Simtel MSDOS 1992 September

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ZYAC (Version 1.2) User's Guide Author: Gregory D. Elder Updated: February 17, 1987 No, not Yet Another Compiler but Zenith Yet Another Calculator (ZYAC) program! I wrote ZYAC specifically for the Z100. It allows you to use a Z100 as a scientific-like calculator. With ZYAC 1.2, I created a version for the IBM-PC. ZYAC was written entirely using Computer Innovation's C compiler. ZYAC is released to the public domain. It may not be sold or exchanged for gain of any sort without written permission from the author. Z100 USERS PLEASE NOTE: SINCE ZYAC USES THE H19 GRAPHICS CHARACTER SET, ENSURE YOU BOOT YOUR Z100 WITH THE GRAPHICS CHARACTER SET IN THE ALTCHAR.SYS FILE. ZYAC is distributed with the following files: ZYAC.DOC - Documentation file (this file). ZYACZ100.EXE - Version of ZYAC for Z100's. ZYACIBM.EXE - Version of ZYAC for IBM-PC's. EXAMP.ZYC - Example of a ZYAC save file. Before using ZYAC, copy the appropriate version to your working disk and rename the program to ZYAC. For example, if you are using a Z100, copy ZYACZ100.EXE to your working disk. Then, rename the file with the DOS rename command as shown below: REN ZYACZ100.EXE ZYAC.EXE STARTING ZYAC To start ZYAC, simply type ZYAC<CR> or ZYAC filename<CR> at the DOS prompt. (The symbol <CR> represents the RETURN key. Whenever you see it in this manual it means to press the RETURN key.) The optional filename may be a file containing initial values for ZYAC's two memory registers and programmable function keys. More about this feature will be explained later. After ZYAC starts operating, various windows are drawn on the screen. The middle of the screen will display the image of a calculator. At the top of the calculator is a window I call the numeric window (NW). The numeric window echoes the numbers you type in, as well as displaying the results of any operations you perform. For Z100 users, the keys shown on the calculator correspond to the keys on the Z100's keypad. For example, pressing the UP-ARROW key on the keypad causes ZYAC to perform a multiplication operation. For IBM-PC users, the calculator keys do NOT relate to any particular keyboard keypad layout. This is because of the different types of keypads found on IBM-PC's and IBM clones. The various key operations will be described later. On the left hand side of the screen is the menu/help window. This window displays the two ZYAC menus. In addition, a brief description of ZYAC is shown in this window whenever the <HELP> key is depressed on the Z100, or the H key on the IBM-PC. On the ZYAC Version 1.2 Users Guide Page 2 right hand side of the screen are five windows. The operator window at top displays the current operator key depressed by the user. The two memory windows located below the operator window show the values saved in memory1 and memory2. Finally, below the memory windows are windows for function keys F1 and F2. These windows show the current calculator functions programmed for these two keys. The bottom of the screen displays a menu showing the operations for certain function keys. ENTERING NUMBERS Numbers may be entered by typing the numeric keys on the keypad or keyboard. Real numbers as well as integers may be typed in. Furthermore, for very large or very small numbers, scientific notation is supported. When typing in numbers, you may enter in as many digits as will fit in the numeric window (16 characters). ZYAC, however, will only display real numbers out to 8 decimal places with non- significant zeros dropped off. For example, if you entered the number 9999.012345678 and then added 0 to it, ZYAC would display 9999.01234568. (Since it only displays out to the eighth decimal place it rounded the 7 up to an 8.) Furthermore, ZYAC will display results in scientific notation as needed. A scientific notation number is one in the form of [-]x.xxxxxxxxE[-]xxx. The x's represent digits and the minus signs are optional (if they aren't there then the number is positive). E, of course, represents power of ten. For example, 2.983E008 means 2.983 times 10 raised to the 8th power. This would be the number 298300000. Users may use the 'E' key on the keyboard for entering numbers in scientific notation if desired. Simply type in the numeric part followed by 'E'. If the exponent is to be a negative value, then hit the <+/-> key after the 'E' to change the sign. Finally, type in the exponent part. (The <+/-> key is the <HOME> key or the '~' key on Z100's. On IBM-PC's, the '~' key is the <+/-> key.) Notice that hitting the <+/-> key after typing the exponent will result in changing the sign of the number and not its exponent. You can only change the sign of the exponent after you have typed the 'E' and before you have entered the actual exponent part. If you have already entered the exponent and wish to change its sign, simply use the BACKSPACE or DELETE key to backup to the 'E'. Then, change the sign and reenter the exponent part. USING ZYAC ZYAC is an Algebraic Operating System (AOS) calculator, i.e., it operates similar to a Texas Instrument calculator and not a reverse polish notation system. This means you enter the numbers and operators the same as if they were written on paper. For example, to do 10 - 5 + 3 = 8 you would enter 10, hit the minus operator, enter 5, hit the plus operator, enter 3, and then hit the equal operator. The result, 8, would finally be ZYAC Version 1.2 Users Guide Page 3 displayed. ZYAC does not have any operator precedence rules. All operations are performed left to right. Therefore, 10 - 6 * 8 is processed like (10 - 6) * 8 and not 10 - (6 * 8). ZYAC COMMANDS Each ZYAC command is shown and described below. Z100 IBM-PC KEY KEY FUNCTION ==== ====== ======== UP-ARROW * Multiplication operator (*). The UP-ARROW * on the Z100 keypad and the '*' key on the keyboard may be used for multiplication operations. The '*' key on the IBM-PC is the only valid key for multiplication. DOWN-ARROW + Addition operator (+). The DOWN-ARROW on + the Z100 keypad and the '+' key on the keyboard may be used for addition operations. The '+' key on the IBM-PC is the only valid key for addition. RIGHT- / Divison operator (/). The RIGHT-ARROW on ARROW, / the Z100 keypad and the '/' key on the keyboard may be used for divide operations. The '/' key on the IBM-PC is the only valid key for division. If a divide by zero is attempted, a "DIVIDE BY 0" message will be shown in the numeric window. LEFT- % Percent operator (%). The LEFT-ARROW on ARROW, % the Z100 keypad and the '%' key on the keyboard may be used for percent operations. The '%' key on the IBM-PC is the only valid key for percent operations. Percent simply divides the current number by 100. - - Minus key (-) on the Z100 keypad or keyboard performs a subtraction operation. ENTER RETURN Equal operator (=). The ENTER key on the RETURN = Z100 keypad, the RETURN key on the = keyboard, and the '=' key may be used for equal operations. The RETURN key and '=' key on the IBM-PC are the only valid keys for equal operations. The equal operator completes all processing for intermediate and final results. ZYAC Version 1.2 Users Guide Page 4 Z100 IBM-PC KEY KEY FUNCTION ==== ====== ======== HOME ~ Change sign operator (+/-). The HOME key ~ on the Z100 keypad and the '~' key on the keyboard may be used for change sign operations. The '~' key on the IBM-PC is the only valid key for change sign operations. This is used to change the sign of a number or its exponent part. When this key is hit a positive number will be changed to negative, and a negative number will be changed to positive. If the current number is positive and completely fills the numeric window display (16 characters long), the sign will not be changed since the addition of the '-' would overflow the numeric window. To change the sign of an exponent, 'E' or '-' must be the last character shown in the numeric window. Otherwise, the sign of the numeric part will be changed. To change the sign of an existing exponent, delete the exponent up to the 'E' or '-', change the sign, then retype the exponent. BACKSPC BACKSPC Deletes the last part of a number the user DELETE DELETE has entered. Hitting the BACKSPACE key or DELETE key for a result returned by ZYAC will clear the numeric window and leave a 0 in the display. For example, the user could enter 23.5, hit the BACKSPACE or DELETE twice and type 5 to change the number to 235. However, if the user entered 200 + 35 =, ZYAC would return 235. Hitting a BACKSPACE or DELETE here would result in 0 being displayed. | | Reciprocal operator (1/x). Takes the number in the numeric window and divides it into 1. Returns the result to the numeric window. ! ! Factorial operator. Returns the factorial of the number in the numeric window. Factorial is only valid for positive integers. Entering a negative number for factorial will result in a 0. If a positive real number is entered, the fractional part will be dropped and the factorial operation will be applied to the remaining integer part. 170! is about the ZYAC Version 1.2 Users Guide Page 5 Z100 IBM-PC KEY KEY FUNCTION ==== ====== ======== largest factorial that can be computed before the values begin to overflow. If you attempt to find the factorial of a number larger than 170, "TOO BIG" will be displayed in the numeric window. > > Square operator. Returns the square of the number displayed in the numeric window. < < Square root operator. Returns the square root of the number displayed in the numeric window. If you try to find the square root of a negative number, the message "NEGATIVE SQRT" will be displayed in the numeric window. ^ ^ Power operator (x raised to the y power). Returns 0 if both x and y are 0 or if y is negative and is not an integer. Will return 1E300 if the result would overflow. L L Log base 10 operator. Returns the logarithm to the base 10 of the number displayed in the numeric window. Returns 0 if the number is 0 or negative. CTRL-L CTRL-L Natural log operator. Returns the natural logarithm for the number displayed in the numeric window. Returns 0 if the number is 0 or negative. C C Cosine operator. Returns the cosine of the number displayed in the numeric window, where the number represents degrees. CTRL-C CTRL-C Arc cosine operator. Returns the inverse cosine of the number shown in the numeric window. Results are returned in degrees. Returns 0 if the number is greater than 1.0. S S Sine operator. Returns the sine of the number displayed in the numeric window, where the number represents degrees. CTRL-S CTRL-S Arc sine operator. Returns the inverse sine of the number shown in the numeric window. Results are returned in degrees. Returns 0 if the number is greater than 1.0. ZYAC Version 1.2 Users Guide Page 6 Z100 IBM-PC KEY KEY FUNCTION ==== ====== ======== T T Tangent operator. Returns the tangent of the number displayed in the numeric window, where the number represents degrees. Returns a number greater than 1E300 for numbers close to 90 degrees. CTRL-T CTRL-T Arc tangent operator. Returns the inverse tangent of the number shown in the numeric window. Results are returned in degrees. CTRL-E CTRL-E Exponential operator. Returns the exponential function of the number displayed in the numeric window, i.e., e raised to the power of the number being displayed. Returns 1E300 if the result would be too big. P P Pi. Returns the value of pi out to 8 decimal places (3.14159265). F0 F10 Clear all operator (CLR). Function key F0 on the Z100 and F10 on the IBM-PC clears the numeric display to 0, and also clears the two memory registers (windows). F1 F1 Function 1 operator. Function key F1 performs the operation currently defined for F1. <SH>F1 <SH>F1 Define function 1 operator. Shift function key F1 allows the user to program an operation for function key F1. Use CTRL-X to end the definition. F2 F2 Function 2 operator. Function key F2 performs the operation currently defined for F2. <SH>F2 <SH>F2 Define function 2 operator. Shift function key F2 allows the user to program an operation for function key F2. Use CTRL-X to end the definition. F3 F3 Store memory 1 operator. Function key F3 stores the current number displayed in the numeric window into memory register 1. The stored value is shown in the memory 1 window. ZYAC Version 1.2 Users Guide Page 7 Z100 IBM-PC KEY KEY FUNCTION ==== ====== ======== <SH>F3 <SH>F3 Recall memory 1 operator. Shift function key F3 recalls the value stored in memory register 1. The returned number is then displayed in the numeric window. F4 F4 Store memory 2 operator. Function key F4 stores the current number displayed in the numeric window into memory register 2. The stored value is shown in the memory 2 window. <SH>F4 <SH>F4 Recall memory 2 operator. Shift function key F4 recalls the value stored in memory register 2. The returned number is then displayed in the numeric window. F5 F5 Clear numeric window only operator (CE). Function key F5 clears the numeric window only, and sets it to 0. The memory registers are left unchanged. ? ? Next menu operator. Displays the next menu in the menu window. HELP, H H Help operator. Displays a brief message about ZYAC in the menu window. (Really not much help, but it does refer the user to this document.) Use the HELP key or the H key on a Z100 for help, use the H key only on an IBM-PC for help. CTRL-X CTRL-X Exit operator. Exits the ZYAC program. If values are stored in the memory registers, or functions defined for F1 and F2, ZYAC will ask if you want to save the memory registers and functions in a file before exiting. DEFINING FUNCTIONS ZYAC allows you to program functions for function keys F1 and F2. You do this by typing shift F1 or shift F2. At that point, you may enter ZYAC commands as if you were working interactively. The key strokes will be displayed at the bottom of the screen. When you have finished entering the function, type CTRL-X. The function will then be displayed in the appropriate function window. Functions are only allowed to be 68 characters long (this includes the space between operators and operands automatically ZYAC Version 1.2 Users Guide Page 8 supplied by ZYAC). If you wish the value in the numeric window to be used in the function, type 'N' at the appropriate place during the function definition. 'NW' will be displayed (stands for numeric window). For example, to define function F1 to add 100 to the numeric display and then divide by 7 you would enter shift F1, followed by 'N', '+', '10', '/', '7', '=', CTRL-X. The F1 window would display 'NW + 10 / 7 ='. Then, each time you hit the F1 key, the defined function would be applied on the value currently in the numeric window. By the way, if your defined function is too long for its display window, only as much of it as possible will be shown. The BACKSPACE and DELETE keys may be used during function definitions to make corrections before you type the CTRL-X. These keys will either delete an entire operator or one digit at a time, depending on the last entry in the definition (whether it's a number or an operator). To delete a defined function, simply begin the function definition and type CTRL-X (you're defining nothing this way). One final note on functions, they cannot perform memory stores or other function calls. They can, however, do memory recalls. SAVE FILES If you have a specific function or number you use frequently, you can store it in a save file. Then, ZYAC will be able to initialize its memory registers and function keys (F1 and F2) to the information in that file the next time you use ZYAC. To create such a file, simply use an editor like WordStar and create a file with a '.ZYC' extension. To initialize memory 1 enter 'M1: ' in the file, followed by the number to initialize memory 1 by. For example, to initialize memory 1 to 2.88976 enter the following line in the file: M1: 2.88976 Memory 2 may be initialized the same way, except use 'M2: ' instead of 'M1: '. Defining function keys F1 and F2 is similar. Start with a line containing 'F1: ' or 'F2: '. Then type in a function using numbers and ZYAC commands. When entering commands in a file this way, you need to type in the corresponding acronym for the command. These are listed below. OPERATION ACRONYM ========= ======= addition + subtraction - multiplication * division / ZYAC Version 1.2 Users Guide Page 9 OPERATION ACRONYM ========= ======= sign change ~ equals = reciprocal | factorial ! percent % square > square root < power ^ pi PI numeric window NW natural log LN exponential func. XP log base 10 LOG cosine COS sine SIN tangent TAN inverse cosine ACOS inverse sine ASIN inverse tangent ATAN recall memory 1 1RC recall memory 2 2RC For example, to define function key F1 to cube the number in the numeric display, divide the result by pi, and then take the natural log, you would type a line like the following in the file: F1: NW ^ 3 / PI = LN Notice that you must separate the numbers and operators by at least one space. If you want a certain number in a function definition to be negative, you must use the '~' operator. A '-' by itself will be taken as a subtraction operation. For example, to multiply -23.109 by the numeric window value, the function defintion would look like F1: NW * 23.109 ~ = The '~' will change the sign of 23.109 before the multiplication. The one place where a negative sign is valid is in scientific notatation. You can enter a number like 2.88741E-5. Once you have created your save file, you can use it with ZYAC. Typing ZYAC followed by a space and the filename causes ZYAC to initialize the memory registers and function keys to the values/definitions in that file. For example, to use the information supplied with the example save file, EXAMP.ZYC, type ZYAC EXAMP at the DOS prompt. You can type out the EXAMP.ZYC file to see an example of a save file. By the way, function F1 in the example file converts Fahrenheit temperatures to their Celsius equivalents. ZYAC Version 1.2 Users Guide Page 10 If you have saved values in memory registers and/or have defined functions F1 or F2 while using ZYAC, you will be asked if you want to save the memory contents and functions upon exiting ZYAC. If you answer yes, ZYAC will prompt for a filename and save the memory values and functions in that file. PROGRAM HISTORY 8 Sep 1985 - Version 1.0. Initial release of ZYAC. This version for the Z100 only. 12 Sep 1985 - Version 1.1. Corrected bug in factorial function. Earlier version would attempt to find factorial of any number, even those larger than 170. 17 Feb 1987 - Version 1.2. Version for IBM-PC's created. Writes to the screen for the Z100 version now faster under MS-DOS 2.x. I'm open to any comments or suggestions anyone might have after using this program. Gregory Elder 710 Sykes Cir. WPAFB, OH 45433