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Ahoy 1986 June
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Ahoy_Magazine_86-06_1986_Double_L.d64
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HOW TO DO IT IN COMAL 0.14
** How to start C64 COMAL 0.14
Put COMAL disk into drive then type:
load "boot*",8
run
** How to return to BASIC from COMAL
Type the command:
basic
** How to see what is on a disk
Put the disk into the drive. Type:
cat
The CTRL key slows the display
scroll.
** How to retrieve programs from disk
Put the disk into the drive. Find the
program name exact spelling (see CAT
above). Type the command (replace
name with the name of the program you
want):
load "name"
** How to run a program that is
already in the computer
Issue the command:
run
** How to run a program from disk
Put the disk into the drive. Find the
exact program name (see CAT above).
Type the command (replace name with
the name of the program you want to
run):
chain "name"
** How to stop a running program
Press the STOP key. If that doesn't
work, press the RESTORE key and STOP
key simultaneously (resets COMAL).
** How to look at a program
If the program is not in the computer
yet, first LOAD the program:
load "name"
To see the program in the computer
type:
list
The CTRL key slows down the display.
To pause it, press the SPACE BAR.
Press SPACE again to resume. See page
38 of COMAL From A To Z for more
information.
** How to write a new program
Issue the commands:
new
auto
Now, type in the program. Hit RETURN
key twice in a row to stop the AUTO
mode. See the free COMAL INFO booklet
for more info.
** How to erase lines in a program
Find the line number of the line to
be erased (line 100 in this example),
then issue a DEL command:
del 100
You may delete a block of lines all
at once. Find the first and last line
numbers in the block of lines (lines
500 thru 750 for this example), then
issue a DEL command:
del 500-750
See page 20 of COMAL From A To Z for
more info.
** How to add lines to the end of a
program
The program must be in the computer.
Find the last line number currently
used (630 for this example). Then
issue the command:
auto 640
Specify a starting line that is 10
more than the last line in the
program.
** How to add lines in the middle of
a program
The program must be in the computer.
Locate the place you wish to add a
line. For example, between the
following:
0040 PRINT "WELCOME TO MY PROGRAM"
0050 PRINT "HOPE YOU ENJOY IT"
Type in the line to add, using a line
number between the two lines.
0045 PRINT "WRITTEN ON DEC 25, 1985"
Numbering a program by 10's allows
you to easily add up to 9 lines
between any current lines.
** How to renumber a program
If you add or delete lines in a
program, it is easy to restore the
program to be numbered by 10's. Issue
the command:
renum
See page 51 of COMAL From A To Z for
more information about RENUM.
** How to store a program on disk
Type the command (replace name with
the name that you wish to store the
program as):
save "name"
** How to merge program segments
COMAL allows you to store common
routines and useful procedures on
disk in ASCII form so that they may
later be merged into other programs.
To store the routines to disk use the
LIST command (with appropriate line
number range) with an added file name
after it:
list 9600-9730 "filename"
In COMAL 0.14 the line numbers are
significant - and you must be careful
that they do not conflict with the
line numbers in the program they are
merged into. To avoid this problem,
you may wish to renumber the routines
in the 9000 line number range. Later,
you can merge that segment into
another program:
FROM COMAL 0.14:
enter "filename"
** How to list a program on the
printer
Make sure the program is in the
computer. Issue the commands:
select "lp:"
list
** How to set printer auto linefeeds
linefeed+ turns linefeeds on
linefeed- turns linefeeds off
** How to access the device and
secondary address
Send all output to printer device 4,
secondary address 7 (lower case
mode):
open file 255,"lp:",unit 4,7,write
select "lp:"
Send output to device 5 printer:
open file 255,"lp:",unit 5,write
select "lp:"
Access to disk drive device 9 rather
than default device 8 by adding a
",9" at the end of many commands:
save "name",9
load "name",9
chain "name",9
open file 2,"name",unit 9,read
** How to flip text and graphics
screens
Initialize the graphics screen the
first time (choose type of screen 0
or 1):
setgraphic 0 // <-- hi res
setgraphic 1 // <-- multi-color
Once the screen is chosen, you can
flip between graphics and text easily
with the function keys:
f1 - flips to the text screen
f3 - flips to the graphics screen
with text window at top
(called split screen)
f5 - flips to the graphics screen