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- NEW TELESCOPE TO LISTEN FOR TV FROM SPACE 28/01/96
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- The Sunday Times
- By Steve Connor - Science Correspondent.
-
- AN AMBITIOUS plan to look for intelligent life on other planets and peer into
- black holes with a radio telescope the size of 150 football pitches emerged in
- Britain last week.
-
- Scientists who met at Jodrell Bank in Cheshire, where the first radio telescope
- was built 50 years ago, said the new instrument would be hundreds of times more
- sensitive than today's most powerful telescopes.
-
- Unlike the Hubble space telescope, it will be able to focus on extremely faint
- sources of radiation emanating from distant stars and galaxies. As a radio
- telescope, it will also exploit a far broader range of the radiation spectrum
- than Hubble, which detects only light.
-
- The telescope, to be built over the next 15 years, will cover an area of 11m sq
- ft, and measure nearly three quarters of a mile accross. It will be able to
- detect radio signals from about 15 billion light years away - the outside edge
- of the universe. Because this radiation has taken billions of years to reach
- Earth, scientists hope it will provide new evidence about the Big Bang, the
- primordial explosion thought to have created the universe.
-
- "This allows us to see these galaxies at the time when they were forming. We
- should be able to look back to 90% of the age of the universe. We don't know
- exactly what we'll find." said Dr Robert Braun, an astronomer at the national
- astronomy foundation in the Netherlands.
-
- Dr Peter Wilkinson, a Jodrell Bank scientist who helped to organise last week's
- summit, said one of the more ambitious objectives was to search for any
- artificial radio signals eminating from the broadcasts of intelligent lifeforms
- on other planets.
-
- Present radio telescopes would only detect strong alien transmissions that were
- deliberately sent in the direction of Earth, said Wilkinson. "If you had an
- enormous telescope then you could pick up other transmissions, for instance if
- they had radio or TV broadcasts. If other civilisations had a big telescope
- looking at us they could tell there is something unnatuaral here just by our
- radio and TV broadcasts."
-
- Dr John Dreher, and American astronomer involved in the search for
- extraterrestrial intelligence, said the new telescope would be sensitive enough
- to detect TV-like broadcasts of alien life living between 10 and 20 light years
- away. The giant telescope will eventually be linked electronically to smaller
- radio telescopes in orbit around Earth to create a network of radio telescopes
- with an even wider collecting area. This will enable astronomers to separate
- two distant sources of radiation that are so close as to be indistinguishable
- with conventional telescopes on Earth.
-
- Wilkinson said one of the most important objectives of the new telescope was to
- search for black holes, intensely violent areas formed by collapsed stars with
- such strong gravitational fields that all nearby matter and even light is
- sucked in. "We want to find out whether there is a black hole at the centre of
- every galaxy, including out own," he said.
-
- Traditional optical instruments, such as the Hubble telescope, are hampered in
- their search for black holes by massive dust clouds which obscure their view.
- Unlike light, however, radio waves can penetrate dust, enabling radio
- telescopes to "look" inside black holes.
-
- Because the new telescope will be 200 times bigger than Jodrell Bank,
- strikingly different technology will have to be applied. Instead of one giant
- steel dish, scientists envisage hundreds or even thousands of dishes, each
- computer-controlled to focus on the faintest radio waves from distant starts.
-
- Some scientists believe the telescope should be sited in Britain, because of
- its distinguished history of radio radioastronomy, dating back to the discovery
- of Radio Waves in space by Sir Bernard Lovell in 1947. Others favour rural
- central Eurpoe or the desert of the Australian interior, where there is less
- risk of radio interference from built-up areas.
-
- The astronomers who met last week will draw up a detailed financial ploposal
- over the next two two years to secure a 100-200m ukp to build the instrument.
- It will come about through international collaboration, as the project is too
- big for any one country.
-
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