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E!.DOC ┌──────────────────────┐ │ " E! " │ ╞══════════════════════╡ │Multifiles Text Editor│ ╞══════════════════════╡ │ User's Guide │ │ │ │ Version 3.4 │ └──────────────────────┘ (c) Copyright Patrick Philippot - 1988,1989 E!.DOC page 1 E!.DOC ┌─────────────────┐ │TABLE OF CONTENTS│ └─────────────────┘ A. INTRODUCTION ..................................... page 3 B. INSTALLATION ..................................... page 5 notes about DOS 3.3 ............................. page 6 C. GETTING STARTED .................................. page 7 global file search .............................. page 7 non text files .................................. page 8 automatic positionning .......................... page 8 D. THE "E!" SCREEN .................................. page 10 status .......................................... page 10 text ............................................ page 10 command ......................................... page 10 help ............................................ page 11 file names ...................................... page 11 E. MAIN FUNCTION KEYS ............................... page 12 key oriented help ............................... page 12 F. MOVING THE CURSOR ................................ page 14 G. EDITING FUNCTIONS ................................ page 17 undo ............................................ page 21 H. BLOCKS MANIPULATION .............................. page 23 marking / unmarking blocks ...................... page 23 deleting a block ................................ page 24 copying a block.................................. page 24 moving a block .................................. page 24 overlaying a block .............................. page 24 adjusting a block ............................... page 24 special functions ............................... page 25 I. TEXT FORMATTING .................................. page 27 J. DRAWING .......................................... page 29 K. COMMANDS ......................................... page 30 about E! commands ............................... page 30 commands reference .............................. page 31 search / replace commands ....................... page 40 L. MACROS ........................................... page 43 M. PROFILES ......................................... page 46 typematic ....................................... page 46 N. PROGRAMMING SUPPORT .............................. page 52 O. E! IS A SHAREWARE ................................ page 54 APPENDIX 1 ....................................... page 55 APPENDIX 2 ....................................... page 56 APPENDIX 3 ....................................... page 59 E!.DOC page 2 E!.DOC ┌──────────────────────┐ │ " E! " │ ╞══════════════════════╡ │Multifiles Text Editor│ ╞══════════════════════╡ │ User's Guide │ │ │ │ Version 3.4 │ └──────────────────────┘ (c) Copyright Patrick Philippot - 1988,1989,1990 A. INTRODUCTION _______________ E! is a powerful full-screen text editor. Its implementation has been driven by three keywords : quick, simple and efficient. It will allow you to edit as many files as your system memory can hold simultaneously. A "split screen" mode is available to see two different parts of a file on the same screen. Although E! is not a word processor it offers some functions you will rarely find in a text editor. His very versatile interface with DOS makes it a valuable tool for programmers but it will be used by non programmers as "every day's" text editor. E! is not a word processor. It edits and saves ASCII files and does not include any control character in the text flow except if you insert them yourself. It does not support any printer but you have the opportunity to add printer control characters in your text very easily. E! is a professional level tool. It is a high configurable text editor and you will tailor it to exactly suit your needs using PROFILES and MACROS. E! supports EGA 43 lines mode, VGA 50 lines mode and a special 35 lines mode which is more readable than the previous ones. The IBM 101T enhanced keyboard is also fully supported. The number of E! built-in functions is VERY high. These functions can be grouped together to build macros. E! macros are saved in macro files and you can use them at any time during editing. You can also assign a macro to any key. E! configuration can be changed AT ANY TIME by loading a new PROFILE. So you can have PROFILES adapted for programming support, PROFILES adapted to program documentation editing, etc... When loading a file E! automatically expands tabs if this is specified in the main PROFILE. The same option automatically compresses blanks to tabs when saving the edited file. This allows E! internals to work only with blanks. This is very important for the block manipulations functions which are one of the most powerful features of E!. E! version 3.2 offers programming support. You can compile any source file from within the editor without leaving it. Compiling E!.DOC page 3 E!.DOC errors are retrieved from the compiler and E! will then point directly to the error in the source text. Compiler error messages are displayed just like in an integrated environment. E! supports ANY compiler issuing standard error messages. Borland and Microsoft compilers (trademarks) have been successfully tested from within E!. E!.DOC page 4 E!.DOC B. INSTALLATION _______________ 20 files are provided on the E! diskette : E!.EXE the editing program E!.HLP the help file E!KEY.HLP the key oriented help file E!.PRO the sample PROFILE E!.MSG the messages file READ.ME the last news E!FNT35.EGA special 35 lines mode 8x10 font E!FNT352.EGA another 35 lines font E!FNT251.EGA two 25 lines mode EGA replacement fonts E!FNT252.EGA E!FNT251.VGA two 25 lines mode VGA replacement fonts E!FNT252.VGA E!FONT.EXE the font loader E!FONT.DOC the E!FONT documentation EDITFONT.EXE the font editor EDITFONT.DOC the EDITFONT documentation MACGEN.EXE the macros editor / generator MACGEN.DOC the MACGEN documentation REGISTR.TXT the registration form E!.DOC ready to print documentation ("type E!.DOC > prn") Please backup these files as soon as possible. The minimum configuration needed to install E! is : - IBM PC or PS/2 or compatible with 320 K memory. (256 to be loaded and 320 to work normally) - 1 diskette drive (not recommended) - DOS 3.xx - color or monochrome display with MDA, CGA, EGA, PGA, MCGA, VGA or Hercules adapter. - 83 or 101 keys keyboard. To install E! on a two diskette drive system, you only need to copy all files except documentation on a work diskette. Documentation will not fit on the same diskette that programs and utility files. To install E! on a hard disk system, create a directory named C:\E! (or whatever name you'd like) and copy all files in this directory. Then edit your autoexec.bat and add the following line: SET E!=C:\E! (or the name you choosed) You can extend your environment string if needed using the following DOS command in your CONFIG.SYS : SHELL=C:\COMMAND.COM /P /E:nnn This will set the environment string length to nnn. E!.DOC page 5 E!.DOC This way, E! will easily find the help file, the main PROFILE and all utility files (such as the font files). All temporary files generated by E! will be written in that directory. Macros will be retrieved from and saved to that directory also. If there is no E! environment variable in your environment string, E! will use the current directory as a default. Even if you use E! on a two diskette drives system, we recommend you set the E! variable to the right drive. If you are working with a hard disk, don't forget to add the directory where you put your E! files to your PATH command. So far, you are done with the installation of the E! editor. NOTES about DOS 3.3 : The keyboard driver of DOS 3.3 has some bugs. It does not recognize some keystrokes from enhanced keyboard and some "old" keystrokes like Alt - or Alt =. This is at least true for some european drivers like KEYB FR or KEYB GR. If you have any problem with the keyboard under DOS 3.3, use the KEYBxx.COM program from DOS 3.2 or 3.1 instead of KEYB.COM. If you still have problems with functions assigned to "unreachable" keystrokes on your keyboard, try reassign these functions to another key. See below. Please see also the "TYPEMATIC" section of the PROFILEs chapter. If you have a RAM disk it is highly recommended that you autoexec.bat copy E!.EXE, E! help and messages files and macro files to this RAM disk. E!.DOC page 6 E!.DOC C. GETTING STARTED __________________ There is two ways to put E! at work : 1. Enter E! without any parameter at the DOS prompt. 2. Enter E! followed by one or more file specification. DOS "wildcards" (* and ?) are allowed. E! [specfich1] [specfich2]...[specfichn] [/l] example : E! C:\*.BAT C:\EDIT\*.* will load any .BAT file from the root directory and all files from the C:\EDIT directory if there is enough memory space to hold all these files. You can use the "/l" or "/L" parameter anywhere on the command line to tell E! to load all the files edited in the last E! session in that directory. This option will only work if your active profile contains the following line: LOG YES examples : e! /l e! *.pas /l e! *.pas /l *.doc are valid E! command lines. /l is the only command line parameter accepted by E!. All other parameter should be a file specification. All other options are definable within the PROFILEs. Please see also "AUTOMATIC POSITIONNING". During a E! session a file is never empty and contains at least a CRLF sequence followed by an EOF mark (1Ah). So its size will be at least 3 bytes. GLOBAL FILE SEARCH ****************** Except if you specify a path for the file(s) you want to edit E! will always search in the current directory only. If you want E! to search in other directories you will have to use the E!PATH environment variable. If you want E! to search automatically in the C:\ASM\SOURCES directory you have to add the following line to your AUTOEXEC.BAT file : SET E!PATH=C:\ASM\SOURCES; Use the same syntax as for the DOS PATH command. E!.DOC page 7 E!.DOC You can specify up to 20 different paths. If you are using the DOS APPEND command, all paths specified within the APPEND= environment substring are also searched. You should notice that it is preferable to use the E!PATH variable than any other command or utility. Actually, E! returns always a full pathname for each file it does edit. If you let E! find a file thru any utility like DOSSEARCH or DATAPATH etc..., the file will be automatically saved in the current directory and not in the directory where it was found. This is because the DOS FindFirst and FindNext functions do not return a full path but only the file name. Please be aware that the GET command does not use the capabilities described above. If you called E! without any parameter, E! will edit a file named E!TEMP.E!. If it already exists, it will be loaded. NON TEXT FILES ************** If you specified a non text file E! will try to load it. Most of the time it will recognized that this file is not an editable text and will issue a warning message. This message will also be issued if the text file does not use full CRLF sequences to terminate a line but only a CR. This does not matter and the file will be normally editable. The missing Line Feed will be added by file saving (except if you told E! not to do so thru the EOL command in your PROFILE). If you want E! not to load particular files, you only have to use the LOCK option in your PROFILE. Please see the LOCK section in the E! COMMANDS chapter. If you have loaded a non text file PLEASE DO NOT SAVE IT ! or it will likely be truncated. AUTOMATIC POSITIONNING ********************** Each time you leave a E! session, current file names, cursor position and editing context are saved in a LOG file. If you reload one of the last edited files E! will restore all these variables and set the cursor at the last active position for this file. Here is the description of the editing context elements which are restored for each file : - window position if any was active - cursor position for each window - text position within window - wordwrap and justification flags or draw mode flag if it was active - bookmark position Draw style is a global variable for E! and is not restored. E!.DOC page 8 E!.DOC This functions are available only if you the LOG option to YES. If not or if the E!.LOG file has been deleted, E! will position the cursor at the beginning of text. Automatic repositionning does not work if you leave the file in a non 25 lines editing mode. The LOG YES/NO command can be inserted in your PROFILE or entered on the E! command line. Please see the PROFILE chapter. E!.DOC page 9 E!.DOC D. THE "E!" SCREEN __________________ COLORS E! will configure itself automatically as it is loaded. It will detect the display adapter type which is active and set all relative options accordingly. In some cases E! will set all display attributes to black and white. This will occur on PS/2 because on PS/2 8530 there is no MONO (7) mode even if you have a monochrome screen. If you want color attributes in such a case please set them directly in your main PROFILE. See the PROFILE chapter. ******* STATUS The first line on the E! screen is the STATUS line. It contains the following informations : . The Text Beginning / Text End indicator or E! version number. . The "file modified" indicator ( │M│ ). . The current row number. . The current column number. . The total number of lines in the current text. . A clock (Edit mode) or the file name (Command mode). Informations on this line are continuously updated. If memory becomes "short" the message "MEMORY !!!" will appear on the status line (less than 2048 bytes available). If there is less than 1024 bytes available the message will blink. In this case please save and release one or more files to make room. TEXT The following 22, 32, 40 or 47 lines (according to the current settings) are devoted to the text being edited. This area can be split into two windows. All editing functions are reviewed later. When the first line displayed is the very first line of the text, the [Top of Text] indicator is displayed. When the last line displayed is the very last line the [End of Text] indicator is displayed on the STATUS line. COMMAND The last but one line on the screen is the E! COMMAND LINE. On this line you will enter and edit E! commands. These commands will be described later. While in EDIT mode this line displays : . The current file name. E!.DOC page 10 E!.DOC . The insert toggle status (Ovrw or Ins). . The WORDWRAP (W) , JUSTIFICATION (J), CASE ( or ) and DRAW mode toggles status. . The block mark status (Marked,Unmarked or Extern). Marked : the current text is marked. Unmarked : no text is marked. Extern : a text is marked but it is not the current text. . The current text size. While in COMMAND mode, the line is free, allowing the user to enter, retrieve or edit commands. The ESCAPE key toggles between EDIT mode and COMMAND mode. Commands can be retrieved using the up and down arrow keys. HELP The last line in its normal state shows a help text remembering the use of the function keys. If you depress the ALT, SHIFT or CONTROL keys, this text will change according to the key being depressed. (See DELAY command). Error messages are displayed on the help line when necessary. Functions requesting input from the user generally display their prompt on the help line. FILENAMES Within E! filenames are always "normalized". The name used is always the full path name of the file. This is a security for your files since this function makes it impossible to load twice the same file. E!.DOC page 11 E!.DOC E. MAIN FUNCTION KEYS ______________________ We will now present the "basic" configuration of E!. In EDIT mode all keys and functions can be reassigned (except ESCAPE). May be, you'll have to modify the help files or the messages file. This files were intentionnaly made editable to make this job easier. Though, in COMMAND mode editing keys are not redefinable. So we recommend you do not reassign these keys. i.e. : HOME will always put the cursor at the beginning of the command line in COMMAND mode even if you assigned a new function to the home key in EDIT mode. REMEMBER : Use the ESCAPE key to toggle between EDIT mode and COMMAND mode. Now, let's have a look at the 10 main functions keys. ┌──┐ ┌──────┐ │F1│ │Alt F1│ └──┘ └──────┘ F1 will load the E! HELP file, E!.HLP. This is a "normal" text file which you may want to edit each time you reassign a function to a key. Using the PgDn and PgUp keys will take you from chapter to chapter. If you want to access a chapter directly, enter the line number specified in the table of contents on the command line. We recommend you protect this file after modifying it using the DOS command ATTRIB : attrib +r e!.hlp To make new modifications enter : attrib -r e!.hlp Editing read-only files is allowed with E!. It's just impossible to save them. KEY ORIENTED HELP ***************** Let's assume you have forgotten what function is assigned to a specific key. Just hit Alt F1. E! will issue a message asking you to hit the key about which you want information. Hit this key and a short message will be displayed explaining what this key actually does. This message is valid even if you have assigned a non default function, a macro, a command or a profile to that key. E!.DOC page 12 E!.DOC ┌──┐ │F2│ └──┘ F2 causes the current text to be written to disk. If the file already exists a warning message is issued. Hit Y or N in response to the prompt. If the active PROFILE contains the WARNING NO command (or if it has not modified a previous WARNING NO command), no warning message is issued and the file is saved without prompting the user. The WARNING NO command may be entered on the E! command line. ┌──┐ │F3│ └──┘ F3 tells E! you want to quit the current text. If this text has been modified E! prompts you to know if you want to "discard" all modifications you made. Hit Y or N in response to the prompt. ┌──┐ │F4│ └──┘ F4 is the same as F2 + F3. The only difference is that the text is never "compressed" when you save it with F2. It will be compressed if you save it with F4 only if your active PROFILE contains the AUTOCOMP YES command, if you entered this command on the E! command line or if you explicitly compressed the text with the COMPRESS command before you saved it. Please see COMPRESS and AUTOCOMP commands. ┌──┐ │F5│ └──┘ F5 creates an horizontal window at the current cursor position. If a window was already active, it will be destroyed. While in "screen split mode" you can toggle between windows with the ALT F5 key. Updating a window will also update the alternate window if they share a common portion of text. ┌──┐ │F6│ └──┘ This key activates, initializes or terminates the DRAW mode. DRAW mode is fully explained later in this documentation. E! automatically toggles to COMMAND mode and prompts you for a DRAW mode. An help message is displayed allowing you to choose one of 8 DRAW modes. An empty entry activates the last active DRAW mode or the mode #1 if you never used the DRAW mode in this session. If you were already in DRAW mode it is deactivated. While in DRAW mode, WORDWRAP and JUSTIFICATION are automatically deactivated. They will be restored in their previous state when you E!.DOC page 13 E!.DOC will exit the DRAW mode. ┌──┐ │F7│ └──┘ F7 activates the COMMAND mode and initializes the NAME command. So you can rename the current text. The original file will remain unchanged. If you gave the name of an existing file, E! will prompt you at save time only if the WARNING option is active. See above. ┌──┐ │F8│ └──┘ F8 activates the COMMAND mode and initializes the EDIT command. E! waits for one or more file specifications. Like on the DOS command line, wildcards are allowed. Please see GETTING STARTED. ┌──┐ │F9│ └──┘ F9 will restore the current line in its previous state, that is the state it was when you moved the cursor to that line. Be aware that certain functions validate the current line even if you do not leave it. In this case F9 will take the new line into account. F9 will also add the current line into the UNDO buffer before restoring the previous state of the line. So you can copy the line anywhere in the text using ALT 8 (read from UNDO buffer) without having to unmark an existing block or group of lines. ┌───┐ ┌───────┐ │F10│ │Alt F10│ └───┘ └───────┘ If you are editing several files simultaneously, you can move thru the files buffers using F10 (forward) and ALT F10 (backward). If you want to access a text directly you can: 1/ Enter an EDIT filename command. E! knows that the file is already in memory and will not reload it. 2/ Use the ALT1..3 keys to mark a text and access it directly using the same keys. E!.DOC page 14 E!.DOC F. MOVING THE CURSOR ____________________ Moving the cursor with E! is done in a very classical way. That is you will not be surprised using general purpose keys such as arrow keys, PgDn, PgUp, Home and so on... Although this is absolutely possible, we don't recommend that you reassigned such "classical" keys. Direction keys....Move one character up, down, left or right. Pressing the down arrow will add a new and empty line to the text if the EXTENSION option of the active profile has been set to YES (default). SHIFT+arrow.......If your keyboard does not accept the TYPEMATIC commands you can accelerate the cursor horizontal displacement by keeping one of the SHIFT keys depressed when you use the left or right arrow key. This may not work on certain "compatibles" like the COMPAQ machines. In this case you will have to set the CURSOR option to NO in your main profile. This will avoid problems. Tab...............Move the cursor to the next TAB pos. (See Autotab). All text at the right of the cursor position is moved along with the cursor. Shift Tab.........Move the cursor to the previous TAB position. Backspace.........Delete left character. Please see Autoback. If the cursor is at line beginning, the current line is joined to the previous line. PgDn,PgUp.........Scroll one window up or down. Home..............Move the cursor to the beginning of line. If the cursor is already on this position it is moved to the beginning of the previous line. End...............Move the cursor to the end of line. If the cursor is already at this position it will be moved to the end of the next line. Ctrl Home.........Move the cursor to the first line of text. If the cursor is already on the first line it will be moved to the beginning of line. Ctrl End..........Does the same but towards the end of the current text. E!.DOC page 15 E!.DOC Ctrl PgUp,PgDn....Move the cursor to the top or bottom of the active window. Ctrl Left,Right...Move the cursor to the next, previous word. E! really searches a word, so all punctuations signs will be ignored. Shft F1,F2,F3,F4..Scroll the current window right, left, up or down. You can also scroll larger amounts of text, left or right using ALT F3 or ALT F4. The amount of columns to be scrolled is specified using the SCROLL command in the active PROFILE or on the E! command line. E! defaults to 40 columns. Shft F5...........Center the current line in the active window. Shft F6...........Move the current line to the top of active window. Alt I.............Remove all TAB positions. Alt K.............Drop a bookmark at current cursor position. Using ALT K again will move the cursor to the bookmark and remove it. Should you want to use the bookmark more than once, so please hit ALT K twice each time you move the cursor to the bookmark. There is one bookmark per active text. Alt P.............Move the cursor to the next paragraph. Paragraphs are separated with blank lines. Alt T,R...........CreaTe or Remove a TAB position. Use TAB or SHIFT TAB to access TAB positions. Alt Y,E...........Move the cursor to the beginning or to the end of the marked block. E!.DOC page 16 E!.DOC G. EDITING FUNCTIONS ____________________ E! has a lot of editing features. Generally editing functions will be called using a keystroke involving the Control key. The next chapter explains how E! implements block manipulation functions. These functions are generally called with a keystroke involving the Alt key. Ctrl A............Move the current line first non blank character to cursor position. Ctrl B............Convert the first letter of the current word to uppercase. If the current word contains one of the following characters : - (minus) , _ (underscore) , . (dot) each letter preceding this character will also be converted to uppercase. All other characters in the current word are converted to lowercase if necessary. This will be useful if you are using Pascal conventions to name your program variables. Ctrl C............Clear the current line. Ctrl D............Repeat character. This function will be used to enter a great number of identical characters. First enter the character to be repeated and then enter the 3 digits constituing the repeat count. Note : 3 digits are mandatory. When calling this function E! displays a help message showing you how to enter this information. Ctrl E............Delete end of line from cursor. Ctrl F............Toggle the WORDWRAP mode. Ctrl G............Toggle the 35, 43 or 50 lines mode if an EGA or VGA adapter is installed and if the EGA-VGA command is set to YES in your active profile (which is the default). To access the 35 lines mode you have to set the 35LINES command to YES in your active profile. Adapter EGA VGA EGA-VGA YES 35LINES NO........ 43 50 EGA-VGA YES 35LINES YES....... 35 35 To set the 35 lines mode E! needs a file named E!FNT35.EGA. This file contains the font for the 35 lines mode. This file must E!.DOC page 17 E!.DOC be present either in the current directory or in the E! directory (directory defined with SET E!=....). Please notice that loading a non 25 lines mode also modifies the BIOS hardcopy routine so it will print exactly the number of lines you are actually using on your screen. There is an alternate 35 lines font which is named E!FNT352.EGA. If you want to use it instead of the default font please rename this file to E!FNT35.EGA. Ctrl J............Toggle the right JUSTIFICATION mode. Ctrl L............If the current word is a valid file name it will be immediatly edited. This function combined with the LIST command will be very very convenient to search and edit files in your directories. example : in a C source file you have the following line: #include "c:\msc\include\myprog.h" Move the cursor anywhere between the 2 quote characters and hit Ctrl L. MYPROG.H will be edited. Ctrl N............Insert the file name at the cursor position. This works also on the E! command line. Ctrl P............Execute active macro (see MACROS). Ctrl Q............Restore previous macro (see MACROS). Ctrl R............Record macro (see MACROS). Ctrl S............Repeat last search (see SEARCH commands). Ctrl T............Insert date and time at cursor position. Ctrl U............Cancel macro recording (see macros). Ctrl V............Reset search variables (see SEARCH commands). Ctrl W............Delete current word. Ctrl X............If the current line is a valid DOS command it will be eXecuted. As with Ctrl L, it will be very convenient to use this function combined with the LIST command. For example, if you are editing a batch file you will conveniently debug it or execute it partially using Ctrl X on each line you want to be eXecuted. If you want to delete a file in a directory, use the E!.DOC page 18 E!.DOC LIST command to display that directory, insert "DEL" before the file name and use Ctrl X, etc... Ctrl Z............If the current line is a valid directory name, this directory will be LISTed. Any <DIR> sequence at the beginning of the line will do no harm (that is, if you obtained the directory name from a LIST command Ctrl Z will work anyway). Enter.............Insert a new line and move the cursor under the first non blank character of the previous line. If the WORDWRAP mode has been activated the cursor is moved to the left margin. If the previous line is a blank line, cursor is moved to the paragraph margin. To insert a line before the very first line of text you have to put the cursor on the status line and to hit ENTER. No other function is available when the cursor stays on the status line. BSpace............Delete left character. See AUTOBACK. If the cursor is at the beginning of line the current line is joined to the previous line. Ctrl Bsp..........Delete the current line. This line will be saved in the UNDO buffer. You can restore it later using Alt 8 : it will be restored at cursor position. Del...............Delete current character. Insert............Toggle insert mode. Ctrl F1...........Convert the current word to UPPERCASE. Ctrl F2 will convert to lowercase. Ctrl F3...........Convert the current block to UPPERCASE. Ctrl F4 will convert to lowercase. Ctrl F6...........Reformat current paragraph (see FORMATTING). Ctrl F7...........Reformat current marked group of LINES. Alt J.............Join next line to current line. Alt S.............Split current line at cursor position. The beginning of the new line is aligned on the the beginning of the current line. The new line becomes the current line. Alt V.............Remove all trailing blanks for all text lines. Trailing blanks are sometimes generated using the COPY BLOCK function. The SPACES YES option in your active profile will tell E! to automatically E!.DOC page 19 E!.DOC remove all trailing blanks before saving a file. Alt X.............Toggle access to "control characters editing". Since many E! functions are driven through control characters it is normally not possible to insert them in the edited text. Alt X disables control characters interpretation and print them "as is" in the text. Doing so makes all functions triggered with Control characters unavailable until you hit Alt X again. Note: Using control character 26 (Ctrl Z) in a text will insert an EOF mark. So you will not be able to reload the file beyond this mark. Alt =.............Insert blanks without moving the cursor. NOTE: see remarks on DOS 3.3 at the beginning of this documentation and in the DEFINE command section. Alt 0.............Search the current word beginning at cursor position. You can search next occurences using Ctrl S or Alt 0. Alt 1,2,3.........You can "mark" the current text using one of these keys. Using the same key again will bring you back directly to the "marked" text from another text. If you hit the Alt n key while editing a text which IS the text corresponding to that key, marking is removed. Alt 4.............Remove all text marks. If you release a "marked" text from memory the corresponding mark becomes available to other texts. Alt 5.............Refresh the current text. That is all modifications you made since you loaded or saved the text are discarded and the text is reloaded from disk file. This works exactly the same as releasing the text from memory without saving it and issuing a new EDIT command but it saves time. Alt 6.............Search a "MATCHING BRACE". Assuming you are editing the following expression : 3 * (x / (y + z * ( a + b + c)) + 45 ) If you want to find the parenthesis corresponding to the second left parenthesis, move the cursor to the second left parenthesis and hit Alt 6. The cursor will be moved to the corresponding right parenthesis. E!.DOC page 20 E!.DOC 3 * (x / (y + z * ( a + b + c)) + 45 ) If there is no matching brace on the current line, the cursor is not moved. Alt 6 works with braces pairs showed in the next paragraph. Alt 6 works with right or left braces. Alt 7.............Insert a "PAIRED BRACE". 1. E! looks for one of the following sequence on the current line between the beginning of line and the current cursor position : /* , (* , { , < , [ , ( If such a sequence is found the corresponding right brace is inserted. 2.If not, E! looks for one of the following sequence between the current cursor position and the end of line : */ , *) , } , > , ] , ) If such a sequence is found the corresponding left brace is inserted. If several "brace sequences" are found, priority order is as shown above. Alt 8.............See UNDO. Alt 9.............Insert the last line saved to the DOS screen buffer just after the current line. The DOS screen buffer contains the last 25 lines from the last DOS session executed from E! or, if no DOS session has been executed, the screen that was active when E! was called from the DOS command line. Trailing blank lines on the screen are not saved in the DOS screen buffer. So you can insert in your text the results of any program if it does not clear the screen on exit. DOS lines can be restored only once. UNDO FUNCTION - (ALT 8) *********************** When you delete lines with Ctrl Bsp or Alt D (marked group of lines - with Alt L) these lines are not lost but saved into the UNDO buffer. The UNDO buffer size defaults to 2048 bytes but you can modify it with the "UNDO n" option in your main profile where n is the number of bytes. This command can be issued in the main profile only (E!.LOG). That is each new UNDO command will be E!.DOC page 21 E!.DOC ignored. The upper limit for the UNDO size is 65521 bytes. The UNDO buffer works on a LIFO basis, that is the last deleted line will be restored first. So a call to the UNDO function (Alt 8) will restore the last deleted line and so on until the UNDO buffer is empty. Each line is restored on top of the current line and becomes the active line. So the text will be reinserted in its original state. There will be no UNDO buffer overflow; if there is no room enough to store the last deleted line, the older line in the buffer will be lost. A line can be restored only once from the UNDO buffer. Note : when the buffer is full, the time used to save a line will be proportional to the buffer size. So, it is not recommended to use too large UNDO buffer sizes. E!.DOC page 22 E!.DOC H. BLOCKS MANIPULATION ______________________ Block functions are one of the most valuable features of E!. All block functions are available to work from a text to another, that is, it is possible to move or copy a block or group of lines from one text to another text. Consequently, only one active block is allowed at one time. A call to a block function is effective even if the block marked is not in the current text. So be careful, if you marked a block in another text, it will be deleted if you hit Alt D even if this text is not the current text. Before issuing a block command please take a look at the block mark status on the command line. It will indicate wether an internal or external block is marked. For each block function to work, a rectangular block or group of lines has to be marked first. Then you can apply every block function to this block or group of lines. From now, we will generally use the term "block" for everything that is marked. MARKING A BLOCK - Alt B, Alt L and Alt Z ________________________________________ There is 3 ways to mark a block. First, you can mark a RECTANGULAR block. To do so, you have to move the cursor to the upper left corner of the block and hit Alt B. This will be already a block containing only one character. To extend the block mark, move the cursor to the lower right corner of the block and hit Alt B again. Actually, the relative position of the cursor when you hit Alt B the second time is not so important and you can choose a "lower right" corner which is in fact "before" the "upper left" corner. That is, you have just to hit Alt B twice to define a RECTANGULAR block and E! will understand what you want to do, whatever the cursor position. You can also mark GROUP of LINES using Alt L. Again, you have to hit Alt L twice. All lines between the two marked lines will be marked and highlighted. You may naturally mark only one line, using Alt L only once. The third way of marking is the SENTENCE marking (Alt Z). You will use it in a similar way as you will use Alt L but the first and last line of the group will accept to be partially marked depending on the cursor position (column) when you hit Alt Z. This way of marking is less frequently used than both BLOCK and LINES marking but it can be useful to extract a sentence from a paragraph when you are editing texts (but not programs). Anyway, the marked zone will appear highlighted (the block attribute can be specified in your profile like any other color). The block mark status indicator on the command line will show "MARKED" or "EXTERNAL" if you switch to another text. From now, you can apply any of the function described below to the marked area. This marked area can be modified at any time and will remain active until you UNMARK it. E!.DOC page 23 E!.DOC UNMARKING A BLOCK - Alt U _________________________ Alt U will unmark any marked area even if it is not in the current text. DELETING A BLOCK - Alt D ________________________ Alt D deletes the marked area. If the area was marked with Alt L, all marked lines are saved in the UNDO buffer. If the area was marked with Alt B the corresponding lines are not deleted even if they are empty after block deletion. Don't use any marking to delete only one line. Use Ctrl Bsp instead. Remember, the marked block will be deleted even if it is an "external" block. COPYING A BLOCK - Alt C _______________________ Alt C copies the marked block at the cursor position. That is, if the marked area is a GROUP of LINES, these lines are inserted between the current line and the next line. If the marked area is a RECTANGULAR block, this block is inserted at cursor position, shifting all text to the right. In COMMAND mode, the current block is copied at cursor position only if there is enough room on the command line and if the block height is 1. MOVING A BLOCK - Alt M ______________________ This command works like the COPY command but the marked area is deleted after being copied. OVERLAYING A BLOCK - Alt O __________________________ This command works like the COPY command but the block is not inserted but overlayed at the cursor position and any existing text is overwritten. It works only with the RECTANGULAR blocks. With marked LINES it works exactly like COPY. ADJUSTING A BLOCK - Alt A _________________________ This function works only with RECTANGULAR blocks. It functions like a MOVE but the block can overlay itself, so small adjustments of the block position can be made very easily. E!.DOC page 24 E!.DOC SPECIAL FUNCTIONS _________________ FILLING A BLOCK - Alt F _______________________ Alt F prompts you for a character. Hit this character and the marked block will be filled with it. SORTING LINES - Alt G _____________________ If the marked area is a GROUP of LINES the sort criterion will be the entire line. With a RECTANGULAR block, the sort criterion will be the marked part of the line. E! will prompt you for the sort direction (ascending or descending). If there is no room enough on the E! stack to complete the sort it will be interrupted. E! sort is VERY quick and it will be useful for many editing tasks. DRAWING A BOX - Alt H _____________________ Alt H will draw a box around a RECTANGULAR block. The box is drawn WITHIN the highlighted area. So please reserve space around the text when marking the block. See also DRAWING mode. ADDING BLOCK CONTENT - Alt N ____________________________ Alt N evaluates all lines of the RECTANGULAR block and add them together (if they represent numerical values). The result is then inserted at cursor position. The cursor may be in another text than the marked text. If the block data cannot be evaluated the error coordinates are displayed on the help line. CENTERING TEXT IN A BLOCK - Ctrl F5 ___________________________________ Ctrl F5 will center the marked text in the marked area. SHIFTING LINES - Alt - _______________________ This function is a convenient way to shift a group of lines to the right. You will have to mark a RECTANGULAR area. The block left limit will the considered to be the start position for shifting, the amount of columns to shift will be the block width and all lines involved in the block marked will be shifted. This is a little hard to explain but fortunately very easy to do. Just try it! NOTE : see remarks about DOS 3.4 in the DEFINE command paragraph and at the beginning of this documentation. E!.DOC page 25 E!.DOC E!.DOC page 26 E!.DOC I. FORMATTING _____________ Although E! is not a word processing software, it offers you some powerful formatting functions. Two formatting modes are available : WORDWRAP and JUSTIFICATION. JUSTIFICATION works almost the same as WORDWRAP but it also makes a right justification of the text being edited. This can be obtained two ways : - reformatting an existing paragraph. or - formatting the text automatically as you type it. To activate these modes you have first to hit Ctrl F (WORDWRAP). If you want to enable the JUSTIFICATION mode you have also to hit Ctrl J. If you desable the WORDWRAP mode, you also disable the JUSTIFICATION mode. Ctrl F and Ctrl J are toggle keys. NOTE : WORDWRAP YES and JUSTIFY YES are ignored in the main profile (E!.LOG). This is because the main profile is read before any text is loaded : E! maintains a WORDWRAP flag and a JUSTIFICATION flag for each file. So, by reading the main profile E! does not know to which file this flags should apply. The JUSTIFICATION mode will only be active if the WORDWRAP mode is active. So if you have JUSTIFY YES in a profile and if there is no WORDWRAP YES command or if the WORDWRAP mode is not already active, JUSTIFICATION mode will be without any effect. Then you have to specify margins. There are three values you can specify : the left margin, the right margin, the paragraph begin margin. Defaults are respectively 10, 70 and 15. To change margins values use the MARGINS command or load a profile containing a MARGINS command. To format a paragraph (remember : a paragraph is any contiguous text between blank lines) move the cursor to any position within the paragraph and hit Ctrl F6. For new paragraphs, simply enter your text and don't worry : E! will format it as you type. Each time you'll reach the right margin E! will justify (if required) the current line, insert a new line, move the cursor to the left margin of the new line so quick that you can continue entering text without any problem. Though, if you make a modification in the paragraph you will have to reformat with Ctrl F6. To format several paragraphs at a time mark them with Alt L and hit CTrl F7. Formatting will begin with the first paragraph containing a marked line and continue until the last paragraph containing a marked line has been reformated. If you toggle to DRAW mode, WORDWRAP and JUSTIFICATION are automatically disabled and reactivated when you leave the DRW mode. E!.DOC page 27 E!.DOC E!.DOC page 28 E!.DOC J. DRAWING __________ With E! you can make complex drawings with semi-graphics characters very easily. Hit F6 or enter DRAW on the command line and specify a draw style (or mode) between 1 and 8 : ┌─────┐ ╔═════╗ ╒═════╕ ╓─────╖ 1 ├─────┤ 2 ╠═════╣ 3 ╞═════╡ 4 ╟─────╢ └─────┘ ╚═════╝ ╘═════╛ ╙─────╜ ███████ +++++++ +-----+ +-----+ 5 █ █ 6 + + 7 ! ! 8 | | ███████ +++++++ +-----+ +-----+ When the draw mode is active you "draw" by simply moving the 4 direction keys. E! manages automatically lines crossings so you just have to indicate in which direction you want to draw. E! will do the job for you. To suspend drawing hit the SCROLLOCK key. When SCROLLOCK is active, you can enter text and access many E! functions. Though we recommend you don't stay in DRAW mode if it is not necessary. When you enter the DRAW mode, the first character E! will draw depends on the last direction key which was used. A simple character is considered as a right direction key (right arrow). When you cut an existing line you can : a. continue in the same direction, E! will draw a full cross b. change the drawing direction, E! will link the two lines properly. If you make a mistake, just redraw over the existing line. The mistake will be corrected. Just spend a few minutes to try the DRAW mode : it's fun and easy. E!.DOC page 29 E!.DOC K. COMMANDS ___________ E! commands are entered on the E! command line. You access the E! command line with the ESCAPE key which is a toggle key and will return you to the EDIT mode. 1.About E! commands ___________________ While in COMMAND mode you can use the whole command line to enter commands. All commands may be upper or lowercase. You may also use shortcuts to enter commands. You have to enter just as many characters as E! needs to recognize the command (the "minimum" command is specified for each command). ex : Def for DEFINE Asc for ASCII Autot for Autotab AutoC for Autocomp etc... All entered commands are stored in a circular list. So you can retrieve old commands, reenter them or edit them. If you reenter a command without modifying it, it is not restored. Old commands are retrieved with the UP and DOWN keys. There is no limit to the number of commands E! can store. While editing the command line, you can benefit from the "normal" line editing functions (Home, End, Ctrl End, Ctrl Right, Ctrl Left, etc...). All keystrokes not related to command line editing are available and redirected to the text. So you can continue marking and deleting text, move blocks etc... A VIRTUAL cursor is always available, showing you what is the active cursor position in the text. (Please see ALT C in the BLOCKS MANIPULATION chapter). Last but not least, any command entered on the command line and not recognized by E! is redirected to DOS and executed. So you can run any internal or external DOS command or any program directly from the E! command line. If there is any problem executing this command E! will issue an appropriate message. You can force command redirection to DOS prefixing your command with "*". ex : *LIST will not call the E! "LIST" command but will directly execute the LIST program if available. You can also execute a "blind" DOS command prefixing the command name with "@". Doing so the E! screen will not be cleared and the DOS command will be executed "in the background". All program STANDARD outputs will be redirected in order to keep the E! screen intact. These ouputs are LOST. If you run a program making BIOS calls or direct video access, the E! screen will be naturally affected. E!.DOC page 30 E!.DOC Example: @cd\ will switch to the root directory without showing any DOS prompt and without modifying the E! screen. This will save time. but issuing @dir would a real time loss because any output would be lost. @dir > list.lst should be more interesting. WARNING : If you load a TSR program (resident program) from E! this will generate big problems. Generally E! will see that and issue a warning message asking you to save the edited texts. No program making DOS accesses will accept that you load a TSR program during the shell. Before processing DOS commands E! will try to recover as much memory as possible for your program to run. While doing this E! issues a message : "Compressing memory...". During idle times (that is when you don't hit the keyboard) E! continually reorganizes memory to have your text laying as low as possible in memory. This will also contribute to free some space for your programs. 2. E! COMMANDS REFERENCE _________________________ E! commands are listed below in alphabetical order. Generally commands requiring parameters may be entered without parameters. In this case E! will show you the active parameters for this function. This is not true for the DELAY and SCROLL functions which are not used very frequently. ex : MARGINS entered without any parameters will display the active margins. So you may edit them and enter the new values. AUTOBACK [yes/no] (default YES) - ( autob ) If AUTOBACK has been set to YES, pressing the BACKSPACE key will delete the left character and move the right part of the line to left. This is the way BACKSPACE normally works. Setting BACKSPACE to NO will cause the left character to be deleted but the line remains unchanged, that is the deleted character is replaced with a BLANK. No part of the line will be moved. AUTOCOMP [yes/no] (default NO) - ( autoc ) E! always consider the TAB character as a normal character and will display it as a graphic chararacter. TAB keystrokes are actually emulated. If the text being loaded contains TAB characters you may want these TAB's to be expanded. In the same way, you may want to save some disk space and convert all blanks sequences to TABs when it is possible. This is done using AUTOCOMP, EXPAND and COMPRESS. If AUTOCOMP is set to YES, files will be automatically E!.DOC page 31 E!.DOC expanded when they are loaded and compressed when they are written to disk using F4. E! uses a tabulation increment of 8 which is the value used by DOS and all ascci editors. So you will have no problems loading files edited with other programs. E! will not compress the blanks if you save the file with F2, SAVE or during automatic saving. Only F4 causes the blanks to be compressed. Naturally, if you already compressed the text with COMPRESS, compression is maintained. Strings between quotes (' or ") will never be compressed. So you will never have problems compressing sources files containing strings to be displayed. Compression will save about 15-20% of the file size on disk but there will be a little overhead when the file is loaded or saved. Compression will be optimal if text indentation is made with the default increment (8). See COMPRESS and EXPAND. E!.MSG, E!KEY.HLP and E!.HLP must not be compressed. Be aware that certain DOS commands don't know how to deal with tab characters. Hence, it is not recommended to compress batch files, autoexec.bat or config.sys. AUTOTAB [yes/no] (default NO) - ( autot ) AUTOTAB YES will cause the TAB key to move the cursor under the first character of the next word on the previous line. Previous tab positions are ignored until AUTOTAB is set to NO. APPEND [filename]/[devname] - ( app ) The marked BLOCK or GROUP of lines is appended to the file or to the DOS device specified (generally the printer). ASCII char - ( asc ) This command will display the ascii code of the character passed as parameter. If no parameter is passed, the current character is taken as parameter if there is a valid character at the current cursor position. AUTOLIMIT n (default 500) - ( autol ) n is the number of keystrokes triggering an autosave. This is a global value for all files being edited. Entering 0 will deactivate the AUTOSAVE process. A non zero value for AUTOLIMIT will not activate the AUTOSAVE process if it is set to NO. AUTOSAVE [yes/no] (default NO) ( autosa ) AUTOSAVE YES will activate the AUTOSAVE mode. When the number of keys you pressed reaches the value specified with AUTOLIMIT the text being edited is automatically saved to disk. Keystrokes count is maintained for each text separately. AUTOSAVE is a global command affecting all texts being edited. E!.DOC page 32 E!.DOC If AUTOSAVE is active, every call to a DOS command or a call to the E! "COMPILE" command will cause every modified text ( M on the status line) to be saved before the command is executed. This is very useful if you are not convinced that the program you want to execute is a safe program or if you want to be sure to compile the last version of the source file your are editing. AUTOSCROLL [yes/no] (default NO) - (autosc) When you are entering new text you will often find you editing on the last physical line of the active window. Since you cannot see the text under the active line you may feel uncomfortable. If AUTOSCROLL is set to YES, as soon as you reach the middle of the active window when you insert new lines, E! will automatically scroll one line up when you insert a new line. So you will stay editing on the middle of the active window. If you begin inserting past the "middle" line you will stay on the line where you began inserting. BAK [yes/no] (default NO) - ( bak ) Setting BAK to YES will cause E! to generate .BAK copy of your existing file each time you save a new version. This is a good security but will consume much disk space. Automatic saving does not generate a .BAK file. CANCEL [all]|[filename] - ( can ) The specified file or all files submitted to the DOS PRINT spooler are deleted from the PRINT queue. Cancel without parameter deletes the current file from the PRINT queue. See SUBMIT. CHAR n - ( char ) Display the character the ascii code of which is n (decimal). CODE [yes/no] (default NO) - ( code ) If CODE is set to YES the error code value is displayed along with error messages. This may be convenient if the error messages file has been lost or not found. So you can refer to the documentation. COMPRESS / EXPAND - ( compr / expan ) Even if AUTOCOMP is set to NO, you may want to compress blanks to tabs in your text. Use COMPRESS to do that. Tabs will appear as a normal control character. EXPAND will expand tabs to blanks using the DOS conventions. The file size indicator on the command line will be updated so you can see what is the benefit of an eventual compression. E! will not compress a string containing quotes. That is, the part between quotes will not be compressed. To avoid expansion problems, a line of text containing tabs will not be compressed. UNDO n This command specifies the size of the E! UNDO buffer. It may vary from 256 to 65521 bytes. Both sizes are not recommended. The E!.DOC page 33 E!.DOC default is 2048 bytes. This command is actually not a real command and you cannot enter it on the command line. You may only use it ONCE in the MAIN profile (E!.PRO). Any new UNDO command in a profile will be ignored. DEFINE code - ( def ) code string ou [code " string "] ou [code 'string '] code @nmacname code $proname code &ncommandname code functioncode The DEFINE command is one of the most important feature of E!. This is the way to redefine the keyboard and to affect any kind of command, keystroke, string, profile, function or macro to a key. You will have generally two parameters to enter along with the DEFINE command. The first parameter is always the keycode of the key you want to reassign. These keycodes are found in APPENDIX 2 and in the HELP file (partially for the latter). 1. The most simple command is the string assignment. Simply enter the string you want to assign to the key as the second parameter to the DEFINE command. The string may be entered without quotes but in this case leading and trailing blanks will be ignored. You may use simple or double quotes. ex : Def 380 'E! is great' will affect the specified string to Alt 5. 2. Affecting a macro (see MACROS) to a key is also quite simple. ex : Def 380 @macname.mac will assign the macro saved in the MACNAME.MAC file to the Alt 5 key. Each time you will press Alt 5 this macro will be loaded and executed. The active macro is temporarily saved and restored when the called macro is terminated. The .MAC extension is a default. So you don't need to specify it. 3. To affect a profile to a key juste change the "@" character to a "$". ex : Def 380 $proname will assign the profile PRONAME.PRO to the Alt 5 key. When you will press Alt 5, PRONAME.PRO will be loaded and E! will be reconfigured using this new profile. This will be very useful if you have to switch between a program and text file. Using judicious profiles will help you to quickly change the editing context. 4. Using the same method you will affect any command (including DOS commands) to a key : ex : Def 378 &edit myfile.e! will cause MYFILE.E! to be edited each time you press Alt 3. 5. DEFINE also allows you to dinamically redefine the entire E!.DOC page 34 E!.DOC keyboard if you want : Define keycode functioncode ex : Def 389 3 will assign the "Align Text" function (normally assigned to Ctrl A) to the F11 key if you have an enhanced keyboard. Ctrl A will always trigger the same function but it is now available for another job. Functions codes are described in APPENDIX 2. E! has a more easier way to reassign keystrokes. Just enter DEFINE (def) without any parameter on the command line. E! will prompt you to hit : 1. the target key for the reassignment 2. the default key triggering the function you want to reassign. Example: Enter "def" on the command line. Hit F11 (this key is normally not affected). (E! will display 389 on the command line) Hit Ctrl A ("align text" function) (E! will display 1 on the command line) Hit Enter. That's all. You will not have to remember keycodes and functions codes. This definition may be edited before you hit ENTER. So you can change the second code to any string. NOTE : You may have problems with DOS 3.3. Certain keystrokes are no more recognized with some keyboard drivers (FR and GR). If this is the case and if you don't need the CODE PAGE switching, you may use a keyboard driver from a previous DOS. This works very fine. 6. Using DEFINE with only the first parameter will reaffect the default function to the specified key. ex : Def 378 will cause Alt 3 to trigger the default function which is the text marking. Normally you will use DEFINE mainly in your PROFILES. You may also use the following tip : use the same key in two different profiles to toggle between them. You may have a main profile designed for programming containing a DEFINE command to assign the EDITING PROFILE loading to a key. This EDITING profile may also contain a command assigning the MAIN PROFILE loading to the same key. So this key will toggle between the two profiles. DELAY n (default 850 - PC AT value) DELAY specifies how long you have to press on a SHIFT key (Alt, E!.DOC page 35 E!.DOC Ctrl, Shift) to display the secondary help lines corresponding to that shift key. 0 will deactivate the secondary help lines. The upper limit for DELAY is 32767. Use it only if you are VERY patient. DENUMBER (denum) If you used the NUMBER command, DENUMber will delete line numbering at the beginning of each line. WARNING : if this numbering has been altered, E! may delete some valid characters. See NUMBER. DRAW [1]|.......|[8] or empty entry (default 1) - ( draw ) See DRAW chapter. DOS This command simply opens a DOS session. Enter EXIT to return to E!. This is not the more simple way to run DOS commands since you may enter these commands directly on the E! command line. DOS is here for convenience if you really need to "escape" to DOS. See also AUTOSAVE. EDIT [filespec1] [filespec2]...[filespecn] - ( edit ) See GETTING STARTED. NOTE - you have to be aware of two things : - Before loading a file E! controls if there is enough memory to keep it into memory. If not, the file is simply not loaded and an error message is issued. - Even if the first control (which cannot be very accurate) is ok, a control is made for each line loaded. This is a security for your files. EPROFILE - ( epro ) Edit the E! main profile : E!.PRO. EGA-VGA [yes/no] (default YES) This command allows a 35/43/50 lines display mode when you hit Ctrl G. Normally you need not to use this command since E! automatically detects if you can benefit from these modes. Unfortunately, some multi-standard display adapters do not behave very well and you may experiment problems. So this command is available to "manually" control these display modes. EMSG Edit the E!.MSG file. So you can freely modify the error messages and help lines if you made some reassignments. The error messages lines order MUST not be changed for messages consistency. PUT filename - ( put ) This command will cause the marked BLOCK or GROUP of lines to be written in the specified file wich may be a DOS system file (PRN, E!.DOC page 36 E!.DOC LPT1, etc...). Any existing file is overwritten. If WARNING is active, E! will issue a warning message. PRINT /code1/code2/code3/... - ( prin ) This is the way to print the current text. The printer will first be initialized with the specified code1....coden ascii codes (decimal). ex : PRINT /27/69 (ESC E) will print the current file with a near-letter-quality on an IBM compatible printer. This way of printing is not buffered. To make a buffered print, use the SUBMIT command. Naturally, if you have a print spooler installed, the print will be buffered. Hit ESCAPE at any time to cancel the print. GET filename - ( get ) GET will load the specified file at the cursor position. LIST [path] - ( list ) LIST is a very convenient command if you use it combined with Ctrl L (edit current word as a file), Ctrl Z (list current word as a directory), Ctrl X (execute cuurent line as a DOS command). LIST without any parameter will display the current directory in a new edit buffer. You may also specify a path and a file specification if needed. You may want to use Alt G to sort the displayed list. Each LIST file is named LIST.nnn. nnn begins with 000 and is incremented along your E! session. These files are erased as soon as they are created and displayed but you may save them if you want. Note 1 : In a LIST "." and ".." always point to the current directory and the current directory parent directory. Not the directory being displayed. Note 2 : LIST.xxx will be also listed if you are listing the E! directory (that is the directory you specified with SET E!=....). LOG [yes/no] - (log) If LOG is set to YES, a LOG file will be written each time E! exits. This allows E! to reload the previous a session and to position the cursor at the last editing position in the edited files. MACRO [macname] - ( mac ) Load and execute the specified macro. (See MACROS). MARGINS [left right paragraph] - ( marg ) MARGINS without parameter displays the active margins. You may edit them and reenter the new command or directly enter the new margins values. Margins are not used by E! if the WORDWRAP mode is E!.DOC page 37 E!.DOC not activated. The paragraph margin value may be smaller than the left margin. MEMORY - ( mem ) This command displays the amount of memory available for editing. SNOW [yes/no] (default is automatic detection) - ( snow ) Setting SNOW to YES will force E! to synchronize with the display adapter to update the screen. This is generally not needed unless you have a CGA adapter. Usually E! will detect if SNOW YES is needed. If your adapter is not compatible you may want to control this manually. NMACRO macname - ( nmac ) This command works almost the same as MACRO but the specified macro is only loaded and not executed. It becomes the active macro and you can run it with Ctrl P. The previous active macro is saved and can be restored with Ctrl Q. NAME filename - ( nam ) This is a simple command to rename the current text. NUMBER NUMBER uses no parameters. It simply adds a line numbering to the text. That is, the line number is REALLY inserted in your text and not only displayed. This will be useful to BASIC programmers or if you want a listing with line numbers. See also DENUMber and RENUMber. PAUSE [yes/no] If PAUSE is set to YES, E! will wait for a keystroke before returning from DOS. If not, there is no wait and E! will return immediatly after executing the command. PROFILE proname - ( pro ) This is the command used to reconfigure E! using a specific profile (generally different from the main profile). See PROFILES. QUIT - ( quit ) Same as F3. QQUIT QQUIT will cause the program to terminate immediatly after a last warning message. No file will be saved, initial video mode, if changed, is not restored and no LOG file is created or updated. It is not recommended to assign this command to a key. E!.DOC page 38 E!.DOC RENUMBER If the line numbering created with NUMBER has been altered, RENUM will regenerate it (e.g. you moved some lines). SAVE [filename] - ( save ) SAVE without any filename is the same as F2. If you add a filename to the command, the current file will be saved with the name you specified. SCROLL n - ( scrol ) n is the amount of columns you want to be scrolled when you use Alt F3 or Alt F4. SELECTION - ( sel ) This command allows you to enter any character at the current cursor position (assuming this character is not defined on your keyboard). This will be useful to enter characters from the extended ascii set. Enter SELection on the E! command line. Use the direction keys (with or without Ctrl) to select a character. The screen is permanently updated with the current selection so you can see the result of your selection before the character is really inserted in your text. Confirm with ENTER or cancel with ESCAPE. SMACRO macname - ( smac ) This command saves the active macro (defined with Ctrl R) in a file named macname. The .MAC extension is the default, so you need not to specify an extension. The macro is saved in the path defined with SET E!=... . See MACROS. SUBMIT - ( subm ) This command assumes you have installed the DOS PRINT spooler. If not, an error message is issued. SUBMIT entered without parameter will enter the current text in the PRINT queue. Since PRINT works on a file, the current text is automatically saved before being submitted to PRINT. You will then return to E! and the text will be printed as a background task. PLEASE DO NOT install PRINT from E!. PRINT is a resident program and will cause E! to crash if you enter the *PRINT command from the E! command line or from a DOS session initiated from E!. To cancel a PRINT use the CANCEL command. STRIP - (strip) STRIP causes the heighth bit of all characters of the text being edited to be set to 0. This is very useful if you loaded a text edited with WORDSTAR (trademark). The text will be immediatly made readable. Naturally all characters belonging to extended IBM ascii character set will also be stripped (so be careful if you are DRAWING). TABS [yes/no] (default no) TABS YES tells E! to display a ruler showing all active TAB E!.DOC page 39 E!.DOC positions. This ruler is updated when you scroll the text towards left or right or when you add or delete a tab position. TABS does not mean the same when you use it in a PROFILE. LOCK xxx If you ask E! to load a non text file, it will generally be aware of that and will issue a warning message. Though it is more convenient not to load such files. As a default E! will refuse to load any file with a .COM, .EXE, .BIN, .OBJ extension. You may add up to 21 extensions to this list using the LOCK command. This will be normally specified in your PROFILE but you can use this command on the command line for temporary needs. Ex : Lock cpi will preclude E! to load any .CPI file (in this case code page files of DOS 3.3). If you used LOCK judiciously, you will be able to edit all files in a directory that are text files entering E! *.*. WARNING [yes/no] (default yes) - ( warn ) A warning message is issued when you overwrite an existing file only if WARNING is set to YES which is the default value. [+/-] n Moves the cursor to line n. If you use "+" or "-" the cursor will be moved n lines forwards or backwards. SEARCH / REPLACE COMMANDS [!]|[=]/string1/[string2/][*][c][-][b][d] SEARCH ONLY : /string1/ : Searches the string "string1". If ! (optional) is used, the string delimiter may be different from "/". !%string1% (convenient to search a string imbedding a "/") options : c --> makes the search case sensitive. - --> initiates a backwards search. b --> limits the search area to the marked BLOCK or GROUP of LINES. Global search if no marked area exists. d --> deactivates default options specified in the active PROFILE. See PROFILES. This option may be combined with the others. Ctrl S : repeat search. Alt 0 : search the current word in the remaining part of the text. The word may be delimited with blanks or any quote or punctuation sign (including programmation symbols). E!.DOC page 40 E!.DOC SEARCH AND REPLACE : =/string1/string2/[options] The "=" sign is mandatory. String1 is the searched string and string2 is the replacement string. If you use the "*" option, replacements are made without any confirmation prompt. If not, you will be prompted to replace or not (Y/N), Continue(C - same as *) or to terminate the search. See below. You may use b,c,d and - options. Here is the detailed answers you can make to the E! SEARCH and REPLACE prompt: - YES (Y) : the string will be replaced and E! will search the next occurence of string1. - NO (N) : the found string will be skipped (not replaced) and E! will search the next one. - CONTINUE (C) : the string will be replaced and all other occurences will be replaced without any prompt as if you entred the * option. - QUIT (Q) : the string is not replaced and the search is terminated. Using Ctrl S always initializes a simple search without replacement. If the b option (block limited search) is not used, the search will always begin at the current cursor position when you enter the search command. On the contrary, using Ctrl S to repeat the process will begin the search at the last "found" position even if you moved the cursor in the mean time. If you really want to repeat the search from the CURRENT position, you will have to reinitiate the search variables hitting Ctrl V. Search variables are always initialized when : - you switch to another text - you load a new file So the search will not necessarily begin at the first line of text. To ensure the search will be global, use the b option (block limited search) without marking any area or move the cursor to the text begin and hit Ctrl V. The E! search process is circular. That is, when it finds the last ocurrence of a string in the text, E! will display a search end message (Search Terminated) if you hit Ctrl S. If you hit Ctrl S again, E! will found the first search string occurence again. This will not be necessary the first occurence of the string in the whole text but the first occurence of the string from the start point of the search when it was initialized. E!.DOC page 41 E!.DOC You may define default search options in your profiles. The E! default search options are : - not case sensitive - forwards - not limited to a block - prompts when replacing Only insert the following line in your profile: SEARCH options the options string being made up of any option character (b, c, *, -). example: SEARCH *c Remember to use "d" to deactivate the default search options from the command line. E!.DOC page 42 E!.DOC L. MACROS _________ You will often find you typing identical keystrokes sequences again and again. E! allows you to record these keystrokes (temporarily or permanently) and to replay them each time they are needed. These keystrokes sequences are called macros. You will show E! what you want to do only once and E! will repeat the job on request. TEMPORARY RECORDING To record a sequence you just need to hit Ctrl R (ecord) before the sequence begins. Use any command or function you have to use and hit Ctrl R again when your sequence is completed. E! will issue a message as the recording begins and ends. If you hit Ctrl U while recording, it is canceled. To replay the sequence, hit Ctrl P(lay). You have just defined the active macro. This macro can now be saved in a file. If you record a new macro, the previous one will be saved in a buffer. Ctrl Q makes the saved macro active again. A macro may contain 253 keystrokes. RECORDING PERMANENTLY If you defined a macro of general interest and if you think you will reuse it later, it will be useful to save it in a file for later use. SMACRO macname will do the job. The .MAC extension is a default, so you need not give an extension. The macro will be stored in the directory you defined with SET E!=.... or in the current directory if you defined no E! directory. You may specify a path for the macro name. To replay the macro, just enter MACro macname (no extension if you choose the default) on the E! command line. The current macro, if any, will be saved and macname will be executed. Then the active macro will be restored. Playing a macro with the macro command does not make it the active macro. The NMACro command will only load the specified macro and make it the active macro. To replay it, just enter Ctrl P. Use Ctrl Q to restore the previous one. As stated above, the DEFINE command allows you to assign a macro to a key either on the E! command line or in you profile(s). See DEFINE. When you record the macro, one of the recorded keystrokes may be a key to which another macro was assigned. This means nested macros are allowed. There is no limit to the depth level of nested macros. Well, it is not highly recommended to nest too many macros but you can do it. Each nested macro uses 514 bytes of memory. There is no simple way to control if a macro is calling itself. Doing so will likely cause E! to crash! To fully control the execution of the macro E! will stop its execution each time a "non neutral" message is issued during E!.DOC page 43 E!.DOC execution. For example, if your macro is trying to move a block and no marked block is here, E! will stop macro execution. Non neutral messages are listed in APPENDIX 1. If you recorded a complex macro you may want to continue macro execution. This will happen if you inserted a "CONTINUE MARK" in your macro using Alt Q. If a macro is stopped after a non neutral message, E! will look the macro for a "CONTINUE MARK". If one is found, macro execution will resume after the mark. If your macro executes E! functions requesting a user entry, the entry you made while recording the macro is also "replayed". These functions are Ctrl D (repeat character), Alt G (block sort), Alt H (draw box), Alt F (fill block). E! also records the mode change, that is, you may toggle between EDIT mode and COMMAND mode while recording a macro. All commands issued on the E! command line are recorded. Here is a very simple example of SEARCH and REPLACE macro. Assuming you are programming in Pascal and you want to convert some Pascal keywords to uppercase in your text automatically. The following will be the typical way of achieving this goal : Ctrl R (begin macro recording) Ctrl Home (move to text begin) Ctrl Home Escape (command mode) =/begin/BEGIN/* ENTER Alt Q (continue mark) Ctrl Home Ctrl Home =/end/END/* ENTER etc... Ctrl R (end macro) Another example: you want to delete all lines containg "string1": Ctrl Home (preparing the macro) Ctrl Home Esc /C1/ ENTER Ctrl BackSpace Ctrl R (begin macro recording) Ctrl S Ctrl BackSpace Ctrl R (end macro) Hit Ctrl P until you get a "Search terminated" message. Please notice the following : 1. E! records the active mode (EDIT or COMMAND) when you begin recording. It will be automatically restored as you replay the macro EVEN IF IT IS A NESTED MACRO. So don't care about being in the right E!.DOC page 44 E!.DOC mode when you hit Ctrl P. 2. On the contrary the active mode when the macro terminates is the mode that was active when you terminated recording. 3. E! commands executed thru a macro are not recorded in the circular command list. It will save some precious memory. So please does not use the up and down direction keys when you record a macro you plan to save to disk : the editing context will likely have changed and your macro will not execute safely because you will not recall the right commands. E!.DOC page 45 E!.DOC M. PROFILES ___________ PROFILES are a very convenient way to configure or reconfigure E! dynamically. E! is always configured with the main PROFILE (E!.PRO) when it is loaded. You will reconfigure it while editing with any .PRO file. The main profile is searched first in the current directory and then in E! directory (SET E!=...). You may want to design different "main profiles" depending on the directory you are working in. If no E!.PRO file is found, default options are maintained. Generally PROFILE commands are similar or even identical to E! commands but it will not be always the case. The "dummy" profile delivered with E! shows you all possible commands in a E! profile. To activate them you will have to remove the double asterisk at the beginning of the line (** - all text after the double asterisk is ignored). These commands are also listed below. Shortcuts are not allowed in a profile. But the profile commands interpreter is not case sensitive. WARNING : when you load a new profile "over" the active profile, only the profile commands used in the new profile are rerun. That is, all other options are not reset to their default values. TYPEMATIC ********* On computers using a recent AT BIOS (after 11/15/85), on PC XT 286 and PS/2 you can specify typematic parameters: 1. the key repeat rate : from 2 to 30 characters/sec. This controls how quickly a key will be repeated if it his held down long enough. 2. the delay repeat value, one from the following : 250, 500, 750 or 1000 ms. This controls how long a key must be held down before it repeats. To control the typematic parameters insert the following line in your profile : Typematic n1(key repeat value) n2(delay repeat value) ex: Typematic 30 750 If the values specified are out of range, nothing will be changed. Default BIOS settings are n1 = 10 and n2 = 500. Using typematic on a computer without extended keyboard bios will do no harm. E! resets defaults before exiting. E!.DOC page 46 E!.DOC Non integer values are allowed but are of low interest. This function does not disable the "emulated cursor acceleration" function (SHIFT + arrows). Remember the accelerated cursor function does not work on non strictly compatible machines. E!.DOC page 47 E!.DOC PROFILE's COMMANDS ****************** "See above" means the command has the same effect than on the E! command line. Please enter one command per line. EGA-VGA Yes/No default : Yes Don't use this option unless there is a problem with your display adapter. See above. 35LINES Yes/No default : No Replaces the 43 or 50 lines mode with a more readable 35 lines mode. See above. SOUND Yes/No default : Yes Allows E! to beep all non neutral error messages. AUTOBACK Yes/No default : Yes See above. AUTOFORMAT yes/no default : no See above. AUTOCOMP yes/no default : no See above. AUTOSAVE yes/no default : no See above. AUTOTAB yes/no default : no See above. AUTOLIMIT n default : 500 See above. BAK yes/no default : no See above. SPACES yes/no default : no SPACES YES will cause E! to remove all trailing blanks automatically when saving a file. CODE yes/no default : no See above. E!.DOC page 48 E!.DOC COMPILE extension compiler command line ($$ = filename without extension) Compilers definitions will be inserted with this command. See "Programming support" below. UNDO n default : 2048 See above. DELAY n default : 850 See above. EOL [CRLF|LFCR|LF|CR] default : CRLF Specify the End of Line termination sequence. This is normally a CRLF sequence but some programs use other conventions. PLEASE DON'T USE THIS COMMAND UNLESS YOU REALLY NEED IT. SAVING A FILE WITH AN EOL SETTING DIFFERENT FROM CRLF OR CR WILL MAKE IT NON LOADABLE WITH E!. ADDONLAST yes/no default : yes ADDONLAST YES allows E! to insert a new line when you hit the down arrow whith the cursor laying on the last line of the current text. IBM101T yes/no default : no E! does not recognize the IBM enhanced keyboard (or equivalent) unless you tell him to do so. Setting IBM101T to YES with non enhanced keyboard will cause the program to crash! (machine hang on loading). INSERT yes/no default : no This defines the Insert key state when E! is loaded. PRTINIT /n1/n2/n3... This will set the default values for printer initialization when you use the PRINT command. These values are not sent to the printer if you specify new values on the E! command lines. See above. JUSTIFY yes/no default : no Set the JUSTIFICATION mode toggle. This will have no effect in the main profile. See above. LOG yes/no default : no See above. MARGINS left right paragraph default : 10 70 15 See above. E!.DOC page 49 E!.DOC PAUSE yes/no default : yes See above. SNOW yes/no default : yes See above. SCROLL n default : 40 See above. TABS n1 n2 n3 ... Define new tab positions and remove all previous registered positions. TYPEMATIC speed delay See above. LOCK xxx default : COM EXE BIN OBJ See above. WARNING yes/no default : yes See above. CURSOR yes/no default : yes CURSOR NO disables the "accelerated cursor emulation on non strictly compatible computers. DEFINE code @macname ** Assigns a macro to key code $proname ** Assigns a profile to a key code &commname ** Assigns a command to a key code chaîne ** Assigns a string to a key code "chaîne" ** Use quotes if you want to imbed code 'chaîne' ** leading or trailing blanks code fnccode ** Assigns a function to a key. code ** Restore the default function DEFINE without parameter has no effect in a profile COLOR DEFINITIONS = SCREEN_AREA background foreground C_HELP f a ** Help line C_BLOCK f a ** Marked blocks C_BORDER f ** Border (CGA/EGA/VGA only) ** be careful with multi-standards ** adapters C_COMMAND f a ** Command line C_CURSOR f a ** Virtual cursor C_MESSAGES f a ** Messages C_STATUS1 f a ** Status line (fixed part) C_STATUS2 f a ** Status line (variables) C_TEXT f a ** Text E!.DOC page 50 E!.DOC 0 black 4 red 8 gray 12 light red 1 blue 5 magenta 9 light blue 13 light magenta 2 green 6 brown 10 light green 14 yellow 3 cyan 7 light grey 11 light cyan 15 white CURSOR SHAPE DEFINITION = SCREENTYPE topline bottomline CURSORMONO tl bl ** Cursor shape in overwrite mode CURSORCOL tl bl CURSORMONOINS tl bl ** Cursor shape in insert mode CURSORCOLINS tl bl This command controls the cursor shape. Use it if you don't like the default values or if you have a problem with your display adapter. Some EGA / VGA adapters have a VERY bad cursor emulation. tl is the top scan line and bl is the bottom scan line. The following diagram shows you how tl and bl work. Allowed ranges for tl and bl are 0-7 for color adapters and 0-13 for monochrome adapters. ┌────────────┐ top of character matrix (line 0) │ │ │ │ ├────────────┤ tl │▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒│ │▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒│ visible part of cursor │▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒│ └────────────┘ bl - bottom of character matrix (ligne 7 ou 13) E!.DOC page 51 E!.DOC N. PROGRAMMING SUPPORT ______________________ To be a complete programming tool, E! has to offer some services in the program compilation area. Well, it is the case. E! allows you to compile a program source file and to retrieve errors within the source file like any integrated compiler environment. This will work with any compiler issuing standard error messages. If several errors are detected, E! will build an internal list of errors and allow you to move from an error to the other in your source file. Let's examine the whole process of compiling a file under E!: 1/ For any compiler you plan to use insert the following line in your active profile: COMPILE ext compiler command line example: COMPILE asm masm $$.asm; ($$ replaces the current filename without any extension) 2/ Load this profile to activate the command (if it is not already active). 3/ Edit your source file and enter COMPILE without any parameter on the E! command line. THAT'S ALL. E! will search an internal table if there is any compiler defined for the current file extension. For example, if you are editing a file named myprog.asm, E! will search this table for an "asm" entry. If one is found, E! will replace the $$ sequence in your compiler command line with the name of the current file WITHOUT any extension. Before calling DOS and the compiler, E! will redirect all DOS output to one file named "filename.ERR" (to be more precise, E! redirects stderr and stdout). When the compiler returns to DOS, E! will analyze the .ERR files and will find out if there are errors to be searched in the source file. It will then display the first error in the list highlighting the corresponding line in your text and displaying the corresponding compiler error message on the E! help line. You can move between errors (if there are more than one) using Alt F8 (move forward) and Alt F9 (move backward). The compiler error message will be automatically updated and the corresponding line from the source file will be highlighted. The error list remains valid until you run another compilation. If E! is not able to build an error list (non standard compiler or successful compilation) it will immediatly edit the generated .ERR file. So you can see the result yourself. E!.DOC page 52 E!.DOC An error list is maintained for each file. Although this may lead to memory space problems, this process will also work with the MAKE utility. Actually, this will work with any program you wish even if it is not a compiler. The profile command for a MAKE process will be very simple: Compile C MAKE $$ will be generally sufficient. Although this a powerful function, E! will never replace a dedicated programming environment but it may be convenient to use the E! programming support to verify if a source file is free of syntax errors or to quickly compile short programs without loading the whole machinery of a more sophisticated environment. E! recognizes following error messages formats : error filename row: message warning filename row: message filename row column: message filename (row,column): message filename (row): message filename : row : message "filename", row column: message These formats are used with most compilers. To modify compile options you will have to edit the active profile and reload it. See PROFILE's. E! has been successfully tested with following compilers (trademarks): Microsoft C 5.1 Turbo C 1.5 Turbo Pascal 4.0 Microsoft Assembler 5.0 Other compilers have been tested by E! users. E!.DOC page 53 E!.DOC O. E! IS A SHAREWARE ____________________ First, I would like to apologize for my poor english. I did my best to translate this documentation properly but you will have to judge the result yourself. Any help to enhance this documentation file is welcome. E! is a user supported software. It is distributed as a shareware. You may freely copy it and distribute it as long as you do not charge for these copies. However, an exception is granted to recognized user's groups which are hereby authorized to charge a small amount for postage, media, handling, etc... If you suppose E! development was a long (but exciting) task, you're right. I wrote the first line of code in January 87. At this time there was still 10999 to write and test and rewrite and retest... E! has been beta tested by professional programmers. So you can assume it is a safe program. Actually, E! has been written using E! which is the better test I could do. If you find E! easy to use, quick and efficient a registration of $50 would be greatly appreciated. This registration includes all new versions or updates for one year. Please fill in registration form and send registration fee to : Guy Lachance 215-C Mulberry, El Paso, Texas 79932 U.S.A. Suggestions and "bug reports" have to be sent to: ON COMPUSERVE : 72561,3532 or ( Patrick Philippot ) 71460,3407 ( Guy Lachance ) or directly to the above address. Registered users will always receive a quick and detailed answer or an updated version if necessary. Please specify configuration and version number. If you are interested in distributing E! as a commercial software, please contact us. Patrick PHILIPPOT - 10/5/1988 Documentation revised by Guy LACHANCE - 01/10/1989 E!.DOC page 54 E!.DOC APPENDIX 1 : ERROR MESSAGES ___________________________ "Non neutral" error messages don't stop execution of the current macro. These messages are actually not error messages but only indicators of function completion. See MACROS. 01 Not enough memory or too many lines 02 Not text file(s) (likely) 03 Input / Output error... 04 No alternate window 05 Can't create a window here 06 ENTER to insert a line or to return * neutral message * 07 Block already marked 08 No marked block 09 Source and destination conflict 10 Block too big 11 Control characters allowed * neutral message * 12 Control characters discarded * neutral message * 13 Function interrupted 14 Bookmark dropped * neutral message * 15 Bookmark removed * neutral message * 16 Recording macro - ^R to end 17 Macro recorded - ^P to replay 18 Macro cancelled 19 Error during justification 20 Non existing or locked file 21 Error - Margins unchanged 22 Not a valid line 23 Search terminated 24 Syntax error 25 Please type one character and 3 digits 26 Code error - key not assigned 27 Character code error 28 Printer not ready 29 Unknown draw mode 30 Not enough memory. Sort cancelled 31 No active macro 32 Error - Scroll unchanged 33 DOS PRINT program not installed 34 Spooler error 35 New file * neutral message * 36 Textmark dropped * neutral message * 37 Textmark(s) removed * neutral message * 38 File too big 39 New macro loaded 40 Undo buffer is empty 41 Error list is empty E!.DOC page 55 E!.DOC APPENDIX 2 : KEY CODES AND FUNCTION CODES __________________________________________ (h = top of keyboard - b = numeric pad) CtrlA : 001 Move text of current line to cursor CtrlB : 002 Upcase current word in Pascal style (i.e. upcase_it becomes Upcase CtrlC : 003 Clear current line CtrlD : 004 Repeat specified character CtrlE : 005 Delete end of line from cursor CtrlF : 006 Toggle wordwrap mode CtrlG : 007 Toggle 35/43/50 lines mode CtrlH : 008 Delete left character CtrlI : 009 Move cursor to next tab position CtrlJ : 010 Toggle justify mode CtrlK : 011 CtrlL : 012 If current word is a file name, file is edited CtrlM : 013 Insert a new line CtrlN : 014 Insert file name at cursor CtrlO : 015 CtrlP : 016 Play active macro CtrlQ : 017 Restore previous macro CtrlR : 018 Begin / End macro record CtrlS : 019 Repeat last search CtrlT : 020 Insert system date and time at cursor CtrlU : 021 Cancel macro record CtrlV : 022 Initialize search variables CtrlW : 023 Delete current word CtrlX : 024 If current line is a DOS command, it is executed CtrlZ : 026 If current line is a valid DOS directory, it is edited CtrlF1: 350 Upcase current word CtrlF2: 351 Lowcase current word CtrlF3: 352 Upcase current block CtrlF4: 353 Lowcase current block CtrlF5: 354 Center text in block CtrlF6: 355 Reformat current paragraph CtrlF7: 356 Reformat current block CtrlF8: 357 CtrlF9: 358 CtrlF0: 359 Ctrl 6: 030 Ctrl -: 031 ^ Bsp : 127 Delete current line AltA : 286 Adjust block position AltB : 304 Mark block AltC : 302 Copy block at cursor position AltD : 288 Delete block AltE : 274 Move cursor to end of block AltF : 289 Fill block with specified character AltG : 290 Sort marked block (the entire lines are moved - key is block delim AltH : 291 Draw a box around block AltI : 279 Remove all tab positions AltJ : 292 Join current line and next line AltK : 293 Drop bookmark / Return to bookmark AltL : 294 Mark a line or a group of lines AltM : 306 Move block to cursor AltN : 305 Add values within block and display result at cursor E!.DOC page 56 E!.DOC AltO : 280 Overlay block at cursor position AltP : 281 Move cursor to next paragraph AltQ : 272 Insert "continue-mark" in macro being recorded AltR : 275 Remove a tab position AltS : 287 Split line at cursor position AltT : 276 Create a tab position AltU : 278 Unmark block AltV : 303 Remove trailing blanks AltW : 273 Mark current word AltX : 301 Allow entry of control characters AltY : 277 Move cursor to beginning of block AltZ : 300 Mark a sentence Alt1 : 376 Drop first textmark Alt2 : 377 Drop second textmark Alt3 : 378 Drop third textmark Alt4 : 379 Remove all textmarks Alt5 : 380 Refresh current file from disk Alt6 : 381 Search paired braces Alt7 : 382 Insert paired braces Alt8 : 383 Restore last removed lines Alt9 : 384 Insert lines automatically captured under DOS Alt0 : 385 Search current word Alt)- : 386 Insert blanks columns before block Alt= : 387 Insert blanks without moving cursor F1 : 315 Load help file F2 : 316 Save current file F3 : 317 Leave current file without saving F4 : 318 Save and leave current file F5 : 319 Create / Remove a window F6 : 320 Toggle draw mode F7 : 321 Rename current file F8 : 322 Edit new file(s) F9 : 323 Restore (undo) current line F0 : 324 Go to next file ShftF1: 340 Scroll left one character at a time ShftF2: 341 Scroll right one character at a time ShftF3: 342 Scroll down one line at a time ShftF4: 343 Scroll up one line at a time ShftF5: 344 Center current line in window ShftF6: 345 Raise current line to top of window ShftF7: 346 ShftF8: 347 ShftF9: 348 ShftF0: 349 Alt F1: 360 Display information about specified key Alt F2: 361 Alt F3: 362 Scroll left (number of columns specified with SCROLL command) Alt F4: 363 Scroll right (number of columns specified with SCROLL command) Alt F5: 364 Change active window Alt F6: 365 Alt F7: 366 Alt F8: 367 Next compilation error Alt F9: 368 Previous compilation error Alt F0: 369 Go to previous file Bsp : 008 Delete left character E!.DOC page 57 E!.DOC Enter : 013 Insert a new line Esc : 027 Toggle between CommandMode and EditMode Tab : 009 Move cursor to next tab position Sh Tab: 271 Move cursor to previous tab position Home : 327 Move to beginning of current or previous line Up : 328 Move to previous line PgUp : 329 Scroll one screen up Left : 331 Move cursor left Right : 333 Move cursor right End : 335 Move to end of current or next line Down : 336 Move to next line PgDn : 337 Scroll one screen down Insert: 338 Toggle insert mode Del : 339 Delete character at cursor ^ Left: 371 Go to previous word ^Right: 372 Go to next word ^ End : 373 Move cursor to end of text ^ PgDn: 374 Move cursor to end of screen ^ Home: 375 Move cursor to beginning of text ^ PgUp: 388 Move cursor to top of screen IBM ENHANCED KEYBOARD ONLY (no function assigned) _________________________________________________ F11 :389 Alt Esc:257 AltEnd:415 ^ Ins :402 F12 :390 Alt * :299 Alt Dn:416 ^ Del :403 ^F11 :393 Alt - h:381 AltIns:418 ^ Tab :404 ^F12 :394 Alt - b:330 AltDel:419 ShF11 :391 5(bloc):332 Alt / :420 ShF12 :392 Alt + :334 AltEnt:422 Alt F11:395 Alt Hom:407 ^ Up :397 Alt F12:396 Alt Up :408 ^ Dn :401 Alt PgU:409 Ctrl-b:398 Alt Lef:411 Ctrl5b:399 Alt Rig:413 Ctrl+b:400 E!.DOC page 58 E!.DOC APPENDIX 3 :KEYCODES NOT USED BY E! ___________________________________ Ctrl O Alt F6 Ctrl F8 Shift F7 Ctrl 2 Ctrl Y Alt F7 Ctrl F9 Shift F8 Ctrl 6 Ctrl F10 Shift F9 Shift F10 and all keystrokes from the enhanced keyboard. If you find some E! functions not useful, you may use their corresponding keystrokes to implement some specific command or macro, etc... E!.DOC page 59