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- `DARK' PLANES ALTERED AVIATION WHILE LAUNCHING UFO HYSTERIA 15/01/96
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- Source: Insight Magazine
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- For the past 50 years, the military has shrouded its most clandestine
- operations in the remote deserts of California and Nevada, producing aircraft
- that pushed the limits of technology and military intelligence. With evocative
- names such as Dreamland, the Ranch, Area 51 and Groom Lake, these secluded test
- sites served as launching pads for aeronautical innovation, not to mention
- several waves of UFO hysteria. It was commonly known that "something strange
- was going on in the desert," but accounts in the media ranged from partial
- truths to complete fabrications.
-
- In Dark Eagles: A History of Top Secret U.S. Aircraft (Presidio Press, 400
- pp), aviation historian Curtis Peebles doggedly extracts fact from a mountain
- of speculation and conjecture that festered during the Cold War. Sifting
- through volumes of declassified military documents, he chronicles the
- development of a series of "black" airplanes - planes tested and operated under
- deep secrecy -and the fundamental changes in airpower and military strategy
- that resulted from such efforts.
-
- The book opens at the dawn of the jet age with a detailed explanation of the
- XP59A, the first black airplane produced and tested in the early 1940s. Peebles
- then focuses on the United States' quest for information about the Soviet Union
- during the 1950s and developments in reconnaissance aircraft, especially the
- U2. He uncovers the earliest beginnings of stealth technology and the success
- Lockheed Corp. reached with the Have Blue 1001, a plane virtually invisible to
- ground radar, and the phased out ultrasecret A-12, one of the most exotic
- aircraft ever built. Jet and stealth technology then converge to produce the
- F-117A Senior Trend, the aircraft credited with the swift Allied victory in the
- Persian Gulf War.
-
- Laden with technical detail, Dark Eagles appeals more to the aerospace
- aficionado than the curious layman. Peebles painstakingly presents the
- development of each aircraft textbook style - replete with footnotes. The
- book's cast of characters changes with the crew of each new plane, and readers
- unfamiliar with military history may find it difficult to appreciate the
- author's finer points. For example, each chapter begins with a quote from Sun
- Tzu, a fourth century B.C. military strategist and reputed author of the great
- Chinese classic Ping-fa (The Art of War), although Sun Tzu is never identified
- in the book.
-
- If the reader is patient enough, however, Dark Eagles offers intriguing
- anecdotes: narrow escapes in enemy territory, botched flights and lost planes,
- secret reconnaissance missions and Cold War hostilities. The F-117A project was
- so clandestine that the pilots could fly only at night - like vampires, they
- were indoors before sun up.
-
- "There was one thing wrong with flying higher than any other man had flown,"
- says U-2 pilot Francis Gary Powers. "You couldn't brag about it."
-
- But efforts to keep the eagles in the dark did not go unchecked. Peebles
- focuses on the adversarial relationship between the press and the military and
- reiterates a debate that fomented during the Cuban Missile Crisis and
- resurfaced during the gulf war: "What is more important - the public's right to
- know or national security?" Peebles' opinion is undeniably clear. He criticizes
- the fourth estate's attempt to shed light on the black aircraft during the Cold
- War - reports that informed the American people but also gave clues to the
- Soviets that helped them develop their own spy planes.
-
- In the final chapters, Peebles grows increasingly impassioned, lauding the
- successes of the dark eagles and lamenting the public's obsession with the
- Aurora, a rumored stealth aircraft that is believed to achieve Mach 5 (3,800
- mph) and reach altitudes of more than 100,000 feet. Despite several formal
- denials by Pentagon officials, antigovernment hysteria has linked the Aurora to
- sightings of flying saucers.
-
- In fact, Peebles has written about the Aurora and UFOs extensively, most
- recently in Watch the Skies! A Chronicle of the Flying Saucer Myth. Again, he
- blames the media - including television shows such as the X-Files and Hard Copy
- - for fueling outlandish government conspiracy theories. According to Peebles,
- no member of the popular press is immune to sensationalism. "The media at all
- levels increasingly slips into a tabloid mentality," he writes in Dark Eagles,
- "and coverage is often presented as entertainment, where the `story' becomes
- more important than the facts, and the truth becomes irrelevant."
-
- Certainly, Dark Eagles makes no attempt to resemble a Tom Clancy thriller.
- Instead, it offers an informative if academic glimpse into the military's most
- closely guarded secrets - those Peebles believes will carry aeronautical
- innovation into the 21st century. "Out in the desert at a place whose name is
- never spoken," he concludes, "the future of military aviation technology
- awaits."
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