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$Unique_ID{BRK03883}
$Pretitle{}
$Title{Ivemark Syndrome}
$Subject{Ivemark Syndrome Asplenia Syndrome Bilateral Right-Sidedness Sequence
Splenic Agenesis Syndrome Bilateral Left-Sidedness Sequence }
$Volume{}
$Log{}
Copyright (C) 1989 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
740:
Ivemark Syndrome
** IMPORTANT **
It is possible that the main title of the article (Ivemark Syndrome) is
not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYM listing to find the
alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
Synonyms
Asplenia Syndrome
Bilateral Right-Sidedness Sequence
Splenic Agenesis Syndrome
Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related
Disorders section of this report:
Bilateral Left-Sidedness Sequence
General Discussion
** REMINDER **
The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
section of this report.
Ivemark Syndrome is a rare progressive disorder usually evident at birth.
It is characterized by the absence of a spleen, malformations of the
cardiovascular system and abnormal displacement of the abdomen and
intestines.
Symptoms
Ivemark Syndrome is characterized by the absence of the spleen and multiple
heart, lung, genitourinary and gastrointestinal abnormalities. There may be
an abnormal displacement of the stomach to the right or left side of the
body. The lungs are mirror imaged (isomerism) with both resembling a normal
right lung. The bowel may be rotated improperly and may have an obstruction
due to a knotting or twisting of the intestinal tract (volvulus). Other
symptoms may include shortness of breath (dyspnea), a blue discoloration of
the skin (cyanosis), lack of vitality, generalized wasting and cardiac
failure due to the severe heart abnormalities. Physical and mental
development may be retarded.
Diagnosis of Ivemark Syndrome is usually made by blood smears that show
the presence of smooth, round nuclear particles (Howell-Jolly or Heinz
bodies) seen in slides of stained red blood cells (erythrocytes).
Causes
The exact cause of Ivemark Syndrome is not known. Some scientists believe
it may be inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. Human traits, including
the classic genetic diseases, are the product of the interaction of two
genes, one received from the father and one from the mother. In recessive
disorders, the condition does not appear unless a person inherits the same
defective gene for the same trait from each parent. If one receives one
normal gene and one gene for the disease, the person will be a carrier for
the disease, but usually will show no symptoms. The risk of transmitting the
disease to the children of a couple, both of whom are carriers for a
recessive disorder, is twenty-five percent. Fifty percent of their children
will be carriers, but healthy as described above. Twenty-five percent of
their children will receive both normal genes, one from each parent, and will
be genetically normal.
Affected Population
Ivemark Syndrome is a rare disorder that affects males three times more often
than females.
Related Disorders
Symptoms of the following disorder can be similar to Ivemark Syndrome.
Comparisons may be useful for a differential diagnosis.
Bilateral Left-Sidedness Sequence or Polysplenia Syndrome is a rare
disorder characterized by two or more spleens and multiple abnormalities of
the heart, lungs and gastrointestinal tract. The stomach may be on either
side of the body with a liver on both sides. The lungs are mirror imaged
resembling a normal left lung and the intestines may be malrotated.
Therapies: Standard
Ultrasound examination of a pregnant woman can identify a fetus with Ivemark
Syndrome prenatally. After birth, antibiotic therapy may be prescribed to
help reduce the incidence of infection. Surgery may be indicated to relieve
some of the symptoms or abnormalities associated with this syndrome. Genetic
counseling may be of benefit for patients and their families. Other
treatment is symptomatic and supportive.
Therapies: Investigational
This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
January 1990. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
current information about this disorder.
Resources
For more information on Ivemark Syndrome, please contact:
National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
P.O. Box 8923
New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
(203) 746-6518
NIH/ National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHHD)
9000 Rockville Pike
Bethesda, MD 20892
(301) 496-5133
For genetic information and genetic counselling referrals:
March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
White Plains, NY 10605
(914) 428-7100
Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
Chevy Chase, MD 20815
(800) 336-GENE
(301) 652-5553
References
MENDELIAN INHERITANCE IN MAN, 7th ed.: Victor A. McKusick; Johns Hopkins
University Press, 1986. Pp. 826
SMITH'S RECOGNIZABLE PATTERNS OF HUMAN MALFORMATION, 4th ed., Kenneth L.
Jones, M.D.; W.B. Saunders Co. 1988. Pp. 543.
IVEMARK SYNDROME IN SIBLINGS. R. Hurwitz, et al.; CLIN GENET, (July 1982,
issue 22 (1)). Pp. 7-11.
PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS OF ASPLENIA/POLYSPLENIA SYNDROME. D. Chitayat, et
al.; AM J OBSTET GYNECOL, (May 1988, issue 158 (5)). Pp. 1085-1087.
PROLONGED AND FUNCTIONAL SURVIVAL WITH THE ASPLENIA SYNDROME. M. Wolfe,
et al.; AM J MED, (December 1986, issue 81 (6)). Pp. 1089-1091.
THE ASPLENIA SYNDROME: AN EXPLANATION FOR ABSENCE OF THE SPLEEN. I.
Monie; TERATOLOGY, (June 1983, issue 27, (3)). Pp. 301-304.
CONGENITAL ASPLENIA: IMMUNOLOGIC ASSESSMENT AND A CLINICAL REVIEW OF
EIGHT SURVIVING PATIENTS. W. Bigger, et al.; PEDIATRICS, (April 1981, issue
67 (4)). Pp. 548-551.
CONGENITAL ABNORMALITIES AND ANOMALIES OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. H.
Mishalany, et al.; SURGERY (January 1982, issue 91 (1)). Pp. 38-41.
ASPLENIA SYNDROME WITH ATYPICAL CARDIAC ANOMALIES. W. Berman, et al.;
PEDIATR CARDIOL (1982, issue 3 (1)). Pp. 35-38.