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$Unique_ID{BRK04172}
$Pretitle{}
$Title{Renal Agenesis, Bilateral}
$Subject{Renal Agenesis, Bilateral Kidney Agenesis Renal Agenesis
Oligohydramnios Sequence (Potter Syndrome) Cat-Eye Syndrome Fraser Syndrome
Melnick-Fraser Syndrome MURCS Association Rokitansky Sequence Sirenomelia
Sequence Unilateral Renal Agenesis }
$Volume{}
$Log{}
Copyright (C) 1990 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
691:
Renal Agenesis, Bilateral
** IMPORTANT **
It is possible that the main title of the article (Bilateral Renal
Agenesis) is not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYM listing to
find the alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
Synonyms
Kidney Agenesis
Renal Agenesis
Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related
Disorders section of this report:
Oligohydramnios Sequence (Potter Syndrome)
Cat-Eye Syndrome
Fraser Syndrome
Melnick-Fraser Syndrome
MURCS Association
Rokitansky Sequence
Sirenomelia Sequence
Unilateral Renal Agenesis
General Discussion
** REMINDER **
The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
section of this report.
Bilateral Renal Agenesis is the absence of both kidneys at birth. It is
a genetic disorder characterized by a failure of the kidneys to develop in a
fetus. This absence of kidneys causes a deficiency of amniotic fluid
(Oligohydramnios) in a pregnant woman. Normally, the amniotic fluid acts as
a cushion for the developing fetus. When there is an insufficient amount of
this fluid, compression of the fetus may occur resulting in further
malformations of the baby.
This disorder is more common in infants born of a parent who has a kidney
malformation, particularly the absence of one kidney (unilateral renal
agenesis). Studies have proven that unilateral renal agenesis and bilateral
renal agenesis are genetically related.
Symptoms
Bilateral renal agenesis is characterized by the absence of kidneys and of
urine in a baby. The face usually consists of wide-set eyes; a "parrot beak"
nose; a receding chin, and large low set ears deficient in cartilage. Other
symptoms may include excess and dehydrated skin, a prominent fold at the
corner of each eye, the facial expression of an older infant, and deformities
of the hands and feet.
Premature labor, breech delivery and a disproportionately low birthweight
are often associated with bilateral renal agenesis. The baby may also have
multiple malformations including in females the absence of a uterus and upper
vagina, or in males an absence of seminal vesicles and spermatic duct.
Gastro-intestinal malformations such as the absence of a rectum, esophagus
and duodenum may also occur. Symptoms may further include the presence of
only a single umbilical artery, and major deformities of the lower part of
the body and the lower limbs.
Causes
Bilateral renal agenesis is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder. Human
traits, including the classic genetic diseases, are the product of the
interaction of two genes, one received from the father and one from the
mother. In dominant disorders a single copy of the disease gene (received
from either the mother or father) will be expressed "dominating" the other
normal gene and resulting in appearance of the disease. The risk of
transmitting the disorder from affected parent to offspring is fifty percent
for each pregnancy regardless of the sex of the resulting child.
Bilateral renal agenesis tends to occur when at least one parent has a
kidney malformation or the absence of a kidney (unilateral kidney agenesis).
Affected Population
Bilateral renal agenesis is found in male infants more frequently than
females. It tends to occur in the children of parents having kidney
abnormalities. It is a very rare disorder.
Related Disorders
Symptoms of the following disorders can be similar to those of Bilateral
Renal Agenesis. Comparisons may be useful for a differential diagnosis:
Oligohydramnios Sequence (Potter Syndrome) is characterized by an
insufficient level of amniotic fluid. It may be caused by the absence of
urinary output by the fetus or by chronic leakage of fluid from the amniotic
sack.
Cat-Eye Syndrome (Coloboma of Iris-Anal Atresis Syndrome), is a disorder
which is characterized by a fissure in the iris of the eye and the absence of
an anal opening. Other abnormalities may include renal agenesis.
Fraser Syndrome (Cryptophthalmos Syndrome) is a genetic disorder in which
the infant is born with sealed eyelids and incomplete development of the
sexual organs.
Melnick-Fraser Syndrome (Branchio-Oto-Renal Syndrome) is a genetic
disorder characterized by hearing loss and kidney malformations, including
renal agenesis.
MURCS Association (Mullerian Duct, Renal and Cervical Vertebral Defects)
is a rare disorder characterized by malformation of the vertebrae, and
absence of a vagina and kidneys.
Rokitansky Sequence is a disorder in which the vagina and uterus are
incompletely formed.
Sirenomelia Sequence results in the growth of a single lower extremity.
(For more information on this disorder, choose "Sirenomelia" as your search
term in the Rare Disease Database.
Unilateral Renal Agenesis is the presence of only one kidney at birth.
Therapies: Standard
Treatment of bilateral renal agenesis is symptomatic and supportive.
Therapies: Investigational
Research into the cause of renal agenesis is ongoing, with the hope of
identifying the gene that causes this birth defect.
This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
July 1990. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
current information about this disorder.
Resources
For more information on this Bilateral Renal Agenesis, please contact:
National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
P.O. Box 8923
New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
(203) 746-6518
National Kidney Foundation
2 Park Avenue
New York, NY 10016
(212) 889-2210
(800) 622-9010
American Kidney Fund
6110 Executive Blvd., Suite 1010
Rockville, MD 20852
(301) 881-3052
(800) 638-8299
(800) 492-8361 (MD)
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
9000 Rockville Pike
Bethesda, MD 20892
(301) 496-3585
For genetic information and genetic counseling referrals:
March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
White Plains, NY 10605
(914) 428-7100
Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
Chevy Chase, MD 20815
(800) 336-GENE
(301) 652-5553
References
MENDELIAN INHERITANCE IN MAN, 8th ed.: Victor A. McKusick; Johns Hopkins
University Press, 1986. Pp. 749-750.
SMITH'S RECOGNIZABLE PATTERNS OF HUMAN MALFORMATION, 4th ed.: Kenneth
Lyons Jones, M.D.; W.B. Saunders Company, 1988. Pp. 572-573.