Day 007 - 06 Jul 94 - Page 14

     
     1        process.  My knowledge would be that it is benzine that is
              further processed into a styrene molecule.
     2
         Q.   And, therefore, styrene is a bi-product of the petroleum
     3        industry?
              A.  It is.
     4
         Q.   Are the people who make styrene or produce styrene, are
     5        they the petroleum companies, producers, refiners?
              A.  Essentially, yes.
     6
         Q.   When people make items of packaging which you buy for
     7        McDonald's, are they separate people?  Or are they the
              same petrochemical people?
     8        A.  They can be separate.  They can be the same.  For
              instance, Mobil chemical company produces both polystyrene
     9        resin pellets and sells that to their converting
              operations and they make foam containers for us, but
    10        another foam converter we used in the past was Delco, a
              very small company that only had the converting process,
         and would essentially have to buy resin, the polystyrene
              pellets, from Mobil.
    12
         Q.   When the polystyrene is delivered to the person who is
    13        going to make the packaging for you, it is not in the form
              of foam?
    14        A.  No.
 
    15   Q.   It has to be created?
              A.  Right.  It comes to the manufacturer, the converter,
    16        of the package in very large boxes called gaylords(?);
              some are 800 lbs or so of small peas -- they are not
    17        grains of sand, not that small; they are handlable.  It
              comes in those bean forms.
    18
         Q.   Sort of granules?
    19        A.  Granules, yes, may be rough sugar.
 
    20   Q.   Rough sugar.  Then that is in some way expanded into a
              foam which can then be moulded?
         A.  Yes, it is.
 
    22   Q.   Into packaging.  What are the agents presently in use in
              the world, to your knowledge, to make polystyrene foam to
    23        expand it?
              A.  Predominantly hydrocarbons, either pentane or butane.
    24        Some use carbon dioxide, either by itself or blended with
              a hydrocarbon.
    25
         Q.   Going back in history, there was a time in the United 
    26        States when McDonald's used a good deal of polystyrene 
              foam, was there not? 
    27        A.  There was.
 
    28   Q.   From about the mid 1970s?
              A.  Yes, from the 70's through the mid 80's.
    29
         MR. JUSTICE BELL:  We had better get our terminology right.  If
    30        an American says "through Wednesday" he means to
              Wednesday, does he not?