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data-entry.xml
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<sect1 id="sect-data-entry">
<title>Data Entry</title>
<para>
There are several ways to add data into a spreadsheet. The
simplest data entry technique involves typing the data into a
spreadsheet by hand. This is usually necessary the first time that
data are introduced into a computer. If the data already exist in
a computer file of some kind, a simple way might exist to insert
these data into a <application>Gnumeric</application>
worksheet. If the data are in a text file, they can be inserted
into a worksheet rapidly using the text conversion facilities. If
data exist in a spreadsheet file of a different format,
<application>Gnumeric</application> may be able to open the file
and the data can then be copied where they are wanted.
</para>
<para>
This section explains how to enter data by hand into a
spreadsheet. The techniques necessary to obtain data from other
computer sources are explained in <xref linkend="chapter-files" /> which
deals with external data sources.
</para>
<warning>
<para>
If the information being entered into
<application>Gnumeric</application> cannot be interpreted
correctly, <application>Gnumeric</application> will display an
error message. The user may then be forced to edit the data
before continuing. For example, a formula may be mathematically
incorrect if the user has two operators in a row (e.g. =3+*4)
and the dialog will give the user the chance to re-edit the
entry or accept the entry as text rather than as a formula. When
the formula is corrected, the leading apostrophe can be removed
and <application>Gnumeric</application> will re-interpret the
entry as a formula.
</para>
</warning>
<sect2 id="sect-data-entry-simple">
<title>Data Entry by Editing Cells.</title>
<para>
The simplest method to place data in a spreadsheet involves
selecting the location for the data, typing the data on a
keyboard and then typing the <keysym>Enter</keysym> key to
finish the input.
</para>
<procedure>
<title>Simple Data Entry</title>
<step>
<para>
Select the cell where you want to enter data by clicking on
it with the white cross cursor. This will place the thick
`selection' box around that cell.
</para>
</step>
<step>
<para>
Type in the data or formula. The details of this step are
presented below for each of the five types of data which can
be entered.
</para>
</step>
<step>
<para>
Press the <keysym>Enter</keysym> key. This will complete the
input and move the selection box down one cell which will
then be able to receive further input.
</para>
</step>
</procedure>
<tip>
<para>
At any time while entering the data and before the
<keysym>Enter</keysym> is pressed, the user can cancel the
data entry by typing the <keysym>Esc</keysym> key. This will
return the spreadsheet to the selection mode and restore the
contents previously in the selected cell.
</para>
</tip>
<tip>
<para>
Instead of the <keysym>Enter</keysym> key, other keys can be
used to input the data in the current cell. These other keys
will move the selection box to other locations than does the
<keysym>Enter</keysym> key. The <keysym>Tab</keysym> key
inputs the entry in the currently selected cell and then moves
the selection box one cell to the right of the current
cell. The arrow keys input the entry into the currently
selected cell and move one cell in the direction of the
arrow. The <keysym>Enter</keysym> key can also be used in
conjunction with other keys. Typing the
<keycombo><keysym>Shift</keysym><keysym>Enter</keysym></keycombo>
combination will move the selection upwards after
entry. Typing the
<keycombo><keysym>Ctrl</keysym><keysym>Enter</keysym></keycombo>
combination will re-select the currently selected cell.
</para>
</tip>
<sect3 id="sect-data-entry-advanced-editing-mode">
<title>Advanced Editing Mode</title>
<para>
After selecting the cell and initially entering the data, the
user is in a limited editing mode. The main key for editing
mistakes in this mode is the backspace key.
</para>
<para>
For a more complete set of editing options, especially for
longer entries, there is an advanced editing mode. To enter
the advanced editing mode, press the <keycap>F2</keycap>
function key or click on the editing region. The keyboard
focus will then shift from the current cell to the editing
region at the top of the worksheet. There, you can use cursor
keys to position the cursor within the data in the cell, and
have all of the capabilities of the data entry area available.
</para>
<para>
For example, you can use:
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><keycap>Backspace</keycap></term>
<listitem><para>Delete the character to the left of the
cursor.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><keycap>Cursor keys</keycap></term>
<listitem><para>Move the cursor appropriately.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><keycap>Ctrl+K</keycap></term>
<listitem><para>Delete to the end of the line</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
See <xref linkend="sect-data-entry" /> For more info on the data
entry area.
</para>
<tip>
<para>
All the normal key bindings for Gnome application entry
boxes also apply in the data entry box.
</para>
</tip>
<para>
After finishing the data entry, pressing the
<keycap>Enter</keycap> key will input the data entry and move
the selection box downward just like for the simple editing
mode.
</para>
</sect3>
</sect2>
<!-- Below is a section for each data type explaining how to enter it. -->
<sect2 id="sect-data-entry-text">
<title>Entering Text Data</title>
<para>
Text can be entered by selecting a cell, typing the text and
then typing the <keysym>Enter</keysym> key. Anything that is not
interpreted to be a number, boolean, formula or error will be
treated as a text field. To prevent
<application>Gnumeric</application> from interpreting an entry
as one of these other elements, a leading apostrophe can be
added to force the entry to be text. Any entry, no matter what
the contents, which starts with a leading apostrophe (') will be
considered to be text.
</para>
<tip>
<para>
Postal codes in the United States are series of five
integers. By default, <application>Gnumeric</application>
interprets these to be numbers. This interpretation means that
the leading zeros used in the postal codes of the northeastern
region will be lost by default. To retain these leading zeros,
either the code should be entered with a leading apostrophe
(e.g. '02917) or the cells should be formatted as text before
data entry (see <xref linkend="sect-data-format" /> for an
explanation of formatting).
</para>
</tip>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="sect-data-entry-numbers">
<title>Entering Number Data</title>
<para>
Numbers can be entered like other items. First the cell in which
the number should be entered must be selected, then a valid
number must be typed in and finally the entry must be inserted
using the <keysym>Enter</keysym> key. The valid formats for
numbers are presented in <xref linkend="sect-data-numbers" />.
</para>
<para>
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="sect-data-entry-booleans">
<title>Entering Boolean Data</title>
<para>
A boolean can be entered by selecting the cell, typing the
boolean (either TRUE or FALSE) and then typing the
<keysym>Enter</keysym> key.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="sect-data-entry-formulas">
<title>Entering Formulas</title>
<para>
Formulas can be entered simply by typing a syntactically correct
formula in a cell. The correct syntax for formulas is explained
in detail in <xref linkend="sect-data-formulas" />. Formulas
begin with an equals sign (=) and contain arithmetic symbols,
functions with their arguments and cell references.
</para>
<para>
To enter a formula, first the cell must be selected, then the
correct formula must be typed, and finally the
<keysym>Enter</keysym> key must be typed.
</para>
<warning>
<para>
If the formula entered into
<application>Gnumeric</application> cannot be interpreted
correctly, <application>Gnumeric</application> will display an
error message giving the user the choice of re-editing the
formula or saving the formula as a text field to be edited
later. For example, a formula may be mathematically incorrect
if the user has two operators in a row (e.g. =3+*4). If the
formula is saved as text, when the formula is corrected the
leading apostrophe must be
removed. <application>Gnumeric</application> will then
re-interpret the entry as a formula.
</para>
</warning>
<sect3 id="sect-data-entry-formulas-shortcuts-references">
<title>Shortcuts for including cell references and ranges in formulas
</title>
<para>
Formulas often include cell references or references to ranges
of cells as arguments to functions. These references and
ranges can be entered into a formula simply by typing in the
proper syntax (see <xref
linkend="sect-data-formulas-references" /> for more details).
But manually entering in cell ranges is slow and
cumbersome. In order to speed up the entry of these cell
ranges, the mouse and the keyboard arrow keys can be used to
select these cell ranges quickly.
</para>
<para>
When editing a formula, if the cursor is at a point where a
cell reference or range would be appropriate, the reference or
range can be selected using the mouse. If the mouse is used to
click on a cell, the reference of that cell will be entered
into a formula. Alternatively, if the mouse is used to drag a
selection over a range of cells, that cell range will become
part of the formula. The selected range will be highlighted by
a border of moving black dashes, commonly called the "marching
ants" border.
</para>
<figure id="fig-editing-cell-selection">
<title>The highlighted selection</title>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="figures/cell-selected.png"
format="PNG" />
</imageobject>
</mediaobject>
</figure>
<procedure>
<title>Using the mouse to enter cell references</title>
<step>
<para>
Begin entering a formula as you would normally. Stop at the
point where a cell reference is appropriate. For example,
example, type <userinput>=exp(</userinput>
</para>
</step>
<step>
<para>
Click on the cell you want to reference. Its reference will
be entered into the formula.
</para>
</step>
<step>
<para>
To finish the formula, just type in the closing
parenthesis. This will also "unselect" the region.
</para>
</step>
</procedure>
<para>The mouse can be used to select a single cell, a continuous
range of cells or several disjoint ranges of cells just like
regular selections. </para>
<para>If entering lots of formulas or even just entering a few
formulas, it is often quickest to use the keyboard to select cells
and ranges of cells for use in formulas. Just as reaching a input
point allows the user to select cells with the mouse, it is
possible to use the keyboard to select cells. Just use the cursor
keys and selection modifiers to create a selection.</para>
<procedure>
<title>Using the keyboard to enter cell references</title>
<step>
<para>
Select a cell to enter a formula into. For example A1.
</para>
</step>
<step>
<para>Enter a formula, but stop the cursor at a point
where a cell reference is appropriate. For this example,
=SUM(
</para>
</step>
<step>
<para>
Move the selection around with the cursor keys. Move the
selection cursor to cell B1 to start the selection.
</para>
</step>
<step>
<para>
Hold down <keycap>Shift</keycap> and move the selection one
cell over and one cell down. Cells B1,B2,C1,C2 should now be
selected and the formula should show =sum(B1:C2
</para>
</step>
<step>
<para>
To finish the function, close the parenthesis. The cell should
now show =sum(B1:C2). Press enter and the formula is entered.
</para>
</step>
</procedure>
<para>To select a range of cell, hold <keycap>Shift</keycap> and
move over the desired area.</para>
<para>To stop entering a selection or to start over, press
<keycombo><keycap>Shift</keycap>
<keycap>Backspace</keycap></keycombo></para>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="sect-data-entry-formulas-list">
<title>Entering formulas using the function list</title>
<para>
</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="sect-data-entry-formulas-guru">
<title>Entering formulas using the formula guru</title>
<para>
</para>
</sect3>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="sect-data-entry-errors">
<title>Entering Errors</title>
<para>
Errors are almost never entered directly into a spreadsheet but
usually arise from problems which
<application>Gnumeric</application> encounters during
calculations. A list of errors with their meanings is presented
in <xref linkend="sect-data-errors" />.
</para>
<para>
In an unusual case where it is needed, an error can be entered
by hand like the entry of other elements. First the cell must be
selected, then the error must be entered (e.g. #DIV/0!) and
finally the <keysym>Enter</keysym> key must be pressed.
</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>