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00919_Field_919.txt
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1997-05-26
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Background Information
Heat is a form of energy that
is produced by moving tiny
units of matter called atoms.
Temperature is a measure of how fast the atoms are moving. Higher temperatures indicate faster-moving atoms, while lower temperatures indicate
slower-moving atoms.
Heating a substance raises
its temperature. But if you
apply the same amount of
heat to different substances, they will have
different temperatures. This
is because every substance has its own
specific heat capacity,
which is a measure of how
hot the substance will get
when heated a particular
amount. Substances such
as wax have a lower specific heat capacity than
substances such as water.
Heat energy can also
change a substance from a
solid into a liquid or a liquid
into a gas. Applying heat
causing the atoms in the
substance to vibrate more
quickly. At a temperature
called the melting point, the
atoms in the substance
vibrate enough so that solid
material becomes liquid. At
a temperature called the
boiling point, the liquid turns into a gas. Different
substances have different
melting points and boiling
points.