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Domains
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1990-01-08
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NAME
UULIB:Domain
SYNOPSIS
-
DESCRIPTION
The UULIB:Domain file holds routing information for addresses
you send USENET mail to. This file is normally required ONLY if
your machine can talk to MORE THAN ONE USENET host.
For machines that can talk to ONLY ONE USENET host, you need
only set the 'DefaultNode' entry in UULIB:Config to the name
of the one host.
A domain is something like 'CTS.COM' or 'BERKELEY.EDU'. Lets
say you have direct USENET connections to UCBVAX.Berkeley.EDU and
FUBAR.CTS.COM.
Now, you want to send an email message to CHARLIE.Berkeley.EDU
and another email message to GALAXY.CTS.COM ... obviously you will
want the first message to be routed through UCBVAX and the second
routed through FUBAR. The appropriate domain entries would be:
*.berkeley.edu MF UU ucbvax.UUCP
*.cts.com MF UU fubar.UUCP
You will also want a default of some sort ... say you send mail
to PHOTON.CSNET, you want unknown domains to be routed to somewhere
that knows how to deal with them. So you would also have another
entry in UULIB:Domain:
* MF UU ucbvax.UUCP
That specifies the machine to route mail through to reach an
unknown address.
*** NOTE *** UUCP sites that you directly connect to need not be listed
in UULIB:Domain, the UULIB:L.Sys file is automatically scanned for such
sites. For said machines any additional domain information is ignored
(such as .UUCP). In case the name of an immediately adjacent UUCP site
conflicts with another site you can enter that other site into the domain
list explicitly using the MD Type described below.
FORMAT OF DOMAIN FILE
Each line in the domain file may be blank, contain a '#' and then
a comment, or contain a domain record. Each domain record is broken
up into four fields:
Domain Type Class Address-Info
Domain = domain in question, you may use '*' instead of a domain
name to match ONE OR MORE SUBDOMAINS or the machine name.
Case is ignored.
For example: *.COM
*.Berkeley.EDU
*
Type = MF or MD. MF stands for mail forwarder, MD stands for
mail destination. The difference can be shown with an
example:
ucbvax.berkeley.edu MD UU ucbvax.UUCP
*.berkeley.edu MF UU ucbvax.UUCP
In the first case the domain is actually a complete machine
name which we can directly talk to, thus MD is used telling
the mail system that we REPLACE the address with this address.
In the second case the machine is what we must go THROUGH to
reach machines with the given domain (note that more explicitly
specified domains always have priority of less explicitly
specified domains). The mail system will PREPEND the address
field with the forwarding machine address.
Class = UU
Currently only UU, meaning USENET class, is supported. This
field is reserved to allow specification of different types
of low level mailers so the mail system is not necessarily
limited to using the USENET as the transport layer.
AddrInfo
for the UU class AddrInfo contains a ! separated UUCP path
where the first machine MUST be an immediately adjacent node.
The remainder of the path is tagged onto the rmail line along
with the original path specification.
NOTE: For any machine in the bang (!) path of the AddrInfo
field which is directly connected to the previous machine
(the first machine is always directly connected to your
machine), the domain is optional. That is, the machine may
be listed with or without a domain separated by dots. The
examples below show parts of paths both with and without
domain names.
when you route through the INTERNET, however, you must be
more careful. Only known USENET paths may be addressed
without worrying about the domain part of the machine name.
REGISTERED DOMAINS
We will eventually have our own domain that is registered with the
network community. When this occurs we will probably set up an
automated system that keeps everybody's UULIB:Domain file consistant.
Each UULIB:Domain file will then have an entry for all machines in
our domain. Thus, while UULIB:Domain is not being used so much at
the moment I expect it will be used in a major way in the future.
ADDRESSES IN A SMALL ISOLATED NETWORK
Using the UULIB:Domain file in local networks drastically
simplifies most other parts of the UUCP mail system. The
greatest advantage of using a Domain file is that you can
refer to machines in your local net by name rather than by
path and can refer to them by name in any groups you might
have constructed in UULIB:Aliases. you can also use the Domain
file to re-route email to machines that may have moved to
somewhere else in your local network (say a buddy moves back
east) without bouncing the email. Which we can't do anyway yet..
automatic bouncing will be in a future release.
Lets say you have a group of people all running UUCP connected
like this:
d
/ f
/ /
a---b---c---h
/ \ \
/ \ g
x e
If your machine is b.UUCP and you want to email to user@h.UUCP,
then the appropriate path is:
To: c!h!user
If your machine is d.UUCP and you want to email to g.UUCP,
then the appropriate path is:
To: b!c!g!user
There is another alternative. You can setup your UULIB:Domain
file with all of these paths and just say:
To: user@g.UUCP
The Domain file would be different for each node but you have
removed the complexity one step. The Domain file for a.UUCP
would look like this:
* MF UU b.UUCP
This assumes that b.UUCP also implements Domains. The Domain
file for b.UUCP would look like this:
* MF UU c.UUCP
x.UUCP MF UU a.UUCP
Because, apart from x.UUCP, the only nodes b.UUCP cannot reach
directly are reachable via c.UUCP.
The Domain file for c.UUCP would be:
* MF UU b.UUCP
Because the only nodes c.UUCP cannot reach go through b.UUCP,
so we set the default route for unknown nodes to go through
b.UUCP. Here we assume that b.UUCP uses UULIB:Domains as
well and knows how to get to x.UUCP which is not immediately
adjacent to it.
The Domain file for c.UUCP assuming the b.UUCP does NOT use
a Domains file (which is safest actually) is:
* MF UU b.UUCP
x.UUCP MF UU b.UUCP!a.UUCP
Alternately you can use MD (mail destination):
* MF UU b.UUCP
x.UUCP MD UU b.UUCP!a.UUCP!x.UUCP
ADDRESSES IN A SMALL NETWORK WITH A SINGLE CONNECTION TO THE OUTSIDE WORLD:
d
/ f
/ /
a---b---c---h---ucbvax.berkeley.edu
/ \ \
/ \ g
x e
This is another possible configuration... one person in your
little Amiga network has a connection to the outside world.
In this case everyone in your network should have UULIB:Domain
entries to properly route email back and forth. Specifically, if
you are giving somebody your email address and your machine is
x.UUCP, you want to be able to give them:
ucbvax.berkeley.edu!h!x!user
As your address rather than
ucbvax.berkeley.edu!h!c!b!a!x!user
In otherwords, you want to HIDE your local network from the
outside world. This would require h.UUCP to have the
following UULIB:Domain file:
* MF UU ucbvax.berkeley.edu
a.UUCP MF UU c!b
b.UUCP MF UU c
d.UUCP MF UU c!b
e.UUCP MF UU c!b
f.UUCP MF UU c
g.UUCP MF UU c
x.UUCP MF UU c!b!a
Each of the other nodes in the network would have a similar
Domain file. Note that when you have a connection to the
outside world the default, '*', should point to the outside
world. The '*' entry for a.UUCP, for example, would be:
* MF UU b!c!h!ucbvax
If everyone in your local net implemented '*' properly it
would suffice to redirect '*' to, say, just b.UUCP, and b.UUCP
would direct it to c.UUCP, etc... The cleanest way to deal
with it is actually to redirect it to the last node in your
local net that talks to the outside world:
* MF UU b!c!h
This allows the sysop at h.UUCP the latitude to do further
routing. For example, what if h.UUCP was able to connect to
two machines on the outside world!
ucbvax.berkeley.edu
/
----h
\
pacbell.pacbell.com
In this case you want to give h.UUCP the latitude to redirect
email to the .pacbell.com domain to pacbell.pacbell.com
instead of going the long path through ucbvax.berkeley.edu ...
* MF UU ucbvax
*.PacBell.COM MF UU pacbell
Thus, all the other nodes in your local network should direct
unknown addresses through h.UUCP rather than bypass h.UUCP's
domain system by giving an explicit route through it.