Day 297 - 08 Nov 96 - Page 08

     
     1        cause you want to take.  But cause and effect is not
     2        established, is what he said.  However, neither is it for
     3        smoking and that does not mean that it is not a very real
     4        risk or a cause for concern.  That was not a comment but
     5        the bit I referred to about the Armstrong and Doll report
     6        was on day 17, page 22.
     7
     8        Dr. Arnott also agreed that it was fair to say that since
     9        nutritional status also influenced age at menarche the
    10        effects of calorific intake on the incidence of breast
    11        cancer are mediated not only by obesity but also by age at
    12        menarche.  That was day 17, page 31.
    13
    14        The proposition that due to the ignorance of scientists as
    15        to whether the effects of calories from fat differ from
    16        calories in carbohydrates and proteins, whether or not
    17        because of that it is preferable to regard excess calories
    18        from any source as the important factor, was considered to
    19        be very reasonable by Dr. Arnott.  I think that included
    20        sugar as well.  That was on day 17, page 32.
    21
    22        Dr. Arnott obviously was convinced by the evidence
    23        associating a high intake of fat, particularly saturated
    24        fat, with coronary heart disease.  That was on day 17, page
    25        38.
    26
    27        During cross-examination, Professor Wheelock agreed that it
    28        makes sense for many people to reduce the total amount of
    29        fat and sugar in the diet, and he agreed fully with the
    30        recommendations regarding saturated fat and total fat made
    31        in the dietary reference values for food, energy and
    32        nutrients for the UK.  That was on day 21, page 6.
    33
    34        He confirmed that a raised cholesterol level is one of the
    35        risk factors for heart disease.  That was day 21, page 15.
    36
    37        He also agreed that eating salt increases the risk of heart
    38        disease -- well, sodium content, the higher the sodium
    39        content of the diet the increased risk of heart disease and
    40        stroke.  That was on day 21, page 26.
    41
    42        Professor Wheelock also agreed with the grey book, the
    43        dietary reference values, page 74 point 5.6.3, that the
    44        average intake of non-milk extrinsic sugars should not
    45        exceed 60 grams or 10 percent of total dietary energy.
    46        That was day 21, page 17.
    47
    48        He further agreed with the contents of the Healthy Eating
    49        Food Sense leaflet - I think that is found behind the
    50        references of Jane Brophy - which recommended that we need
    51        to choose food which provides high food value per calorie
    52        and that foods to reduce are fatty and sugary foods and
    53        sugar can be cut out altogether.  That was on day 21, page
    54        26.
    55
    56        Just while we are on the point about sugar, the point about
    57        sugar that was raised yesterday, I did say that whilst it
    58        might not be considered particularly bad in itself,
    59        obviously it contributes to excess calories, and also I did
    60        make the point that it displaces other energy sources which