter the number of the style you wish
to edit. If you instead press [Esc], the previously selected style
will be used.
===================================================================
***** ADVANCED TOPIC: *****
Using More Than 30 Format Styles
JEPRS' ability to use up to 30 Format Styles within one Config file
is more than enough for most users. However, sometimes people ask if
somehow more than 30 can be accomodated. The answer is `Yes'.
JEPRS User's Guide, page 40
You can do it by simply making copies of your Config file at the
DOS prompt. Then when you start up JEPRS, specify the name of the
Config file you want to use on the command line (see the section in
Chapter Two called Starting JEPRS/Command Line Options for more
details).
For example, if your Config file is called JEPRS.Cfg, then use the
DOS copy command to create another one with a different name:
C:\JEPRS> Copy JEPRS.Cfg MyRefs.Cfg
Remember to create these copies only after you have set up your
printer definition(s) and other defaults. This way, you won't have to
redefine them for each copy you make.
===================================================================
Once you select a Format style to edit, you will be placed at the
>Modify Journal Formats< screen. Here is where you can directly edit
any aspect of the Format styles/Journal definitions. You can enter any
normal text, any of the codes listed at the bottom of the screen, or
any non-standard character by using the [^P] key (see the previous
section, >Editing Printer Definitions< for information on entering
special codes with the [^P] key).
Here is a brief run-down of each field.
>> Journal Name. Enter the name of the Format style. This name will
be displayed on the pop-up menu that lets you choose among the thirty
Format styles.
>> Number. This is the number of the Format style. You cannot
modify this number.
>> Sort Reference. New with version 2.5 is the ability to sort
output by author, journal, or year. If you choose [A]uthor, [J]ournal,
or [Y]ear here, output references will be sorted by author, journal,
or year, respectively, before being sent to the output device(s)
selected at the >Format Menu<. If [N]one is selected, then no sorting
is done.
>> Indent Length. The number of characters each continuation line
is indented beyond the left margin defined in the printer definition.
If this number is zero, then no indenting is done:
1. SA Jones & ME Smith (1989) Fake references and you, Journal of
Irreproducible Results
If this number is set to 5, for example, then five spaces would be
skipped on the 2nd and additional lines:
1. SA Jones & ME Smith (1989) Fake
references and you, Journal of
JEPRS User's Guide, page 41
Irreproducible Results
If this value is set to anything other than zero, and you send
output to the Output Word Processor File, then an <Indent> code will
be placed in the file.
>> Replace WP codes with:. If you select [I]nput=[W]ord Proc File
at the >Format Menu<, then JEPRS can, at your option, go back into
your word processor document and replace your JEPRS codes with either
an Author+Year citation or Sequential Numbers. This option is where
you select either [A]uthor+Year or [N]umbers. For example, if you
select [A]uthor+Year and tell JEPRS to replace your codes at the
>Format Menu<, then JEPRS would replace a {J#123} code with Miranda,
et al. (1992).
>> Periods for Initials:. New in version 2.5 of JEPRS is the
ability to add periods after authors' initials. For example, if you
have an author entered as ``Miranda LM'', then JEPRS can make it look
like ``Miranda L.M.'' when it is formatted. To turn this feature on,
select [A]dd periods; otherwise select [N]o periods.
>> Journal/Abstract/Book. This is where you enter the codes (listed
at the bottom of the screen) that tell JEPRS how to format your
journal, book, and abstract articles. First, here's some basic
information you should know about entering formats:
The first set of characters you enter on a line (before the first
space) will be used to connect the names of the authors if there is
more than one. For example, if you start off the defintion with ``and
'' (don't forget the space), then when multiple authors are listed for
a reference they will be printed as ``WE Wright and LM Miranda''. On
the other hand, if you start off the definition with ``& '', then
multiple authors will be printed like this: ``WE Wright & LM
Miranda''. I can't imagine using anything other than ``and '' or ``&
'' to connect the authors, but if you do, realize that it can't be any
more than 10 characters long and it can't have spaces within it.
Any character that is not a special code will be printed exactly as
is. For example, if your definition is ``and \L (\Y).\/\/'' then a
sample output would be:
WE Wright and LM Miranda (1988).
(yes, that's right; the last two line feed characters (\/\/) create an
extra blank line; also, the year is enclosed in parentheses, just as
you specified in the definition). The best way to understand how
definitions work is to print out sample ones using the >Format Menu<,
and compare the output to the codes in the Format style definition.
After comparing them carefully, you'll get a better feel for how the
system works.
JEPRS User's Guide, page 42
>>>>> Format Style Codes <<<<<
Here is a complete rundown of what the special codes in the Format
styles are for.
>> \F. Place authors in output, first name first (e.g., ``LM
Miranda, VK Lin and WE Wright'').
>> \L. Place authors in output, last name first (e.g., ``Miranda,
LM, Lin, VK, and Wright, WE'').
>> \1. Place authors in output, last name first for the first
author, first name first for each additional author (e.g., ``Miranda,
LM, VK Lin and WE Wright'').
>> \A. Place authors in output without any modifications (that is,
don't add the ``and '' or ``& '' or extra commas). This would likely
only be used for comma-delimited output.
>> \T. Place title in output.
>> \J. Place journal name in output.
>> \N. Place reference number in output. For example, reference #22
would have a ``22'' in front of it, reference #67 would have a ``67''
in front of it, each regardless of its relative position in the
output. (See also `\#', below.)
>> \C. Place citation type in output (i.e., ``Journal'', ``Book'',
or ``Abstract'').
>> \Pa. Place page numbers in output.
>> \E. Place editor in output.
>> \Pu. Place publisher in output.
>> \Y. Place year in output.
>> \K. Place keywords in output.
>> \#. Number output references sequentially. That is, the first
reference printed (regardless of its number in the database) is
printed with the number `1'; the second reference printed (regardless
of its number in the database) is printed with the number `2'; and so
on. (See also, `\N', above.)
>> \/. Start new line. (That's a backslash followed by a forward
slash, not a capital V).
>> \<. Start optional inclusion.
>> \>. End optional inclusion. What's an ``optional inclusion''?
This is used to prevent printing any text that is dependent on one of
JEPRS User's Guide, page 43
the fields being present. Let's say that the rules are that if you are
referencing a book then the title of the chapter has to be in single
quotes. So your definition in JEPRS might look like this:
and \F. `\T' in: \J.
That's fine if every book in your JEPRS database has a chapter title.
A sample would look like this:
WE Wright. `Muscle Cells' in: Cell Development.
But if you had a book that didn't have chapter titles, the output
would look kind of funny, like the next line:
WE Wright. `' in: Cell Differentiation.
That's not exactly a catastrophe, but it is undesirable. The optional
inclusion codes allow you to get around a situation like this. In this
case, you define your output this way instead (compare it to the prior
definition):
and \F. \<`\T' in: \>\J.
Notice the `\<' and `\>' optional inclusion codes which surround
```\T' in: ''. What this tells JEPRS is that if the field inside the
optional inclusion characters (in this case `\T', or the Title field)
is empty, then don't print any of the characters within the optional
inclusion. Therefore, the two examples above would print like this:
WE Wright. `Muscle Cells' in: Cell Development.
WE Wright. Cell Differentiation.
And that is much nicer output. A major example is given in the chapter
called Format Styles: A Tutorial (also look at the examples in the
Config file provided).
The next few codes are toggles. This means that you have to use
them twice: once to turn on the function, and once to turn it off. You
usually have to do the same thing in a word processor, like entering a
command to start boldface, entering the text to be boldfaced, and then
finally entering another code to stop boldface.
>> \S. Toggle subscripts.
>> \^. Toggle superscripts.
>> \~. Toggle italics.
>> \B. Toggle boldface.
>> \_. Toggle underline.
If you haven't entered the printer-specific sequences for these codes
in the printer definition in your Config file, then they won't print
on your printer.
Once you've modified the Format styles to your specific needs,
formatting with different format styles is simply a matter of choosing
JEPRS User's Guide, page 44
one from a menu.
>> Comments. The last two lines of the screen are where you can
enter any comments you like. These are for your use only; JEPRS will
not try to interpret them or use them for any other function.
>>>>> Saving Your Definitions <<<<<
When finished editing your Format style, press [Esc] to get to the
menu at the top of the screen. As usual, you may press [H]elp to get
help. Otherwise press [S]ave to save your Format style definition,
press [E]dit to modify a different definition (see Advanced Topic,
below), or press [Esc] to return to the >Global Defaults Menu<.
===================================================================
***** ADVANCED TOPIC: *****
Keeping Definitions in Memory or Disk
If you don't [S]ave your definition, then it still stays in your
computer's memory, but it will be erased under two conditions:
1. You exit JEPRS.
2. You choose a Format Style again. Let me give an example. Let's
say you edited Format Style #2, and you're now at the menu at the top
of the screen. Then you press [Esc] without [S]aving, so the modified
journal definition #2 is still in memory and the original journal
definition #2 is still in your Config file. If you then access the
Format Style selection menu (by pressing [F]ormat style on the >Format
Menu<, or by pressing [J]ournal definitions at the >Global Defaults
Menu<) and select #2 and press [Enter], then the original #2 is read
in from your Config file and replaces the modified #2 that was in
memory. On the other hand, if you're at the journal definition
selection menu and you press [Esc] (instead of choosing #2 again) then
the modified #2 is kept in memory and you can edit it (or [S]ave it)
again.
===================================================================
JEPRS User's Guide, page 45
C H A P T E R S E V E N
_________
Listing References
####################################
The >List References< screen permits access to your references
individually. Many times you will want to look up just a single
reference or two. There is no need to do a search through the entire
database if you already know the number of the reference you want to
examine or edit.
#####################################
Choose [L]ist from the >Main Menu< to get to the >List References<
screen. Note: The >List References <screen can also be called from the
Search Results screen. There are some subtle differences when using
List from the Main Menu and List from the Search Results screen. See
the Advanced Topic below for an elaboration of the differences.
When you first reach the >List References< screen, JEPRS initially
displays the most recently accessed reference in your database, and
then asks you for a reference number. If there are no references in
your database, JEPRS will automatically return to the >Main Menu<.
Enter the number of the reference you wish to view; the corresponding
reference in the database is subsequently displayed. JEPRS displays
your reference in the standard screen format, allowing 3 lines for the
title, 2 lines for the author, 2 lines for the journal, space for the
volume, pages, year, and type, one line for the editor (if a book), 2
lines for the publisher (if a book), and 5 lines for keywords.
If, by mistake, you enter the number of a reference that is not in
the database (for example, a number larger than the last reference in
the database), JEPRS displays the closest valid reference. You can use
this to your advantage: If you enter a number larger than your
database (such as ``99999''), JEPRS assumes you want to go to the end
of the database, and will display the last reference.
Also, realize that you are entering the numbers at a prompt, so you
can use non-printing keys to edit the value. For example, if you
displayed reference #122 then ``122'' will be displayed as the default
value for the next reference; to look at reference #129, just press
[End], then [BackSpace] once, then press [9] and [Enter] and #129 will
be displayed.
JEPRS User's Guide, page 46
>>>>> Function Keys <<<<<
Several keys perform special functions-these are described on the
bottom of the screen. Here is a run-down of each of those keys and
their functions within the program.
>> Esc. As you have probably come to expect by now, this key will
end what you're doing and bring you back to the >Main Menu<.
>> F1. As always, this will give you context-sensitive help,
including a brief description of the function keys available on the
>List References< screen.
>> F4. Edit reference (see separate section, below).
>> PgDn. ([Page Down] on 101-key keyboards) displays the next
reference in your database. For example, if you first enter `142',
JEPRS displays reference #142; if you then press [PgDn], reference
number 143 will be displayed.
>> PgUp. ([Page Up] on 101-key keyboards) displays the previous
reference, just the opposite of [PgDn].
>> F8. Only the number (e.g. `6') of the current reference is sent
to a Number File. This Number File can subsequently be used for input
([I]nput=[N]umber file) during formatting or exporting.
>> F9. The displayed reference is sent to your printer in the
currently defined Format Style (selected on the >Format Menu<).
>> F10. Sends the displayed reference to a DOS Text File (again, in
the currently-defined Format Style). Remember that [D]efaults/[T]ext
File Formatting on the >Global Defaults Menu< determines whether
printer codes are sent to this file.
**************
Editing & Updating References
**********
Editing references is essentially identical to adding references.
See the next chapter, Adding References, for information on the
function keys and menus used for editing and adding references.
Since JEPRS does not have a Delete Reference option, >Edit
Reference< can be used to remove an old reference citation and replace
it with a new one.
===================================================================
***** ADVANCED TOPIC: *****
Listing in the Search Results Screen
When >List References< is called from the >Search Results< screen,
JEPRS User's Guide, page 47
there are a few minor changes in the workings of the function keys:
>> Esc. This will bring you back to the >Search Results< screen,
not the >Main Menu<.
>> PgUp. Instead of displaying the previous reference in the
database, the previous found reference is displayed.
>> PgDn. Instead of displaying the next reference in the database,
the next found reference is displayed.
The changes in [PgUp]/[PgDn] function may not be intuitive, so
here's an example:
Let's say you performed a search that found the following
references that matched your search terms:
#3, #6, #88, #122, and #131
You press [Enter] at the >Search Results< screen while the cursor is
on reference #88; this brings up the >List References< screen
displaying #88. If you now pressed [PgDn], then instead of #89 being
displayed, #122 would be displayed because it is the next found
reference from the search. Likewise, pressing [PgUp] would display #6,
since it was the previous found reference. Well, what if you really
did want to see reference #87? Don't worry-you can still enter `87' at
the prompt.
===================================================================
JEPRS User's Guide, page 48
C H A P T E R E I G H T
_________
Adding References
####################################
One of the first things you'll want to do after starting your own
database is to add references to it. This part of the program is where
you enter new references at the keyboard (your other option is to
automatically load references in various formats from a text file
using the >Import Menu<).
#####################################
Press [A]dd at the >Main Menu< to get to the >Add References<
screen. You're presented with the standard screen format used for
adding, editing, and listing references. It displays:
[Field] [Size or Value]
Title 3 Lines
Author 2 Lines
Journal 2 Lines
Volume 13 Characters
Pages 13 Characters
Year 4 Characters
Type Journal/Book/Abstract
Number 1-64,000
Editor 1 Line
Publisher 2 Lines
Keywords 5 Lines
The menu at the top of the screen is initially inactive. As usual, the
function keys are listed at the bottom of the screen. The cursor is
JEPRS User's Guide, page 49
first placed on the Title field.
>>>>> Function Keys <<<<<
The function keys used for moving around your text generally
perform the same function they would in a word processor or text
editor:
[Key] [Function]
[F1] Context sensitive help with adding your
references.
[Esc] Activate menu at top of screen.
[Tab] Move cursor to the next field.
[Shift+Tab] Move cursor to the previous field.
[Right Arrow] Move cursor one character right.
[Left Arrow] Move cursor one character left.
[Ctrl + Move cursor one word right.
Right Arrow]
[Ctrl + Move cursor one word left.
Left Arrow]
[PgUp] Move cursor to the Title field.
[PgDn] Move cursor to the Keywords field.
[Home] Move cursor to the beginning of the current
field.
[End] Move cursor to the end of the current field.
[Ctrl+End] Delete from cursor to end of line.
[BackSpace] Delete previous character.
[Del] Delete character over the cursor.
[Ins] Toggle editor between Insert Mode and Overwrite
Mode.*
*-See the bottom right corner of the screen; there is text there that
says `Insert' or `Overwrite'. When in Insert Mode, any characters to
the right of the cursor are pushed aside when you type in new
characters. In Overwrite Mode, characters to the right of the cursor
are written over and erased by the characters you are entering.
JEPRS User's Guide, page 50
New in version 2.5 is the ability to edit multi-line fields as a
single, scrollable line of text. For example, when you first go into
editing mode, you start in the Title field; this field is 3 lines
long, but the screen shows a box surrounding a single line of text. As
you enter more text into this box, you'll see the text start to scroll
to the left when you reach the right side of the box. When you use the
control and arrow keys (see table) to move around the field, you'll
see the text scroll left or right, depending on which direction you're
moving in.
When you are editing a multi-line field (i.e., Title, Author,
Journal, Publisher, or Keywords), JEPRS displays a helpful hint
alongside the title of the text box. For example, when you are editing
the Keywords, the title says ``Enter keywords, separated by
semicolons(;)''.
>>>>> Saving or Abandoning the Reference <<<<<
When you are done adding or editing your reference, press [Esc] to
activate the menu at the top of the screen. Once you do this, you have
one of three choices:
>> [S]ave reference. Your reference is added to the database on
disk.
>> [A]bandon reference. The reference you just edited is ignored
(it is not saved to disk) and the reference entry form is cleared.
>> [E]dit. You are returned to the reference you were just editing,
in order to continue modifying it.
>> [H]elp. This brings up a help screen.
Once you have chosen [S]ave or [A]bandon, the next menu provides
you with two choices:
>> [C]ontinue. Go back to the >Add References< screen to add
another reference.
>> [M]ain Menu. Return to the >Main Menu< (pressing [Esc] here will
do the same thing).
**************
Suggested Format
**********
Most of the time, JEPRS doesn't really care how you enter your
references into the database-the fields are all basically just text
fields, so you can enter anything you want. (The only field it does
care about is the Authors-you should follow closely the suggestions
provided below.) However, in order to make the formatted output as
JEPRS User's Guide, page 51
consistent as possible, here is a list of suggestions for how you
might enter your references into each of the fields:
>> Title. The first letter of the first word of the title is
capitalized. Do not place a period at the end of the title.
>> Authors. This is the only field where you must pay strict
attention to the guidelines. Authors are entered last name first,
followed by a space and then the initials. There is no space between
initials (this is crucial), but periods can be used if you like, and
dashes are OK for hyphenated initials. Spaces and dashes are OK
between multi-part last names (e.g., `da Vinci' or `Weaver-Jones').
For multiple authors, place a comma and a space after each author
(this is crucial), except the last author. Do not place an ``and'' or
``&'' before the last author-JEPRS can do this for you when
formatting. Here are some examples of correct and incorrect Author
entries:
[Author Entry] [Problem]
Lin VK-I Correct.
Lin V K-I Wrong: Extra space.
Wright WE, Lin LM Correct.
Wright WE & Lin LM Wrong: Don't use `and' or `&' in
authors.
da Vinci L Correct.
da Vinci, L Wrong: Extra comma.
>> Journal. It is generally easier and takes less typing to enter
standard abbreviations for journals, rather than full names (e.g.
``Mol Cell Biol'' instead of ``Molecular and Cellular Biology''), but
this is not required. When formatting bibliographies/reference lists,
some publications want the full journal name cited, while others want
the abbreviation. JEPRS cannot switch between the two: you must be
consistent and enter one style or the other and leave it up to that
publication's proofers to enter the full text or make the
abbreviations.
>> Volume. If you wish to include the issue number, you may want to
do it the way MedLine does, by enclosing it in parentheses (e.g.,
volume 112, number 8 would be 112(8) in MedLine) but this is not
required. See note for novices under Year.
>> Pages. There are a variety of ways of entering the pages. You
can enter just the first page; the first page, a dash, and the last
JEPRS User's Guide, page 52
page; or the first page, a dash, and the `significant digits' of the
last page. For example:
134 or
134-139 or
134-9
Note that MedLine does it the last way (134-9), if you want to
maintain consistency with MedLine. See also the note for novices under
Year.
>> Year. No requirements. A note to novice computer users:
although a lowercase `L' (l) and a one (1) and, likewise, an uppercase
`o' (O) and a zero (0) may look very similar to you, they are very
different things to a computer! If, for example, you enter the year as
l988 (using a lowercase `l'), and then use JEPRS' >Search Menu< to
find all years equal to 1988 (using a one `1'), JEPRS will not think
that is a match. Keep that in mind when entering the Volume, Pages,
and Year.
>> Type. New in version 2.5 is a pop-up menu, making it easier to
select either [A]bstract, [B]ook, or [J]ournal. The reference type is
useful for 2 reasons: (1) it functions to limit your search to, for
example, only books or only journal articles; (2) it is also required
for proper formatting on the >Format Menu<, since JEPRS can format
references differently, depending on whether they are an [A]bstract,
[B]ook, or [J]ournal.
===================================================================
***** ADVANCED TOPIC: *****
Non-English Characters
You can add and search for ``foreign'' (non-English) characters in
the PC's extended character set; On the >Add Reference< and >Edit
Reference< screens, you can add any character to your reference that
your PC can display; characters not on the keyboard (such as ` ' or
` ' or ` ') are entered by holding down the [Alt] key and entering the
ASCII code of the letter or symbol on the numeric keypad. For example,
to enter a ``beta'', hold down [Alt], press [2], [2], [5], and then
let go of the [Alt] key, and you should see ` ' on your screen.
On the >Search Menu<, you can search for the extended characters
you have entered into your references. (However, you cannot search for
the box-drawing characters, such as .)
When using these extended characters, and then searching for them,
keep these facts in mind: 1. Make sure your printer can print them!
Not all printers can print the PC's extended character set. 2. Realize
that when searching, `a' is not the same as ` ' (that is, non-English
characters do not match the English ones); if you entered ` ' in your
reference, then you must use ` ' when searching for it. 3. Whether
searching is set to [C]ase-sensitive=[N]o or [Y]es, JEPRS will not
convert lowercase extended characters to their uppercase equivalents.
JEPRS User's Guide, page 53
For example, if you turn [C]ase Sensitivity off, and search for
`L one', then JEPRS will convert that to `L ONE' before searching; it
will not convert it to `L ONE'.
===================================================================
>> Number (#). This is automatically assigned by JEPRS. Neither you
nor JEPRS can ever change it.
>> Editor. Some people prefer entering the full name, some use just
the first initials and full last name; whatever you do, just maintain
consistency. Don't end it with punctuation.
>> Publisher. Generally, you would enter the publisher's name and
city. Don't end it with punctuation.
===================================================================
***** ADVANCED TOPIC: *****
Keywords: Uppercase or Lower?
The only disadvantage to using all uppercase keywords is in
printing formatted output using a proportionally-spaced font (there is
no problem when using a fixed-spacing font or in sending output to a
Word Processor File). That's because JEPRS determines a line is full
of text based on the number of characters in the line, not the width
of the characters. Look at the following example:
THIS IS A TEST OF FIXED SPACING
This is a test of fixed spacing
THIS IS A TEST OF PROPORTIONAL SPACING
This is a test of proportional spacing
******NOTE: for users reading this from the JEPRS.Doc file, the above
tests of "fixed" and "proportional" spacing will not display
correctly.******
With a fixed-spacing font, both the all-uppercase and the mixed-
case lines take the same amount of space; but with a proportional
font, the all-uppercase line is much longer. This would force you to
make your line width much smaller, subsequently displaying the rest of
the reference (which would be mixed uppercase and lowercase) with a
very wide right margin. Of course, if you plan on importing MedLine
files, these have their keywords in all uppercase already, so you'll
have to deal with this problem eventually. My recommendation would be
to use a fixed-spacing font when printing out the keywords (for
example, just to get a listing of your entire database) but you can
use a proportional font when printing bibliographies (because you
usually don't print out the keywords for them anyway). On the other
hand, if you plan on sending the output to a Word Processor File, then
you can use any font and let you word processor worry about spacing
JEPRS User's Guide, page 54
and line breaks.
===================================================================
>> Keywords. Keywords must be separated by a semicolon (`;'). This
is so that when you display or export your references, JEPRS can find
a place to break the keywords into separate lines. Keywords can be
entered in either all capitals or mixed upper- and lower-case; there
is no particular advantage to doing it either way, since during a
Search you can convert them to uppercase for comparison.
**************
Entering Sample References
**********
Here are some suggestions for entering the three (actually, four)
types of references that JEPRS was designed to deal with.
>> Entering a Reference for a Journal or Magazine Article. These
types of articles generally have: an article title, several authors, a
journal or magazine name, a volume number, page(s) of publication,
year of publication, and any number of keywords you want to add. Let's
say the reference was the article called ``Myogenin, a factor
regulating myogenesis, has a domain homologous to MyoD'' by Woodring
E. Wright, David A. Sassoon, and Victor K. Lin, that appeared in the
journal Cell in 1989, volume 56, pages 607 through 617, and then you
wanted to add some keywords. A sample entry might look like Figure 1.
Some of the keywords in the example in Figure 1 have strange
character doublets like `\S' and `\~'; these are JEPRS' formatting
codes for subscripting and italicizing, respectively. So, when they
keywords are printed on your printer, `C\S3\SH10T1/2' will come out as
`C3H10T1/2', and `\~myc\~-homology' will come out as `myc-homology'.
You can enter any of JEPRS' commands for boldfacing, underlining,
italicizing, super- and sub-scripting right into your references;
however, note that this feature is in addition to the >Format Menu<
formatting options, so don't think you have to italicize every journal
name in your database, because it should be done at the >Format Menu<.
The formatting commands are described in the >Global Defaults<
chapter, in the section on creating Journal Definitions.
>> Entering a Reference for an Abstract. One of the various types
of entries you may want to make is for a reference to an abstract. In
the biomedical sciences, for example, abstracts of data to be
presented at scientific meetings are generally published in a
softcover book. The information for an abstract is similar to that of
a book (see below), but quite different from a journal entry. The
example in Figure 2 is from a poster presented at a Cold Spring Harbor
Laboratory meeting in September, 1989.
In this case, note that the `Journal' field becomes the symposium
title, and the `Editor' is actually the organizers of the meeting.
JEPRS User's Guide, page 55
>> Entering a Reference to a Book. The third major category JEPRS
was designed for is book entries. If you plan on referencing a whole
book as one entity (rather than chapter by chapter), see Figure 3 for
a suggestion.
Notice that the Title and Authors are blank, the Journal becomes
the book title, the Volume is blank (unless, of course, it is a serial
publication), the Pages are blank, and everything else is as expected.
>> Entering a Reference to a Book Chapter. Sometimes, however, you
will want to reference a specific chapter of a book, rather than the
book as a whole. This is easily accomplished in Figure 4 by a slight
modification of the Book definition in Figure 3.
In the example in Figure 4, the chapter title is entered in the
Title field, the chapter authors in the Author field, the book name in
the Journal field, the `Book' type in the Type field, and the book
editors in the Editor field. Just as in the Journal or Magazine
example, JEPRS's special formatting characters are used, in this case
italics for Drosophila.
===================================================================
Title:Myogenin, a factor regulating myogenesis, has a domain
......
homologous to MyoD
Authors:Wright WE, Sassoon DA, Lin VK
........
Journal:Cell
........
Volume:56 Pages:607-17 Year:1989 Type:Journal #:158
....... ...... ..... ..... ..
Keywords:Rat;myogenesis;cell differentiation; cell determination;
.........
myogenin; MyoD1; L\S6\S; C\S3\SH10T1/2; \~myc\~-homology domain;
\~myd\~; BUdR/Bromodeoxyuridine;
===================================================================
Figure 1: A sample reference for a Journal article.
===================================================================
===================================================================
Title:Developmental regulation of myogenin, a gene regulating
......
vertebrate myogenesis
Authors:Miranda LM, Wright WE
........
Journal:Regulation of eukaryotic mRNA transcription
........
Volume: Pages:150 Year:1989 Type:Abstract #:855
....... ...... ..... ..... ..
Editor:W Herr, R Tjian, K Yamamoto
.......
Publisher:Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold
..........
Spring Harbor, NY USA
Keywords:Rat;myogenesis;cell differentiation;
.........
myogenin;MyoD1;L\S6\S;C\S2\SC\S12\S;Promoter
\~myc\~-homology domain;TATA box;transfection;
===================================================================
Figure 2. A sample reference for an Abstract.
===================================================================
JEPRS User's Guide, page 56
===================================================================
Title:
......
Authors:
........
Journal:Year Book of Developmental Biology
........
Volume: Pages: Year:1989 Type:Book #:856
....... ...... ..... ..... ..
Editor:JM Schindler
.......
Publisher:CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton FL USA
..........
Keywords:cell differentiation;developmental biology;mini-reviews;cell
.........
determination;gene expression;cell biology;morphogenesis;pattern
formation;
===================================================================
Figure 3. A sample reference for a Book.
===================================================================
===================================================================
Title:Genetics of \~Drosophila\~ embryogenesis
......
Authors:Mahowald AP, Hardy PA
........
Journal:Ann Rev Genet
........
Volume: Pages:149-77 Year:1985 Type:Book #:857
....... ...... ..... ..... ..
Editor:
.......
Publisher:Annual Reviews, Inc., Palo Alto, CA USA
..........
Keywords:cell differentiation;developmental biology;
.........
cell determination;gene expression;morphogenesis;pattern
formation;\~Drosophila\~;
===================================================================
Figure 4. A sample reference for a Book Chapter.
===================================================================
JEPRS User's Guide, page 57
C H A P T E R N I N E
_________
Formatting References
####################################
Formatting is one of several areas where JEPRS far exceeds the
capabilities of most of its competitors. Formatted output can be
boldfaced, underlined, italicized, superscripted, and subscripted,
depending upon the capabilities of your word processor or printer. You
can also specify page length, characters per line, a header, page
numbering, and other parameters at the >Global Defaults Menu<.
#####################################
At the >Main Menu< press [F]ormat. The >Format Menu< contains the
commands [G]o, [F]ormat, [I]nput, [O]utput, [D]efaults, and [H]elp. As
usual, the Help command can also be invoked by pressing [F1]. Of
course, [Esc] brings you back to the >Main Menu<.
**************
Pre-Defined Settings
**********
JEPRS has the ability to set your [I]nput, [O]utputs, [F]ormat
style, and [D]efaults to previously determined values. If you like
these values as they are, you can skip over this section and get right
on to formatting. However, if any of these are not to your liking,
simply modify them as described here.
>>>>> Formats <<<<<
You can define up to 30 Format styles (also known as journal
definitions) in your Config file (see the chapters Global Defaults and
Format Styles: A Tutorial for information on modifying these styles).
These format styles define how the formatted output from JEPRS will
look.
When you press [F]ormat while at the >Format Menu<, you can pick
which format style to use. Use the up and down arrow keys and the
[PgUp] and [PgDn] keys to scroll through the 30 available styles. When
the arrow is next to the format style you wish to use, just press
[Enter]. Or, just enter the number at the ``Format Style:'' prompt. If
you decide you don't want to change the style, just press [Esc].
JEPRS User's Guide, page 58
If there is one format style that you use most often, you can save
its number in your Config file as the default format style. Just go
ahead and choose one of the available styles, and you will be returned
to the >Format Menu<. Now press [F2] to go to the >Global Defaults
Menu<. When you get to this menu, press [D]efaults, and then [S]ave
defaults+files. Now whenever you use that Config file, the format
style you just saved will be used as the default style.
>>>>> Input <<<<<
By default, JEPRS uses the keyboard for input. This means that when
you press [G]o to start formatting, you would have to use the keyboard
to manually enter the number of each reference that you want
formatted. Sometimes this is not the best way to format your
references. For example, you may want a whole subsection of your
reference file (or the whole thing) formatted, or you may want to use
a Word Processor File as input. Either of these are very easy to do.
When at the >Format Menu<, press [I]nput. This will bring up a
pull-down menu. Like every other pull-down menu in JEPRS, use the up
and down arrow keys and [PgUp] and [PgDn] keys to move among the
choices, then press [Enter] when the selection you want is
highlighted. Or, just press the highlighted letter of your choice.
Notice that when you make a selection, a yellow arrow appears next to
that name on the right side of the screen. This is a reminder of your
choice. Here is a list of the effects of selecting each of the inputs:
>> Keyboard input. After pressing [G]o, you will be prompted to
enter the number of every reference that you want formatted.
>> Number file input. After pressing [G]o, JEPRS will look for the
Number file, using the name specified on the >Global Defaults Menu<.
This is just a text file containing numbers of references, with each
number on a separate line. You can create this file yourself with a
text editor or word processor (in the DOS Text or Non-document mode).
In addition, JEPRS can create this file by pressing [F9] when at the
>List Menu< or the >Search Results< screen. For more information on
the Number file, see the chapter in the Appendix on JEPRS' Files.
>> Reference file input. If you select this item at the pull-down
[I]nput menu, then you are asked at which reference you wish to start
and end. If you want to format the whole database, then just use the
default values (which are the first and last reference in the
database). Otherwise, you can enter any two reference numbers at which
to start and end formatting. When you press [G]o, JEPRS will auto-
matically format the references you specified.
>> Word Processor file input. New in version 2.5 is JEPRS' ability
to read WordPerfect 5.x and PC-Write 3.0 documents. After you press
[G]o, JEPRS looks for the Word Processor Input File, using the name
specified on the >Global Defaults Menu<. (You use your word processor
to insert JEPRS codes into your document, such as {J#123}; see the
JEPRS User's Guide, page 59
Advanced Topic.) JEPRS will then read through your Word Processor
Input File, looking for the codes; in this example, it would generate
output for reference #123.
JEPRS can optionally go back and replace your JEPRS codes (such as
{J#123} ) with either an author+year citation or sequential numbering.
(You specify author+year or sequential numbering for each Format
Style; see the chapter on Global Defaults, especially the subsection
on Editing Format Styles for information on choosing between these two
options.) After it reads through your Word Processor Input File and
generates the bibliography, a pop-up dialog box appears on the screen,
asking you if you want to replace the JEPRS codes. If you choose [N]o,
then no further processing will be done. If you choose [Y]es, then
JEPRS will create a new file which will be an exact copy of your Word
Processor Input File, except that the JEPRS codes will be replaced by
author+year or sequentially numbered citations. This new file will
have the same name as your old file, except the extension will be
*.New. For example, if your original Word Processor Input File was
called MyFile.WP, then the revised version will be called MyFile.New.
===================================================================
***** ADVANCED TOPIC: *****
JEPRS Codes in Your Word Processor Documents
Since JEPRS can now read WordPerfect and PC-Write documents, it is
important to be very precise about entering the codes that JEPRS can
read. The format is simple: Just type in a left squiggly bracket,
followed by a capital `j', followed by the number or pound sign,
followed by the JEPRS reference number, followed by a right squiggly
bracket. For example, if you want to cite JEPRS reference #44, then
you would type:
{J#44}
into your word processor document at the point where you wanted the
reference cited.
If you are using WordPerfect, keep in mind that you must use
version 5.0 or higher, and that you should not use Text Boxes (JEPRS
can find the codes if they are in a Text Box, but if you tell JEPRS to
replace them with author+year or sequential number citations, then
your document will become corrupted).
You can use your word processor to surround the JEPRS codes with
special features. For example, what if you need to have the codes
replaced not just with sequential numbers, but superscripted numbers?
Instead of just entering the JEPRS codes by themselves:
{J#44}
you can surround them with `superscript' codes from your word
processor. For example, here is how the above code would look in
WordPerfect's ``reveal codes'' screen if you put superscript codes
around it:
JEPRS User's Guide, page 60
[SUPRSCPT]{J#44}[suprscpt]
The one thing you should keep in mind if you do this is that your word
processor codes should be outside of the JEPRS codes' squiggly braces
(as in the example above).
===================================================================
>>>>> Output <<<<<
When you select [O]utput from the >Format Menu<, a pull-down menu
pops up to give you a choice of [S]creen, [P]rinter, [T]ext, or [W]ord
Processor File. You can mix and match any combination of outputs.
Check the right side of the screen under ``Output:'' to see which of
the outputs are currently selected.
>> Screen. Once you press [G]o to start, the formatted references
will be displayed on the screen, continuously scrolling from bottom to
top.
>> Printer. Your formatted references will be directed to your
printer. The currently defined printer will be used; check the >Global
Defaults Menu< to see which printer that is.
>> Text File. The references will be sent to the currently defined
Text File (see the >Global Defaults Menu< to change the name of that
file). Note that [D]efaults/[T]ext File Formatting on the >Global
Defaults Menu< determines how the output references are formatted, in
addition to the current Format Style.
>> Word Processor File. Your specified references are sent to the
[O]utput Word Processor File (>Global Defaults Menu<). This can be
either a WordPerfect 5.x or PC-Write 3.0 file. You specify the file
type at the >Global Defaults Menu< under [D]efaults/[W]ord Processor
Type.
>>>>> Defaults <<<<<
There are two local defaults on the >Format Menu<:
>> Page Start #. This number tells JEPRS how to number the pages on
your output. JEPRS only numbers the output pages if you include the
``\P'' code in your header (see Printer definitions on the >Global
Defaults Menu<). By default, it starts page numbering at page #1, but
you can set this number to anything greater than zero. For example, if
you set it to 23, then the first page of output will be listed as #23,
the second page as #24, the third page as #25, and so on. JEPRS does
not number your pages when [O]utput=[W]ord Processor File, since your
word processor can do that for you.
JEPRS User's Guide, page 61
>> Replace " with . . . . This default is useful for comma-
delimited output. When you use comma-delimited output as a format
style, then the fields are each enclosed in double quote marks and
separated by commas. For example, if the year was `1989' and the
author was `Wright WE' in one of your references, then they would
appear in comma delimited output as:
"Wright WE", "1989"
However, there is the possibility that one of your references might
itself contain a double quote mark. This would seriously interfere
with your ability to import that reference into another database
system (the additional double quote mark would mess it up). The
[R]eplace " With . . . default allows you to change every occurrence
of a double quote mark with some other character when it is output
during formatting. So if you had a keyword that was:
Open Reading Frame/"ORF"
and you set the [R]eplace " With . . . default character to a single
backwards quote (`), then JEPRS would send your formatted output like
this:
"Open Reading Frame/`ORF`"
thereby avoiding the problem of extra double quotes in your output.
**************
Starting Formatting
**********
Once all the default values are set to your liking, just select
[G]o to start the formatting process. Your screen will vary depending
on the type of input and output you have selected.
>> Keyboard Input. If you have selected keyboard input, then the
very last line on the screen will prompt you for a reference number
entry. Type in any number and press [Enter]. The number will
automatically be incremented, so if you want to enter a sequential
series of numbers, just keep pressing [Enter]. Since it is a prompt,
you also have the option of editing the value displayed.
If you have selected screen output, then the references will be
displayed on the screen as soon as you enter the number. However, if
the particular format style you have selected has [S]ort=[A]uthor,
[S]ort=[J]ournal, or [S]ort=[Y]ear, then the references are displayed
only after you have entered the last reference number and then pressed
[F3] to start formatting.
If you have not selected screen output, then a pop-up window will
appear. This window will display the number of each reference as JEPRS
is formatting it and sending it to the specified output(s).
>> Reference File, Number File, or Word Processor File Input. If
you have selected any of these files as input, then the screen will
clear and the following will appear at the bottom:
JEPRS User's Guide, page 62
[Esc]=Exit [ScrollLock]=Pause
As usual, pressing [Esc] will terminate the current process and bring
you back to the previous menu. Before it does, though, a pop-up dialog
box will first ask you ``Terminate Formatting? (y/n)''; press [Y] to
stop formatting or [N] to continue.
If you have turned screen output on, the formatting references will
scroll by on the screen quite rapidly. There is, however, an easy way
to temporarily stop the screen: press the [ScrollLock] key on your
keyboard (it's generally near the top right corner of your keyboard).
If you do, the screen will pause, and the following message will
appear at the bottom:
Press [ScrollLock] to continue
So, just press the key again to restart the formatting display of your
references.
If you have turned screen output off (and are using text file, word
processor file, or printer output) then a pop-up box will appear
displaying the current reference number being sent to the requested
output device(s).
JEPRS User's Guide, page 63
C H A P T E R T E N
_________
Searching
####################################
Once your database becomes fairly large, you will often not
remember exactly which references it contains. You would probably like
a system that allows you to search through your database to find the
reference or group of references that you're looking for. JEPRS is
quite flexible in this regard, and allows both very simple and quite
complex searches. This chapter will describe how to go about searching
through your database.
#####################################
Press [S]earch at the >Main Menu< to go to the >Search Menu<. The
menu at the top of the screen contains the commands [G]o, [T]erms,
[O]utput, [D]efaults, and [H]elp. As usual, Help can also be accessed
by pressing [F1]. And [Esc] brings you back to the >Main Menu<.
**************
Pre-Defined Settings
**********
All you need to do in order to perform a simple search is to
specify one search [T]erm and then press [G]o to start (assuming all
the pre-defined selections listed on the right side of your screen are
to your liking). You cannot start a search without specifying any
Terms; if you try to, you will get an error message.
>>>>> Terms <<<<<
Search terms specify the fields to be searched as well as the text
that you want to match. To search for all papers by an author named
``Wright'', you would:
Press [T]erms.
Enter A to search through the author field.
Enter Wright to search for this particular text.
Once you press [T]erms, you are asked to ``Enter search:''; this is
where you enter the letters corresponding to the field(s) to be
searched. JEPRS lists the letters and their respective fields at the
bottom of the screen (see table for field codes).
JEPRS User's Guide, page 64
[Field Codes for Search Terms]
[A]uthors [E]ditor [K]eywords [C]itation type
[T]itle [Y]ear [P]ublisher [J]ournal
You can perform mulitple searches by connecting the field codes
with operators (see table for a list of operators).
[Operators and their Significance]
+ AND
- NOT
/ OR
These are the Boolean logical operators. So if you want to search
for papers by Author ``Wright'' and Title ``Myogenin'' then you would
enter A+T for [A]uthor [+][and] [T]itle, then enter Wright, then enter
Myogenin. [When you're entering the text, you must enter it in the
same order as the field codes; that is, you couldn't enter
``Myogenin'' first and ``Wright'' second, otherwise it would look for
``Myogenin'' in the authors and ``Wright'' in the titles, giving you a
nonsense answer. In order to help you along, JEPRS will make the
current field code blink while you are entering the search text for
it.] Thus your screen should look like this:
Enter Search: A+T
Wright
Myogenin
Because the Boolean logical operators are not always intuitive, let
me give a brief explanation of each. If your search is A+T then both
the author and the title you specify must be in the same reference
citation in order for it to be considered a match. If your search is
A-T then the author must be in the reference citation and the title
must not be in that same reference to be a match. If your search is
A/T then either that author or that title must be in the reference in
order to be a match. Here are some additional tidbits to ponder:
A+T is logically identical to T+A; that is, both an author an a
title must be in the same reference.
A/T is logically identical to T/A; that is, either an author or a
title must be in the same reference.
A-T is very different from T-A. In the first case, the author
must be in a reference and the title must not be in a reference; in
the latter, the title must be in a reference and the author must not.
JEPRS User's Guide, page 65
JEPRS doesn't allow you to do a search like -A (in other words,
find all references except those with a certain author). You can get
around this by doing something like A-A; when asked for the first
search text just press [Enter] (this will match all references) and
then for the second search text enter the name of the author you don't
want. This accomplishes the same thing as -A.
JEPRS doesn't necessarily search for whole words. So if you
specify a search for authors named ``STEIN'' it will also find
``STEINBERG'' and ``FRANKENSTEIN'' because they both have ``STEIN'' in
them. There are three ways to try to get around this: (1) Make [C]ase
Sensitivity=[Y]es and search for ``Stein''; then ``Frankenstein''
would not be a match; (2) Use a space, a comma, or other delimiter,
for example ``Stein,''; then ``Steinberg'' would not be a match; and
finally (3) if after performing your search you find that there are
one or two common `contaminants', you can use [F4] (>Modify Search<)
to specifically exclude them (e.g., -A Steinberg would get rid of all
matches that had ``Steinberg'' in them). Of course in this case you
would have to be careful to make sure that some of your references
didn't contain both Stein and Steinberg as authors.
>>>>> Advanced Example <<<<<
Let's say you're preparing a bibliography on various subtopics
within a more general field. This time, you're going to want to find
all references dealing with DNA, but specifically eukaryotic cell
transfection or prokaryotic cell transformation. You also want to
exclude the older references, which will probably not be as much use
to you. You also want to exclude all Abstracts, since they won't
contain enough information to be really useful in this particular
instance. This would be entered as:
Enter Search: (K+(K/K))+Y-C
DNA
Transformation
Transfection
1986-1989
A
This search strategy tells JEPRS to look for all references that deal
with (keywords = DNA and (keywords = Transformation or keywords =
Transfection)) and (year = 1986-1989) but not (citation type =
Abstract).
===================================================================
***** ADVANCED TOPIC: *****
Parentheses & Boolean Operators in Search Terms
Placement of the parentheses is crucial in the advanced example. If
you did not include the parentheses, and entered your search as simply
K+K/K+Y-C, then that would have yielded a very different answer. This
JEPRS User's Guide, page 66
can be demonstrated by listing some hypothetical references below:
[Sample Reference Numbers & Their Keywords]
1 DNA; transfection
2 transfection; protein
3 DNA; transformation
If you entered your search as (K+(K/K)), then references 1 & 3
would match (because 1 has `DNA' and `transfection' and 3 has `DNA'
and `transformation').
If you entered your search as K+K/K (which would be equivalent to
entering (K+K)/K, since JEPRS is just reading and interpreting from
left to right) then references 2 & 3 would match (because 2 has
`transfection' and 3 has both `DNA' and `transformation').
The Boolean logic operators can be very powerful, but they can
sometimes be confusing, too. If you are in doubt as to how a search
will be interpreted, use parentheses to force a particular
interpretation. Too many parentheses can't hurt.
===================================================================
>>>>> Output <<<<<
When you select this option, a pull-down menu appears, allowing you
to select any combination of [S]creen, [P]rinter, [T]ext file or
[N]umber file. Check the right side of your screen to see which
output(s) are currently selected. The default is [S]creen=[Y]es,
everything else=[N]o. If you try to turn all the outputs off, JEPRS
will beep and turn the [S]creen back on.
>> Screen. Once searching begins, successful matches will be
displayed on your screen in a compact, one-line format for each
reference found.
>> Printer. Successful matches will be sent to your printer in the
currently-defined format style (see the >Format Menu< to select the
format style). Note, however, that printer codes will not be sent to
the printer. Also, the margins are predefined and cannot be changed.
If you want to have formatted output (including boldface, etc.) sent
to your printer, you must have output sent to your printer from the
>Format Menu<, not the >Search Menu<. You can do this by using
[O]utput=[N]umber file at the >Search Menu< and then using
[I]nput=[N]umber file at the >Format Menu<.
JEPRS User's Guide, page 67
>> Number File. Only the numbers of the successful matches will be
sent to this DOS text file. This file can then be used as Input on the
>Format Menu< and the >Export Menu<. See the chapter in the Appendix
on JEPRS' Files for more information on the Number file.
>> Text File. This is identical to having output sent to the
Printer, except that it will be sent to the Text file (see the >Global
Defaults Menu< for the name of the currently-defined Text file). All
the caveats listed under ``Printer'', above, are also true for the
Text file. In addition, [D]efaults/[T]ext File Formatting on the
>Global Defaults Menu< also affects output to the Text file.
>>>>> Defaults <<<<<
There are a variety of local defaults that affect how the current
search is executed.
>> Begin. Specifies at which reference number the search will
start. An example of its use would be if you had a database of 900
references and you knew that the paper you were looking for was in the
last 300 or so references; then you would specify [B]egin at #600.
This would cut down your search time significantly. The default value
is 1 (the first reference in the database).
>> End. This is just like Begin, but at the other end of the
spectrum; just specify at what reference number you want searching to
stop. The default value is the last reference in the database.
>> Matches. This tells JEPRS to stop the search after this many
matches have been found. Let's say that you know that a certain
search, such as keywords for ``DNA'', will yield a lot of matches, but
you only want to see the first 15 of them. Press [M]atches and enter
``15''. Then when you start the search, as soon as the 15th match is
found, searching automatically stops. If fewer than 15 matches are
found it will just search to the end of the database and then stop.
The default value is the total number of references in the database.
(If you have a very large database and you wish to sort it before
displaying it, it is a good idea to use a Match number smaller than
the database; this frees up memory for the sorting.)
>> Case Sensitivity. When this is set equal to [N]o, then both your
search text and the references in the database are converted to
uppercase before being compared. That way you don't have to worry
about entering ``DNA-binding protein'' or ``dna-Binding Protein'',
since they will both be converted to ``DNA-BINDING PROTEIN'' for the
search. If you wish to make the comparisons directly without
converting to uppercase, then make [C]ase Sensitivity=[Y]es. You can
make your choice `permanent' by saving this value in the Config file.
That is, when you choose [D]efaults/[S]ave defaults+files at the
>Global Defaults Menu<, the answer you entered here is saved and used
whenever you use your Config file.
JEPRS User's Guide, page 68
>> Sort. If this is set to [N]one, then JEPRS displays the
references in the order they were found in the database. If you set
[S]ort=[A]uthor, your matched references will be displayed
alphabetically by the first author's last name. If [S]ort=[J]ournal,
the found references are sorted by the Journal name. Finally, if
[S]ort=[Y]ear, then the references are displayed in Year order. As
with [C]ase sensitivity, this value can be saved in your Config file
(see above).
**************
Starting a Search
**********
Once you press [G]o to start the search, the Messages window on the
bottom of the screen will show you the number of references being
searched as well as how many matches have been found.
You can press [Esc] at any time to stop the search; if you do so,
a pop-up dialog box will ask you to confirm your decision. Press [Y]
to terminate the search, or press any other key to continue. Note that
this terminates the search, it doesn't abandon it. So if any matches
were found before you pressed [Esc], they'd be sent to the desired
output after terminating the search.
>> Text file, Number file, & Printer output. If any of these
outputs have been selected, then once the search is completed, a pop-
up box will display the number of each reference as it is being
formatted and sent to the proper output. Again, you can press [Esc]
here to terminate the output.
>> Screen Output. If you have selected the screen as output, then
as soon as any matched references are found, the window switches to
the Search Results screen. As each matching reference is found, it is
added to the Search Results in a compact, one-line format. Once the
search is completed, the matches will be displayed in the Search
Results screen in the order in which they were found in the database;
unless, of course, sorting was turned on, in which case they will be
sorted before being redisplayed.
>>>>> Search Results Screen <<<<<
The idea behind this display is that it presents as many references
as possible, with the most useful information, in the least amount of
space. This lets you scroll around the matching reference list, select
specific references (or groups of references) you want to send to
various outputs, view entire references, and edit references-all in
one place.
The function keys available are described here. Users upgrading
from version 1.x: the key used for Modifying the search is different
in version 2.5.
JEPRS User's Guide, page 69
>> [Up Arrow]. This moves the cursor up one reference at a time.
The screen is scrolled down one line if necessary.
>> [Down Arrow]. Moves the cursor down one reference at a time. The
screen is scrolled up one line if necessary.
>> [PgUp]. Scrolls the screen up one page (if more than one page of
matches have been found).
>> [PgDn]. Scrolls the screen down one page (if more than one page
of matches has been found).
>> [Enter]. Displays the entire reference. What this actually does
is bring up the >List Reference< screen, using the current reference
number. In this way you are not limited to seeing only part of the
matched references-you can see the whole thing. While at the >List
Reference< screen, you can press the [F4] key to bring you to the
>Edit Reference< screen where you can edit the reference (see the
chapter in this User's Guide on Listing References for more
information). Pressing [PgDn] or [PgUp] while at the >List Reference
<screen will display the next or previous found reference,
respectively. In other words, it won't display the next sequential
reference in the database, it will instead display the next (or
previous) reference on the list of matched references on the >Search
Results< Screen.
>> [Esc]. You will be returned to the >Search Menu<. At this point
you may start a completely new search, or you can modify any aspect of
the previous search. The latter is possible because JEPRS saves the
search terms and default values from your last search. JEPRS will even
save them if you go off to some other part of the program and then
come back to search later. Of course, once you exit the program your
search terms and defaults are lost. Once you return to the >Search
Menu<, if you decide you want to redisplay your most-recent search,
you can press [F3] to go back to your previous search.
>> [F1]. As always, this will give you context-sensitive help.
>> [F4]. This lets you modify your search by bringing you to the
>Modify Search Menu<. The first time you modify your search, a short
list of instructions is provided. Your previous search terms are
displayed on the top left of the screen. The number of matches JEPRS
has found for the current search is displayed in the upper right
corner. When you are specifying terms for >Modify Search<, think of it
as being added to your original terms. For example, if your original
search was A+A but you found too many matches, you could modify your
search with -K which would be equivalent to an original search of A+A-
K. Notice that searching by >Modify Search< is usually very quick;
that's because it doesn't search the entire database-it only searches
those references that have already yielded a match (and that's the
reason you can't use the or (/) operator, because then it would have
to search the entire database). You can modify a search up to a total
of 3 times.
JEPRS User's Guide, page 70
>> [*]. Marks the reference that the cursor is sitting on. You can
tell if a reference is Marked because it will have an asterisk (`*')
next to the year. Marking a reference is used for output (see [F8],
[F9], & [F10] below).
>> [F5]. Marks all of the matched references. Even if more than one
page of matches has been found, every matched reference on every page
of the Search Results is marked. Marking a reference is used for
output (see [F8], [F9], & [F10] below). Hint: To unMark all the
references, press [F5], then press [F6].
>> [F6]. Reverses all the Marks. That is, all Marked references
become unMarked, and all unMarked references become Marked. Let's say
you have 20 matches and you want to send one subset to the printer and
another subset to a Number file (for exporting). You would first
manually Mark each reference that you want printed by using the [*]
key, and then press [F9] to send them to the printer. Then you would
press [F6] to reverse all the marks, and press [F8] to send the other
subset of references to the Number file.
>> [F8]. If no references are Marked, this sends the number of the
current reference (where the cursor is sitting) to the Number file. If
any references are Marked, then only Marked references are sent to the
Number file (regardless of where the cursor is).
>> [F9]. If no references are Marked, this sends the entire text of
the current reference to the printer. If any references are Marked,
then only Marked references are sent to the printer. The currently-
defined format style (see the >Format Menu<) is used for output. Also,
the line width is pre-defined at 65 characters per line.
>> [F10]. If no references are Marked, this sends the entire text
of the current reference (where the cursor is sitting) to the Text
file. If any references are Marked, then only Marked references are
sent to the Text file (regardless of where the cursor is). The
currently-defined format style (see the >Format Menu<) is used for
output. Also, the line width is pre-defined at 65 characters per line.
In addition, the [D]efaults/[T]ext file formatting on the >Global
Defaults Menu< affects the output.
JEPRS User's Guide, page 71
C H A P T E R E L E V E N
_________
Utilities
####################################
The >Utilities Menu< contains three functions that, while very
useful, are generally used less often than those functions listed at
the >Main Menu<. Here, JEPRS allows you to import references, export
references, and compress your database.
#####################################
**************
Importing
**********
JEPRS has the power to import references in three different formats
from a variety of different sources. These are formats generally used
only by Ph.D.s, M.D.s, and others in biomedical fields.
>>>>> Formats <<<<<
JEPRS supports three different import formats. You can select any
one of them from the ones listed on the screen. The formats and their
potential sources are:
>> MedLine. This is a ``standard'' biomedical reference format
defined by the USA's National Library of Medicine (NLM). Most
commercially available reference management programs and on-line
biomedical database systems support this type of file. For example,
PaperChase (an on-line system of Harvard University-affiliated Beth
Israel Hospital in Boston) allows you to search through the National
Library of Medicine's main bibliographic database and download these
references to your own computer. One of the (several) formats they
support is MedLine.
MedLine output is also produced by IBM PC-based programs, such as
ISI's Current Contents on Diskette (CCOD). Just like PaperChase, CCOD
allows you to save files in MedLine format.
>> CL-MedLine. This format is slightly different from the standard
MedLine format. It is produced by a program called CL-MedLine from a
company called CLSI, Inc. CLSI, Inc. has recently announced that CL-
MedLine is being discontinued. Therefore, future versions of JEPRS
JEPRS User's Guide, page 72
will no longer support this format.
>> BRS/Colleague. Though this format looks a little like MedLine,
it is really quite different. An on-line database searching system
called BRS/Colleague produces these formatted files.
Note: Keep in mind that you can generally import these files
immediately into JEPRS without modifying them at all. For example, you
sometimes get extraneous commands and other text mixed in with your
actual references when you download these files from the on-line
databases. Some other programs actually make you ``clean-up'' these
files before importing them. But not JEPRS! JEPRS is smart enough to
ignore anything that isn't a real reference.
>>>>> Defaults <<<<<
Two local defaults are available from the menu:
>> Remove subheadings from keywords. MedLine and other files tend
to have a lot of information most people consider superfluous. This
includes keywords for source of grant support (US government vs.
private funding), and subheadings for keywords. Those subheadings can
be useful for PaperChase searches, but tend to be less so in JEPRS.
Therefore, if you set this value to [Y]es, then these terms will be
stripped from your references before being added to your database.
>> Edit references before adding to database. In most programs,
once you starting importing, you have an all-or-none situation: import
all the references in a file, or don't import at all! You have the
option in JEPRS of importing them one at a time. If this default is
set to [Y]es, then as each reference is read in from the file, it is
displayed on JEPRS' >Edit Reference< screen. At this point, you have
the option of: discarding the reference and moving on to the next one;
saving the reference as is; or editing the reference and then saving
it. See below for more details.
>>>>> Starting an Import <<<<<
After verifying that the Format and Defaults are set to your
liking, you are almost ready to start importing. The one last thing
that must be taken care of is the name of the Import file. There are
two ways to go about this, depending on whether you always import a
file with the same name, or always use different names. If you always
import a file with a standard name (such as MedLine.Txt) then you can
go to the >Global Defaults Menu< (by pressing [F2] while at the
>Utilities Menu<) and specify its name on the [F]iles/[I]mport file
menu. Then go to [D]efaults/[S]ave defaults+files. In this way, the
name of the Import file will be saved in your Config file, and you
will not have to bother changing it every time you import a file. If,
on the other hand, the file will have a different name every time, see
the advanced topic, below.
JEPRS User's Guide, page 73
===================================================================
***** ADVANCED TOPIC: *****
Using a Different Filename for each Import
The other way of specifying an Import filename is if you have a
different file name every time you perform an Import. In this case, it
would be annoying to have to remember to go to the >Global Defaults
Menu< and specify the filename for the Import file every time you
performed an Import. What you can do is take advantage of JEPRS'
intelligence: Go to the >Global Defaults Menu< (by pressing [F2] at
the >Utilities Menu<) and this time specify a ``fake'' filename at the
Import filename prompt. Choose a name that you know you will never
use, like FakeFile.XYZ. Again, choose [D]efaults/[S]ave
defaults+filenames to save this filename into your Config file. (Why
are we saving a fake filename?! Read on . . . )
Now whenever you are at the >Import File< menu and you press [G]o
to start importing, a dialog box will pop-up to tell you there is a
file error, since JEPRS can't find your fake file called FakeFile.XYZ.
Then all you have to do is press [F4], enter the real filename, press
[Enter,] and you're done.
===================================================================
After pressing [G]o to start the Import, JEPRS checks for the
Import file, starts reading from it, and then imports the references
into your database. What you see on the screen depends on how you set
the default called ``Edit references before adding to database?'':
>> No editing/Import all at once. The messages window will clear,
and then a horizontal bar graph will appear. As JEPRS reads in your
Import File, the graph will show what percentage of the file has been
read in. If at any point you decide you want to stop importing, just
press [Esc]; once you do, a pop-up dialog box will ask you to confirm
your decision. Press [Y] to terminate Import, or press any other key
to continue.
>> Edit references/Import one at a time. If this option is
selected, then as each reference is read in from the Import File, you
are presented with the >Edit Reference< screen. The cursor moves to
the menu. If you just press [Enter] or [S]ave, then the reference is
immediately saved into your database. You can instead press [A]bandon,
in which case the current reference is discarded, or you can press
[E]dit, in which case you can edit the reference before saving it.
After you have chosen either [A]bandon or [S]ave, another menu appears
at the top of the screen and a pop-up window appears. This window
tells you the number of references read in from the Import File, as
well as what percentage of the file has been read in. The menu then
allows you to import the next reference by pressing [Enter] or
[I]mport, or stop importing by pressing [E]xit. The two menus are set
JEPRS User's Guide, page 74
up for simplicity: that is, if you want to save each reference, you
can just press [Enter] twice (once at the first menu to [S]ave, and
once at the second menu to continue to [I]mport).
Whether or not you have chosen [E]dit references before importing,
once 100% of the file is read in (or you [E]xit importing), the
``Messages'' window will display the total number of references read
in as well as the total number of references saved into the database.
You are then prompted to press any key to return to the >Import Menu<.
**************
Exporting
**********
JEPRS has a very rich and powerful Formatting capability, which is
accessed by selecting [F]ormat from the >Main Menu<. However, there is
one particular type of formatting that JEPRS' format commands cannot
do: the MedLine format. So JEPRS has the ability to export in the
MedLine format at the >Export Menu<. (Note that this feature is
probably only important to biomedical researchers, students, and
clinicians.)
>>>>> Input <<<<<
By default, JEPRS uses the keyboard for input. This means that when
you press [G]o to start exporting, you have to use the keyboard to
manually enter the number of each reference that you want exported.
Sometimes this is not the best way to specify the references you wish
to export. For example, you may want an entire subsection of your
reference file exported, or you may want to use a Number File as
input. Either of these is very easy to do.
When at the >Export Menu<, press [I]nput. This will bring up a
pull-down menu. Notice that when you make a selection, a yellow
arrowhead appears next to that name on the right side of the screen.
This is a reminder of your choice. Here is a rundown of your options:
>> Keyboard input. After pressing [G]o, you will be prompted to
enter the number of every reference that you want exported.
>> Number file input. After pressing [G]o, JEPRS will look for the
Number File, using the name specified on the >Global Defaults Menu<.
This is just a text file containing numbers of references, with each
number on a separate line. You can create this file yourself with a
text editor or word processor (in the DOS Text or Non-document mode).
In addition, JEPRS can create this file if you press [F9] when at the
>List Menu< or the >Search Results< screen. For more information on
the Number File, see the Appendix chapter on JEPRS' Files.
>> Reference file input. If you select this item at the pull-down
[I]nput menu, then you are asked at which references you wish to start
and end. If you want to export the whole database, then just use the
JEPRS User's Guide, page 75
default values (which are the first and last reference in the
database). Otherwise, you can enter any two reference numbers at which
to start and end exporting.
>>>>> Output <<<<<
When you select [O]utput from the >Export Menu<, a pull-down menu
pops up to give you a choice of [S]creen, [P]rinter, or [T]ext File.
You can mix and match any combination of outputs. Check the right side
of the screen under ``Output:'' to see which of the outputs are
currently selected. New with version 2.0 of JEPRS was the ability to
send output to the screen and/or a printer. Nonetheless, the most
useful output is still a Text file.
>> Screen. Once you press [G]o to start, the exported references
will be displayed on the screen, continuously scrolling from bottom to
top.
>> Printer. Your exported references will be directed to your
printer.
>> Text File. The references will be sent to the currently defined
Text File (see the >Global Defaults Menu< to view the name of that
file).
>>>>> Defaults <<<<<
There are two local defaults on the >Export Menu<.
>> Remove printer codes from references. JEPRS is quite powerful in
that in addition to printer codes (for example: underlining, italics,
etc.) in the Format Styles, you can also have printer codes within
your references. However, this can cause a problem during exporting,
since no other program recognizes these codes. Therefore, if you set
this default to [Y]es, then these codes will be removed before sending
your references to the output device(s).
>> Convert all keywords to uppercase. JEPRS itself doesn't really
care if you keep your keywords in ALL UPPERCASE, all lowercase, or
miXeD UpPeR ANd LoWerCaSE. However, the standard MedLine format has
its keywords in ALL UPPERCASE. If you want all your keywords converted
to uppercase during export, set this default to [Y]es (this doesn't
affect your reference database itself; the keywords there remain
unchanged).
>>>>> Starting an Export <<<<<
Just press [G]o to start, once you've decided all the defaults are
to your liking. If Screen output is on, then the references will
continuously scroll up the screen. If Screen output is off, a pop-up
JEPRS User's Guide, page 76
box will appear, telling you which references are being sent to the
output device(s). At any time, you can press [Esc] to stop exporting,
and a pop-up dialog box will ask you for confirmation. Press [Y]es to
stop exporting, or any other key to continue.
**************
Compressing the Database
**********
The file system JEPRS uses for storing your references is very
efficient. It uses much less disk space (and many fewer files) than
most database systems. Nonetheless, it does have one minor
inefficiency: When you edit references, it marks the old version as
invalid, and then adds a new version to the end of your database. This
results in some wasted space in your database file. If this ever
becomes a problem (for example if you are running out of disk space),
you can easily correct it.
On the >Main Menu< and the >Compress Database< screen, there is a
listing for ``Number of moved references'' or ``Number of relocated
references''. This number tells you how many of your references are
(partially) duplicated in your database. You can use the >Compress
Database< function to get rid of these extra references.
The upper left quadrant of the screen displays some useful
information. ``Reference file'' and ``Ref Key file'' refer to the
names of your database files currently in use. The total number of
references in your database, as well as the number of moved
(relocated) references is also listed. If the number of moved
references is zero, there is no point in compressing your database
(but it won't hurt if you do).
>> Insufficient Disk Space. JEPRS will tell you whether there is
sufficient disk space to compress your database. That's because JEPRS
needs to create a temporary file that is as big as your current
database. JEPRS is smart enough to check for disk space before
starting the compression. If there is not enough space on the current
default drive, JEPRS will ask you to insert a new disk and/or specify
a new drive name. If you have a two-floppy drive system, you can
replace your JEPRS program disk with a new floppy; just don't replace
your data disk, because obviously JEPRS will need access to it! For
example, if you have the JEPRS.Exe on drive A: and your database
(Ref1.JPR & Ref1.JPK) on drive B:, then when JEPRS tells you there's
insufficient space, replace your A: disk with a fresh floppy, then
enter [A] when JEPRS asks you for a new disk drive name. Warning!: If
you are using floppy disks, do not replace your disk until JEPRS tells
you to. Just enter the one letter drive name and press [Enter] after
replacing your disk. If you do not have sufficient disk space
anywhere, just press [Esc]. (Once the compression is over, replace
your floppy in drive A: with your JEPRS.Exe disk.)
JEPRS User's Guide, page 77
>>>>> Starting File Compression <<<<<
Just press [G]o to start the database compression. As JEPRS is
doing its stuff, you'll see ``Number of references processed'' being
incremented for each reference that JEPRS is copying to the fresh
database. You will also see a warning in the ``Messages'' window. You
must obey that message. That is, do not attempt to turn off your
computer while JEPRS is compressing your database. Just like
everywhere else in JEPRS, if you need to abandon program execution,
just press the [Esc] key. If you do press [Esc], then you will be
asked to confirm your decision: press [Y]es to stop compression, or
any other key to continue.
When JEPRS is done with the first part of compression, it will
display a message saying that it is copying the new database to your
current database's directory. When everything has been completed
successfully, JEPRS will display the following message:
Compression successful.
Press any key to continue.
JEPRS User's Guide, page 78
C H A P T E R T W E L V E
_________
Format Styles: A Tutorial
####################################
One of JEPRS' most powerful features is its ability to let you
define 30 Format styles and use these to format the output from your
database. Recall that you can define different output styles for
Journal, Book, and Abstract citation types: JEPRS automatically checks
each reference to see whether it was defined by you to be a journal,
book, or abstract, before choosing which format to output.
#####################################
To modify a Format style, start up JEPRS and go to the >Main Menu<.
Press [F2] to go to the >Global Defaults Menu<, then choose
[D]efaults/[J]ournal definitions. This will bring up a selection menu
for the Format styles; use the arrow keys and [PgUp] and [PgDn] to
highlight the style you wish to edit, then press [Enter] to make your
selection.
You should now be at the >Global Defaults: Journal Definition<
screen. Here is where you can enter the codes for formatting
references. Review the chapter on Global Defaults to remind yourself
what each of the codes means. A summary of each code's meaning is
displayed at the bottom of the screen.
Modifying Format Styles is very straightforward, once you get the
hang of it. So let me first give you an example of a typical entry.
Note: If you are reading this as the laser-printed documentation
provided to registered users, then the underlining, italics, etc.,
will appear on paper just as they would with JEPRS output. However, if
you are reading this from the JEPRS.Doc file supplied with the
program, then all of the text in the examples will appear normal and
it won't be of much help. As an alternative, you can try printing out
some examples using the Format styles provided in the program, or you
can register with the author and be provided with the original laser-
printed documents.
The best way to enter a new Format Style is to first find an
example of a reference with the most information. For example, for a
book format, find out what is required for formatting the book title,
chapter title, publisher, editor, volume, pages, and year. Let's say
you are entering a new formatting style that when printed out should
JEPRS User's Guide, page 79
look like this:
===================================================================
Sample Reference:
1. Miranda, LM, Lin, VK, and Wright, WE. (1989) Cloning and
expression of Myogenin: A gene that can direct vertebrate myogenesis.
In: Proceedings of the Southwestern Developmental Biology Symposium.
(John Jones, Ed.) Alan R. Liss, Inc., 7:34.
===================================================================
We'll do this step by step.
1. The first thing that JEPRS expects in the formatting instructions
is the text that connects the last two authors; in this case it's
``and '' (don't forget the space), so that so far your format is:
and
2. Once the `connector word' is specified, everything else is
sequential; that is, you start at the beginning of the citation and
specify, character by character, the text and fields/codes to be
printed. In our example, the first item printed is a number; each
reference will be numbered sequentially (regardless of their
original numbers in the database). This requires the use of JEPRS'
\# code, so now your definition looks like this:
and \#
3. As I said, you build up your Format Style character by charcter
and code by code. Therefore, since in our example the number is
followed by a period and a space, that is what your format should
look like:
and \#.
4. After those spaces comes the authors. But here you have to make a
choice among four possible codes: \F, \L, \1, and \A. Since in this
case every author is listed last name first, the code is \L. Since
the authors are not italicized or underlined or anything else, then
just add this author code to the end of the current definition:
and \#. \L
5. The authors are followed by a period, two spaces, and then the
year in parentheses. Since the year code is \Y, your definition now
looks like this:
and \#. \L. (\Y)
6. Next comes two spaces and the title, which is in italics. The
title code is \T and the italics code is \~. Since italics codes
are toggles, you must put one code before the title, and one after:
and \#. \L. (\Y) \~\T\~
JEPRS User's Guide, page 80
7. Following that comes the text ``In:'' and the journal/book name
(and a period) which is underlined. The journal code is \J and the
underline toggle code is \_, so now you have:
and \#. \L. (\Y) \~\T\~ In: \_\J.\_
8. Now comes the editor, in parentheses with ``, Ed.'' appended to
it. This would look like:
and \#. \L. (\Y) \~\T\~ In: \_\J.\_ (\E, Ed.)
9. After the editor comes the publisher (\Pu):
and \#. \L. (\Y) \~\T\~ In: \_\J.\_ (\E, Ed.) \Pu
10. Soon to follow is a comma, a space, and the volume which is in
bold face. The volume code is \V and the boldface toggle is \B,
yielding:
and \#. \L. (\Y) \~\T\~ In: \_\J.\_ (\E, Ed.) \Pu, \B\V\B
11. Immediately following the volume is a colon, the page number, and
a period to end it. Since the page code is \Pa, you now have:
and \#. \L. (\Y) \~\T\~ In: \_\J.\_ (\E, Ed.) \Pu, \B\V\B:\Pa.
12. Of course you always want to end each reference citation with a
carriage return so the next one starts on the following line. To do
this, add a new-line code \/ (that's a backslash followed by a
forward slash, not a capital `V'). If you want a blank line between
citations, add another new-line, so now it looks like this:
and \#. \L. (\Y) \~\T\~ In: \_\J.\_ (\E, Ed.) \Pu,
\B\V\B:\Pa.\/\/
So now you're done, right? Well, not quite. There is one other
thing you might want to consider. Some books might not have chapter
titles or an editor or a volume number. If JEPRS tried to format these
books with the format style given above, it would look like Figure 2.
===================================================================
Sample Reference #2:
2. Miranda, LM, and Wright, WE. (1999) In: Muscle differentiation
and you! (,Ed.) Smith Books, Inc., :234.
===================================================================
That looks quite unprofessional. But JEPRS can get around this with
its ``optional inclusion'' codes. Anything within these codes is not
printed if the field also within these codes is empty. Since the
Title, Editor, and Volume fields above are empty, you could specify
optional inclusion codes around their text to prevent it from printing
out (of course, if those fields do have text in them, they will print
out normally). Here is how I would modify our sample format using
optional inclusion codes (\< and \>):
JEPRS User's Guide, page 81
and \#. \L. (\Y)\< \~\T\~ In:\> \_\J.\_\< (\E, Ed.)\> \Pu,
\<\B\V\B:\>\Pa.
As I've modified it, those codes tell JEPRS not to print `` \~\T\~
In:'' if there is no Title; not to print `` (\E, Ed.)'' if there is
no Editor; and not to print ``\B\V\B:'' if there is no volume.
Therefore, our sample would be printed like Figure 3.
===================================================================
Sample Reference #3:
2. Miranda, LM, and Wright, WE. (1999) Muscle differentiation and
you! Smith Books, Inc., 234.
===================================================================
Now that's much better. There are some things you should consider
when using optional inclusion codes:
Only one field can be included in the optional inclusion; in
other words, ``\< In: \J \>'' is legal, but then ``\< \T In: \J \>''
is illegal because it includes both the Title and Journal fields.
You won't need them around every field, since I doubt you'll ever
come across a reference with no authors or no title.
The total number of characters within an optional inclusion
cannot exceed 40 characters.
That's it for the Format Style codes. If you have a format that you
can't seem to get to work, send me a copy and I'll see if I can help
you. The one major journal that is not amenable to this kind of
formatting is Science, which has both footnotes and multiple
references in its bibliography. My recommendation for that case is to
use JEPRS to send the formatted references to an Output Word Processor
File, then retrieve this into your word processor and modify it there.
===================================================================
***** ADVANCED TOPIC: *****
Printer Codes in References
Here's something to keep in mind regarding formatting codes:
Because JEPRS evaluates these codes as it runs (rather like a
language interpreter) there is nothing preventing you from entering
these codes into your references. For example, if some of your
references discuss something about the ``c-myc oncogene'' then instead
of having just ``c-myc oncogene'' as a keyword, you can have ``c-
\~myc\~ oncogene'' as a keyword. Then it will print out like this:
JEPRS User's Guide, page 82
``c-myc oncogene''.
There is a definite advantage to this: in addition to esthetics, it
can make your searches more specific. For example, if you search for
``myc'' you will find references both to ``c-myc'' as well as ``myco-
plasma'', whereas if you search for ``\~myc\~'', you will only find
what you want: ``c-\~myc\~''.
===================================================================
See the Advanced Topic for information on using formatting codes in
your references.
**************
Comma-Delimited Output
**********
JEPRS has the ability to format your output in `comma-delimited'
form. This format can be used by many standard database systems (such
as dBase, Excel, and Paradox) as a method of input. This feature thus
allows you to output to a comma-delimited file so that you can import
it into your favorite database. This is useful if a colleague of yours
doesn't use JEPRS: it provides compatibility between the two systems.
It also gives you an ``escape hatch'': if, in the future, you decide
to use a reference management program other than JEPRS, then all your
work isn't put to waste-you can just use comma-delimited output to
convert your JEPRS database into the new database program's system.
===================================================================
Sample Comma-Delimited File:
"1","Wright WE","Myogenesis","Cell","44:1","1997"
"2","Jones RR","Anatomy","Science","2345:33","1996"
"3","Doe J","The Cell","Nature","9932:423","1997"
===================================================================
Comma-delimited is generally defined as the following:
Each text field is surround by double quote marks and separated
by commas.
Each record (that is, each reference) is on one separate but
adjacent lines.
A very simple example can be seen in Figure 4.
JEPRS User's Guide, page 83
>>>>> Requirements for Comma-delimited Output <<<<<
Making a comma-delimited output file requires two major steps:
1. Creating a printer definition in which all the text fields are
empty, and all the numeric fields are zero (0). Note: By setting the
``Characters per line'' field in the Printer Definition to zero, you
are really telling JEPRS to set it to infinity.
2. Creating a Format style in which you enter the codes for how you
want your fields output. As just described, your Format style
definition must have each field enclosed in double quotes and
separated by commas.
>>>>> A Sample Format Style <<<<<
Here is a sample Format style for comma-delimited output (note that
there is just a space as the `connector word' at the beginning of the
definition):
"\#","\A","\T","\J","\V","\Pa","\Y",
"\Pu","\E","\K"\/
(Don't forget the \/ at the end of the definition, so that each record
is placed on a different line.) This is just a sample of a Format
style for comma-delimited output. You can arrange the fields in any
order you like, and you can even exclude specific fields if you like.
JEPRS provides you with 4 options for outputting the authors: \A,
\F, \L, and \1. However, \F, \L, and \1 all add extraneous commas that
are great for bibliographies, but wreak havoc on programs trying to
import references in comma-delimited form. Therefore, I recommend you
use only \A to specify the authors field in formatted output for
comma-delimited.
There is a [D]efault on the >Format Menu< that allows you to
specify a replacement character for the double quote character if it
appears in your references. This will avoid a problem such as a
reference that contains the keyword Open reading frame/"ORF". If you
tried outputting this as comma delimited, then JEPRS would produce
output as follows:
"Open reading frame/"ORF""
which, I can assure you, will mess up your database program's
importing. That's because it will look at that line and think the
keyword is "Open reading frame/" and it will probably just discard the
"ORF"". Therefore, if you use the Replace " with... Default on the
>Format Menu<, then you can substitute a single quote character for
the double quote character.
JEPRS User's Guide, page 84
C H A P T E R T H I R T E E N
_________
Printer Definitions: A Tutorial
####################################
This tutorial will give you instructions on how to create or modify
a printer definition for your printer. This is a topic that many
novices find intimidating, but I'll try to show you that it can be
very easy to do. Just have a copy of your printer manual handy, and
follow the step by step instructions here. If you plan on sending all
your output to a WordPerfect 5.x or PC-Write 3.0 file, you do not need
to define a printer definition.
#####################################
Keep in mind that JEPRS allows you to define up to 5 printer
definitions in your Config file. Why would anyone have five printers?
There are in fact several scenarios where more than one printer
definition would be useful:
You have one type of printer at home, and another type of printer
at work. For example, you might have a laser printer at work, and a
dot matrix at home.
Your printer supports several fonts. Many dot matrix printers can
support 10 characters per inch (cpi), 12 cpi, and 16.66 cpi. Many
laser printers support fonts of different sizes and typestyles. You
can use a separate JEPRS printer definition for each font.
**************
Sample Laser Printer Definition
**********
Before continuing with a sample definition, first review the
chapter in the User's Guide on Global Defaults, especially the section
on Printer Definitions. That section of the chapter will explain to
you what kinds of information JEPRS is expecting when you define a
printer. If you read that section before continuing here, you will
have a much better understanding of how to modify the printer
definitions to suit your particular needs.
Edit the printer definition at the screen entitled ``>JEPRS Global
Defaults: Modify Printer Formats<''. You get there from the >Main
Menu< by pressing [F2] to go to the >Global Defaults Menu<; then
select [D]efaults/[P]rinter Definitions. Then select one of the
JEPRS User's Guide, page 85
printer definitions to modify.
The sample we will create is a printer definition for a Hewlett-
Packard LaserJet IIP printer. Of course, for your own printer, you
would substitute the names and commands present in your printer manual
for the commands we're entering here. This tutorial will provide you
with the basis for understanding which codes to enter, and how to
enter them.
When you first get to this menu, the cursor is placed after
``Printer Name:''. At this point, enter the name you want to appear on
the JEPRS menu for selecting printers. In other words, enter a short
descriptive name, such as your printer and font. In this example, I
will be creating a definition for an HP LaserJet IIP with a 12 pitch
(that is, 12 characters per inch) Courier font; therefore, enter:
HP LaserJet IIP, 12 pitch Courier
Now press [Tab] to get to the next fields. The information JEPRS
wants here is the ``Printer Initialization Code.'' This is the
sequence of codes JEPRS sends to your printer at the beginning of
printer output from the >Format Menu<. What kinds of codes would you
want here? This is where you would tell your printer the font you want
to use, specifying the point size, typestyle, and/or pitch. For
example, on a dot matrix printer, you might want to specify printing
at 16 characters per inch (compressed type). In my example, I'm going
to tell the LaserJet to print in a Courier typestyle, 10 point (size),
12 pitch (12 char/inch), 8 lines of text per vertical inch, and 88
lines per page.
To do that, now get out the printer's reference manual. In the back
it probably lists all the codes for everything you want it to do. For
example, the LaserJet IIP manual says this is the code to enter for 12
pitch spacing:
<Esc>(s12.00H
where <Esc> refers to the <Esc> character (ASCII char #27). Likewise,
the HP manual shows that the following codes are for 10 point size,
Courier typeface, 8 lines per vertical inch spacing, and 88 lines per
page, respectively:
<Esc>(s10.0V
<Esc>(s3T
<Esc>&l8D
<Esc>&l88P
OK, it was easy enough finding the printer codes, but now how do you
enter them into JEPRS? Don't worry-that's also very easy.
>>>>> Entering Special Codes <<<<<
For most of the codes, you just type in the code at your keyboard.
But some special codes require an extra step. For example, if you
tried entering the <Esc> code by pressing the [Esc] key at your
JEPRS User's Guide, page 86
keyboard, JEPRS would interpret this as you asking to go to the menu
at the top of screen (notice that at the bottom of JEPRS' screen it
says ``[Esc]=Menu''). So how do you enter a special code like <Esc>?
Easy: just press [^P] before pressing the [Esc] key. That is, hold
down the key marked [Ctrl] and tap the [P] key once. You won't see
anything on the screen, but then you can press the [Esc] key, and
JEPRS will now interpret that as an <Esc> character, rather than the
JEPRS command to return to the menu. (IBM-compatible computers show an
<Esc> on the screen as an arrow pointing left.)
===================================================================
***** ADVANCED TOPIC: *****
Entering ASCII Codes
There is another way to enter special codes, if you know their
ASCII value. ASCII (pronounced ``As-key'') is the American Standard
Code for Information Interchange. It is simply a standard code so that
different computers can talk to each other. In this code, every letter
and digit has a code. For example the code for the letter `A' is 65,
the code for `B' is 66, and so on. In a similar manner, the <Esc>
character has a code of 27. Most printer manuals have an ASCII table
at the back. You can use this information to enter the <Esc> character
without pressing the [Esc] key. Just as before, press [^P] before
entering the code for <Esc>, but this time instead of pressing the
[Esc] key, hold down the [Alt] key and enter the ASCII code on the
number pad on the right side of your keyboard. That is, to enter the
code for <Esc> (which is 27), hold down the [Alt] key and press [2]
and then [7], and then let go of the [Alt] key.
===================================================================
>>>>> Back to the Example . . . <<<<<
Now that you know how to enter special codes, entering the printer
codes for the LaserJet IIP is easy. Since I want to have 12 pitch, 10
point, Courier type at 8 lines per inch, 88 lines per page, I need to
enter the code
<Esc>(s12.00H<Esc>(s10.0V<Esc>(s3T<Esc>&l8D<Esc>&l88P
into JEPRS' ``Printer Initialization Code''. So press [^P] and then
[Esc] to enter the <Esc> character, then type in ``(s12.00H'', then
[^P] and [Esc] and type ``(s10.0V'', then [^P] and [Esc] and type
``(s3T'', then [^P] and [Esc] and type ``&l8D'', then [^P] and [Esc]
and type ``&l88P'', and press [Enter].
The next field JEPRS asks for is the ``Printer Reset Code''. This
code is sent by JEPRS to your printer whenever you have finished
printing from the >Format Menu<. What kind of codes would you want to
send? Probably the only thing you want to send is a ``reset'' code
JEPRS User's Guide, page 87
which will return your printer to its default settings. For the HP
LaserJet series, this code is
<Esc>E
so I would enter that as [^P] then [Esc] and then type ``E'' and press
[Enter].
The next field is ``Title''. This is where you enter text that
JEPRS will print on the top of the first page of output from the
>Format Menu<. You might want to enter something like ``Bibliography''
here. JEPRS does not automatically center this text. So you might want
to add a few <Tab>s to get the text centered. But-Ooops!-you can't
enter a <Tab> directly, because JEPRS considers it a special code,
just like the <Esc> character. To enter a <Tab>, you must first press
[^P] to enter a special character, and then press the [Tab] key.
Repeat this for as many <Tab>s as necessary. On an IBM or compatible
PC, the <Tab> character looks like a small circle.
The next field is the ``Header''. Here is where you enter text that
you want printed on the top of each page that JEPRS sends to the
printer at the >Format Menu<. You might want to enter something like
``JEPRS Output from Ref1.JPR on 15 Dec 1990, page \P''. Remember, if
you include the `\P' page code here, then JEPRS will automatically
insert page numbers in the Header.
``Left margin'' is the next field. You can enter how many spaces
you want JEPRS to skip before printing text on a line. In my example,
I'm using a 12-pitch font so to get a 1-inch left margin, I will enter
``12'' in this field.
Next comes ``Characters per line''. Again, using the example of a
12-pitch font, I want 78 characters per line (that's because the paper
width is 8.5 inches, there are 12 characters per inch, and I want 1-
inch left and right margins, so that's: 8.5 - 1 - 1 = 6.5 x 12 cpi =
78). So I will enter ``78'' here.
``Pause after each page'' is usually [N]o. The only time you want
to set this to [Y]es is if you have to feed each sheet of paper to the
printer by hand. If [Y]es, then after JEPRS prints each page, it
pauses and asks you to press any key to continue. I will enter [N]o
here.
The next thing JEPRS wants you to enter is ``Top Margin''. This
tells JEPRS how many lines to skip at the top of each page. I will
enter ``5'' here to give a 1-inch top margin (that's because JEPRS
adds 3 lines to the top margin for the Header and the Title, so the
total is really 8 lines; and remember that I have previously set the
vertical line spacing to 8 lines/inch, so this will give me a 1-inch
top margin).
``Lines per page'' tells JEPRS how many lines to send to the
printer before sending a <Form-Feed> character (the <Form-Feed>
character tells the printer to eject the current page). I'm using 11-
JEPRS User's Guide, page 88
inch long paper, and (remember) using 8 lines of characters per
vertical inch, so that gives me a total of 88 lines. But I'm also
leaving a 1-inch top margin, and I want to leave a 1-inch bottom
margin, so the number I'll enter is ``72''. (This Lines Per Page is
not the same as the printer's own Lines Per Page; that is, in the
initialization codes I entered 88 Lines Per Page for the printer [for
letter size paper], but I entered only 72 Lines per page here, so that
JEPRS will actually print 72 lines per page.)
The last of the short-answer questions is ``Form feed last page''.
When JEPRS is done printing, and fewer than the ``Lines per page''
number of lines has been sent to the printer, JEPRS doesn't
automatically send a <Form-Feed> to the printer. This is OK with dot-
matrix printers, since you can just pull out the last page yourself.
But if you have a laser printer, the last page will be stored in the
printer's memory, but won't actually be printed until it gets a <Form-
Feed> character (that's why if you use the [PrtScr] key with a laser
printer, it doesn't seem to print right away). Therefore, I recommend
you set this to [Y]es if you have a laser printer. In that case I'll
set the example printer definition to [Y]es since it's a LaserJet IIP.
The next group of fields is the character attribute fields. These
fields allow you to enter codes for boldfacing, underlining,
italicizing, superscripting, and subscripting portions of your
references. Just enter the codes your printer requires for each of
these attributes.
For our example, the LaserJet IIP printer, the codes are as
follows:
[Attribute] [On Code] [Off Code]
Underline <Esc>&d3D <Esc>&d@
Boldface <Esc>(s3B <Esc>(s0B
Italic <Esc>(s1S <Esc>(s0S
Two things to note: First, the <Esc> character above is entered by
pressing [^P] before pressing [Esc]. And, second, the LaserJets have
no built-in ability to handle super- and sub-scripts, so I have left
those fields blank on purpose.
The last field entry is for ``Comments''. JEPRS ignores what you
enter here; it is for your use only. You would probably just enter a
short description of all your commands. In the example, I will enter:
Courier: 12 pitch, 10 point font at 8 lines per vertical inch, 88
lines per page.
JEPRS User's Guide, page 89
**************
Dot Matrix Example
**********
Now let me give you some examples from a dot matrix printer manual.
One very popular series of printers is Panasonic's KXP . . . series.
In the back of the KXP-1080 printer manual, I looked up the code for
`Font Selection: Selects NLQ or Draft Font'. The manual states that
NLQ (Near Letter Quality) text is selected by using the command:
ESC+x+n where n=1,49,129, or 177
The way that I have been representing codes, that would look like this
in JEPRS:
<Esc>x[1]
where <Esc> is entered by first pressing [^P] and then pressing [Esc],
`x' is entered just by pressing the [x] key on your keyboard, and [1]
is entered by first pressing [^P] and then holding down [Alt],
pressing [1] on the numeric keypad (not the [1] on the top row of the
keyboard), and then letting go of the [Alt] key. (The [1] is the ASCII
code 1, which appears as a `smiley face' on IBM compatibles.)
Likewise, the Panasonic manual states that to turn on Draft
Printing Mode, use the command:
ESC+x+m where m=0,48,128, or 176
In my own nomenclature, that code would look like this in JEPRS:
<Esc>x[48]
where <Esc> is entered as a special code, and [48] is entered as an
ASCII code.
Warning! Panasonic gives you the option of entering the ASCII codes
[0], [48], [128], or [176] in the Draft Printing Mode example above;
however, I entered [48] instead of [0]. That's because JEPRS can't
send the ASCII code for [0] to your printer. So if your printer manual
gives you an option of sending something instead of ASCII [0], use any
of the other choices, but don't use [0].
JEPRS User's Guide, page 90
A P P E N D I X O N E
_________
JEPRS' Files
####################################
All of the major file types that JEPRS uses are listed on the top
left portion of the >Main Menu< screen. If you've read through the
tutorial chapter in the User's Guide, then you should be at least
vaguely familiar with the names of each of these files. You can change
the names of any of these files at the >Global Defaults Menu<. Here is
a complete description of their functions and uses.
#####################################
>>>>> Reference File <<<<<
The reference file is the main database file that JEPRS uses to
store the references you enter using the program. This file (which has
a default name of ``Ref1.JPR'') is maintained completely by JEPRS.
Never modify the Reference file with any program other than JEPRS!
There is currently no other program in the world that can properly
read or write a JEPRS database file; it is a proprietary format. For
anyone who is interested, the file specification is available from the
author by sending a self-addressed stamped envelope to the address on
the order form. To provide compatibility with other programs, JEPRS
offers MedLine and comma-delimited export capabilities.
>>>>> Ref Key File <<<<<
This is a matching file for the main database (Reference) file.
JEPRS uses it to keep track of where the references are in the main
file. You cannot access the main Reference file without this Key file.
The Key file's default name is ``Ref1.JPK''. Do not try to modify this
file with any program other than JEPRS-otherwise you may lose all your
data.
>>>>> Help File <<<<<
This file contains all the information displayed in the Help screen
whenever you press [F1] for help in JEPRS. The name of this file is
``JEPRS.Hlp''. Each Help File is specific for each version of JEPRS.
JEPRS User's Guide, page 91
If you try to use the Help File from JEPRS Version 2.0 with Version
2.5 of JEPRS.Exe, you will often get incorrect information.
>>>>> Text File <<<<<
This is a file that can be created by JEPRS. If you press the [F10]
key when you are displaying the results of a search, or when you are
on the >List Reference< screen, or if you specify [O]utput=[T]ext File
on the >Search Menu<, then the text of the reference(s) will be sent
to this Text file (default name is ``JEPRS.Txt''). Text will also be
sent to this file if you specify [O]utput=[T]ext File on the >Format
Menu<.
Once you create this file with JEPRS, you are free to edit it in a
word processor, or send it to your printer for printing. JEPRS will
never have to get information from this file; it only sends text to
it, so you are free to change it any way you wish.
Printer codes for underlining, boldface, etc. are sent to this file
only under the following conditions: 1) When you are at the >Format
Menu< and 2) When [D]efaults/[T]ext file formatting=[Y]es (see the
>Global Defaults Menu< to set this value).
>>>>> Number File <<<<<
This file (default name is ``JEPRS.Num'') can be created by JEPRS.
If you press the [F8] key when you are displaying the results of a
search or when you are on the >List Reference< screen, or if you
specify [O]utput=[N]umber File on the >Search Menu<, the numbers of
the reference(s) will be sent to this file.
The Number File is a normal DOS text file, just like the Text File
above, but instead of containing the text of the entire reference, it
only contains the number of the reference, with each number being on a
different line.
You can create a number file yourself with a text editor (or word
processor in DOS Text file or Non-document mode). There are a few
simple requirements for a Number File that you must adhere to:
It must be a normal ASCII text file. You can verify this by using
the Type command at the DOS prompt:
C:\JEPRS> Type JEPRS.Num
If you see any foreign or graphics characters, or if the numbers
aren't lined up on the left side, then it's probably not an ASCII
file.
Each number must be on its own line. If more than one number is
JEPRS User's Guide, page 92
present on a line, only the first one is used.
If characters other than a space or Tab appear before a number,
that line is treated as a comment.
Comments can appear by themselves on a line, or after a number.
Empty lines are treated as comments.
Invalid numbers (negative numbers or numbers larger than the
database) are ignored.
An example of a legal Number File would be:
===================================================================
34
This line is a comment
55
3;This is a comment (the "3" is valid)
99
This is a comment. This is ignored: 12
===================================================================
Keep in mind that Number files can be quite useful: They can be
used as input on both the >Format Menu< and the >Export Menu<. A
chapter in the Appendix explains some of the advantages of using a
Number file.
>>>>> Config File <<<<<
The Config file (short for ``configuration file'') contains the
Format Styles, Global (and some local) Defaults, default directory and
file names, and Printer Definitions for JEPRS. Its default name is
``JEPRS.Cfg''.
>> Format Styles. You can define up to 30 of your own Format Styles
(also called journal definitions) and keep them in the Config file. To
edit the Format Styles, go to the >Global Defaults Menu<, choose
[D]efaults, and then [J]ournal definitions. For more information on
editing the Format Styles, see the chapters in the User's Guide called
Global Defaults and Format Styles: A Tutorial.
>> Printer Definitions. Up to 5 Printer Definitions can also be
stored in the Config file. Follow the instructions above for editing
the Format Styles, except choose [P]rinter definitions. Multiple
printer definitions are useful if, for example, you have a laser
printer at work, and a dot matrix at home. Also, you can define each
printer definition to use different fonts (see your printer
JEPRS User's Guide, page 93
documentation for the codes). See the chapters on Global Defaults as
well as Printer Definitions: A Tutorial for information on Printer
definitions.
>> File/Directory Defaults. The file names on the >Main Menu< and
the >Global Defaults Menu< can be stored in your Config file. For
information on saving your filenames, see the chapter on Global
Defaults.
>> Global & Local Defaults. To customize JEPRS, you can save a
number of defaults in the Config file:
[ [Menu]
Global/Local Default Name]
Error Beep Global Defaults
Text File Formatting Global Defaults
Printer # Global Defaults
Format Style # Global Defaults
Color Mode Global Defaults
Colors for Formatting Global Defaults
Blinking on Formatting Global Defaults
WordProcessor Type Global Defaults
Sort References Search Menu
Case Sensitivity Search Menu
Format Style Format Menu
Replace " With . . . Format Menu
Remove Subheadings Import Menu
Edit During Import Import Menu
Import Format Type Import Menu
Remove Printer Codes Export Menu
Uppercase Keywords Export Menu
Whenever you modify any of the above defaults, and then go to the
>Global Defaults Menu< and choose [D]efaults/[S]ave defaults+files,
all of the defaults listed above are saved into your Config file.
>>>>> Word Processor Input File <<<<<
This is a new file type that can be used with version 2.5 of JEPRS.
It can be used as input on the >Format Menu<. You create this file
with either WordPerfect 5.x or PC-Write 3.0, and it includes codes
that JEPRS can read in order to automatically generate a bibliography.
See the Advanced Topic in the chapter Formatting References for more
JEPRS User's Guide, page 94
information on using the JEPRS codes. See the chapter Global Defaults
for specifying which word processor you are using.
>>>>> Output Word Processor File <<<<<
This is a new file type that can be created with version 2.5 of
JEPRS. On the >Format Menu<, you can specify [O]utput=[W]ordProcessor
File, in which case JEPRS will send your output to this file, which
will be compatible with either WordPerfect 5.x or PC-Write 3.0; you
specify your word processor type on the >Global Defaults Menu<.
JEPRS User's Guide, page 95
A P P E N D I X T W O
_________
Upgrading Version 1.x to 2.x
####################################
Version 1.00, 1.10, and 1.11 of JEPRS used files called Format
files to store configuration and format style information. Starting
with version 2.0, these files are called Config files and are
incompatible with the version 1 files. However, a file called
JConvert.Exe is included for registered users that will automatically
convert your Format files to a Config file.
#####################################
**************
Converting Format Files to a Config File
**********
Before starting the conversion of Format files to a Config file,
you should do some preparation. That's because JConvert.Exe can use up
to nine of your Format files to create one all-encompassing Config
file. The number of Format files used, as well as their conversion
results, are listed here:
[ # of Format Files] [Destination in Config File]
1 Directory & Filename Defaults
5 Printer Definitions
3 Format Styles/Journal Definitions
Thus, JConvert can use up to 9 of your Format files. Of course, if you
have fewer than nine Format files, that's OK too, since you can just
use duplicates of your pre-existing Format files.
The rest of this chapter assumes you will be creating only one
Config file; if you wish to create several, you can do that by either
repeating the steps in this chapter or by using DOS's Copy command to
create duplicate Config files, and then use JEPRS to directly edit
those Config files.
Get a pen and a piece of paper. Look through your Format file(s) to
JEPRS User's Guide, page 96
see which one contains the directory and filename information you want
in your Config file. Write down the name and current directory of this
file.
Now write down the names of up to 5 Format files containing your
various printer definitions. Since JEPRS version 2.0 and above can
support up to 5 printer definitions in one Config file, you no longer
will need several Format files for this purpose. (If you have fewer
than 5 files, don't worry, we'll deal with this later.)
Now write down the names of up to 3 Format files that contain your
Format style/Journal definitions. JEPRS version 2.0 and above supports
up to 30 Format styles per Config file. (Again, if you have fewer than
3 files, we'll deal with this later.)
Now you're all set to start converting.
**************
Running JConvert
**********
You should have a file called JConvert.Exe in your JEPRS directory.
If you don't, go back to your distribution disk(s) and look for it
there; then copy it to your JEPRS directory or working disk. This file
is the program that will actually convert your Format files to a
Config file. JConvert.Exe is only provided to registered users.
Enter the program name at the DOS command line (you don't need to
add the `.Exe'):
C:\JEPRS> JConvert
A full-screen message will appear, describing the function of the
program, as well as a warning to be sure you know the names of your
Format files before continuing any further with the program. You can
press [Esc] now to stop the program. However, if you don't want to
stop, press any other key to continue.
Near the top of the screen is a reminder that pressing [Esc] at any
time will abandon creation of the Config file; if you press [Esc], the
Config file will be deleted but the Format files will remain intact
(in fact, JConvert will never modify or delete your Format files).
Realize that, unlike JEPRS, JConvert will not ask for confirmation
before terminating the program if you press [Esc].
The first prompt asks you for the name of the Config file. The
default name is ``JEPRS.Cfg'', but you can specify any file name (and
a DOS Path, if desired). You can also use JEPRS' standard editing
keys: [Ins], [Del], [Home], [End], [left arrow], and [right arrow].
Just remember that if you want to edit the filename rather than
replace it, press one of the editing keys before pressing any letters
or numbers, otherwise JConvert will replace the old filename. If the
filename you specified already exists, JConvert will warn you with the
message:
<Filename>
JEPRS User's Guide, page 97
...already exists. Overwrite it? (y/n)
Press [Y] to delete the old Config file and replace it with the one
you are about to create. If you press [N], then JConvert will leave
the old file alone, and will terminate the program.
JConvert will then ask you for the name of the Format file
containing the DIRECTORY/FILENAME information. The default name is
``Format.JPR'', but you can enter any filename. Type in the name of
the file you wrote down earlier, and press [Enter]. JConvert then
displays a message that it is reading in the Format file and then
writing to the Config file.
The next prompt is for the FIRST Format file containing PRINTER
information. The default name is the filename you entered for
directory/filename information. Again, you can use that name or enter
any other name. Enter the name of one of the files you wrote down
before. The program will then display a message stating that it's
reading in the FIRST printer format, and then writing it to the Config
file.
In a like manner, JConvert then asks you for the SECOND, THIRD,
FOURTH, and FIFTH Format files containing PRINTER information. Just
enter the names of the files you wrote down in the previous section of
this chapter. If you had fewer than 5 Format files with printer
information, just press [Enter] every time you are prompted for a new
filename. In this case, you'll just have duplicate printer definitions
in your Config file. Of course, you will be able to modify these later
on from within JEPRS. When you are finished converting your files, and
you finally start JEPRS with your new Config file, the printer
selection menu at the Global Defaults Menu will show the title of each
printer definition as the Format file from which it originated.
The last section of the program starts off by asking you for the
FIRST Format file containing FORMATTING CODES. Enter one of the three
names you wrote down on your list. Then JConvert displays a number
corresponding to each of the Format styles as it reads them in and
writes them to the Config file.
It then proceeds to ask you for the SECOND and THIRD Format files
containing FORMATTING CODES. Enter the two remaining Format filenames
on your list. If you don't have 3 Format files, just press [Enter]
when JConvert asks you for the filenames, and it will automatically
use the first filename you entered for formatting codes (and you'll
just end up with duplicate or triplicate codes which you can then
modify at the >Global Defaults Menu< in JEPRS).
When JConvert has successfully completed the conversion, the
following message will appear:
JConvert finished.
and your computer will beep. You will then be returned to DOS.
JEPRS User's Guide, page 98
A P P E N D I X T H R E E
_________
Practical Uses for Number Files
####################################
One of JEPRS' most underutilized features is the Number file. This
is a situation I hope to change with the addition of this chapter to
the Appendix.
#####################################
One of the features I required JEPRS to have was a way to keep
track of a specific set of references. This set would be one that
could be created by you, the user; for example during a search. Many
other programs will allow you to send the results of your search to a
file or the printer, but once you exit the program, that grouping of
references is lost until you perform another search.
But what if you're writing a paper and you need a group of
references for the bibliography, which are not obtainable by a simple
search? Most programs don't deal with this very well. You can enter
reference numbers at the keyboard, but what if you made a mistake in a
long list? The keyboard doesn't really sound like such a good idea. So
I came up with the idea of a Number file; this has the advantage of
both specificity (you can set up a group of references that wouldn't
necessarily be found together in a search) and modifiability (you can
use JEPRS to add references to a previous list, or use any standard
text editor to remove or change references in a previous list).
>>>>> An Example <<<<<
Recall that JEPRS can use Number files as input not only on the
>Format Menu<, but also on the >Export Menu<. Let's say you've just
finished a discussion with a colleague. You tell her that you have
five great papers that discuss a new Syrinx 2A vector you can use for
cloning genes, and those references are in JEPRS. Your colleague may
have JEPRS or some other reference management program that can read in
MedLine formatted files. (Or your colleague may even keep her
references in a generic database system that can read in comma-
delimited files.) Needless to say, your colleague does not relish the
idea of getting a printout from you and then typing your references
into her database. With the number file, there's an easier way.
JEPRS User's Guide, page 99
All you have to do is start up JEPRS, go to the >Search Menu< and
then: press [T]erms and specify `[K]' (for [K]eywords) and then enter
``Syrinx 2A''; press [G]o to start your search. Then press [F5] at the
>Search Results< screen to Mark all the references, then press [F8] to
send all the Marked references to the Number file.
Then press [Esc] twice to return to the >Main Menu<, select
[U]tilities, then select [E]xport. At the >Export Menu<, choose
[I]nput/[N]umber file, and choose [O]utput/[T]ext file. Then press
[G]o to start exporting. JEPRS will read in the numbers of the five
papers on the Syrinx 2A vector from the Number file, look up those
numbers in the database, format them according to the MedLine format,
and send them out to the Export File. Voil ! Then you just copy the
Export File to a floppy disk, hand it to your colleague, and she can
read it into her program (because any biomedical reference database
program worth its salt can read in a MedLine formatted file). This
procedure may sound complex at first, but once you try it, you'll see
how easy it really is.
>>>>> Why Numbered References? <<<<<
Let me explain why I instituted numbered references, and how I find
them useful in everyday experiences.
I initially tried keeping my article reprints in folders, based on
subject keywords. However, I quickly ran into the problem of one paper
with two primary keywords (say, Myogenesis and Transfection) and not
being able to decide which folder to put it in. So the very first
requirement for JEPRS was that it have a numbering system-one that the
user couldn't change, accidentally or otherwise. That way, I now keep
my photocopies in numerical order; if I need to find papers based on
subject, I can now just use JEPRS' >Search Menu<: this gives me the
reference number, which I then use to look in my filing cabinet of
numerically arranged references.
If a reference becomes outdated, I just recycle the paper it's
printed on, and mark one of its keywords as Deleted; before adding new
references, I do a search for Deleted in keywords to see if I can Edit
an old reference rather than Add a new one.
JEPRS User's Guide, page 100
JEPRS Version 2.5 Order Form
Printed Manual
Please send this form with payment to*:
Louis M. Miranda
400 Selby Avenue #301
St. Paul, MN 55102
Name:______________________________________________________
CompuServe ID number (optional):___________________________
Address:___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
Please specify the disk size you want JEPRS on:
()--3.5-inch disk ()--5.25-inch disks
REGISTRATION.
Registration is $49.95 per copy ordered (see the file called
Site_Lic.Doc for information on bulk pricing and site licenses).
Please register me for the latest version of JEPRS.
Also send me printed documentation and update
notices. I understand that six months of user support is
included in the registration price..............$__________
Postage and Handling: $4.00 ($10 outside USA/Canada)$__________
Total enclosed......................................$__________
Please send check or money order in US $ addressed
to "Louis M. Miranda". Purchase orders are also accepted.
*--If you cannot reach the author at that address, please try to
contact me through CompuServe (73567,471) or the ASP:
Association of Shareware Professionals
545 Grover Road
Muskegon, MI 49442-9427
JEPRS User's Guide, page 101
Index
4DOS Program 35 Help File 90
Add new references, samples Number File 91
54 Ref Key File 90
Adding references 22 Reference File 90
ASCII Codes, entering 86 Text File 91
ASP, Association of Shareware Files on disk 9
Professionals 7 Format screen colors 25
Author+Year 41 Format Style Codes
Automatic Bibliography aka Printer Codes 42
Generation 26 Format Styles
Beep, error/warning 32 Default 58
Bibliography, Automatic Editing 39
Generation 26 Selecting 57
BRS/Colleague files Formatting codes 42
Importing 72 Go To DOS 24, 34
CHR$ 36 Help key 19
Citation type 52 Importing files 71
CL-MedLine Importing references
Importing 71 Editing 72
Command line options 11 Indent Length 40
COMMAND.COM (DOS) 35 Installation 10
Compressing the Database 76 Journal definitions
COMSPEC (DOS) 35 Editing 39
Config file name 11 Journal Name 40
CONFIG.SYS (DOS) 35 Journal Number 40
Connector word 79, 83 Journal/Abstract/Book
Context-sensitive help 19 definitions 41
Current Contents on Diskette Listing References 21
Importing 71 Main Menu 17
Current Contents on Diskette Marking references 70
(CCOD) 28 MedLine files
Customer Support 8 Exporting 74
Database Importing 71
Creating 13 Memory
Defaults Available 17
Global 31 Total RAM 17
saving 33 Menu
Delete reference 46 Line 14
Directory, default 32 Title 14
DR-DOS Program 35 Messages window 14
Entering ASCII Codes 86 Modify Search Menu 69
Entering Special Codes 85 New Features 4
Exiting the program 16 Number File 29, 98
Exporting references 74 Optional inclusion 42
File names, changing 32 Ordering information 34
Filenames 31 Page number (\P) 37
Files 31 Page numbers 87
Config File 92 PaperChase 28, 72
Help 20 Importing 71
JEPRS User's Guide, page 102
PC-Write 24, 34 67
Printer Starting JEPRS 11
form-feed 34 System information 17
initialization code 37 System Requirements 5
name 37 Text file formatting 32
number 37 Time and date 18
reset code 37 TSR (Terminate & Stay Resident)
selecting 33 program 35
Printer codes 36, 81 Unregistered Version 6, 18
Printer definition 84 Use Printer # 24
Printer definitions Vendor.Doc file 7
editing 35 Version number, DOS 18
Saving 38 Version number, JEPRS 18
Printing Welcome Screen 11
attributes (underlining, Why Numbered References? 99
etc.) 38 Word Processor Type 24, 34
characters per line 37 WordPerfect 24, 34
form feed last page 38 WordPerfect Text Boxes 26
header 37
left margin 37
lines per page 38
pause after each page 38
title 37
top margin 38
Printing attributes
codes 43
Prompts vs. Menus 14
Reference type 52
References
Number of in reference file
18
Number of relocated 18
Registering 6
Replacing citations
Author+Year 26
Sequential Numbers 26
Save Defaults+Files 24
Screen color options 12
Screen colors 33
Screen design 14
Search Results Screen 68
Search terms 63
Searchable fields 63
Searching
Case sensitivity 67
Sorting 68
Searching references 23
Sequential Numbers 41
Shareware 6
Sort references during format
40
Sorting
using Matches to free memory