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$Unique_ID{PAR00057}
$Pretitle{}
$Title{Medical Advice: Diarrhea in Young Children}
$Subtitle{}
$Author{
Editors of Consumer Guide
Chasnoff, Ira J}
$Subject{Diarrhea Loose watery stools Mucus Red blood flecks Cramps
Fever appetite weight loss vomiting dehydration electrolyte solutions
antidiarrhetics antidiarrheal medications improperly prepared
refrigerated formulas formula digestive tract infections respiratory viruses
intestinal virus bacteria parasites food allergy foods allergies}
$Log{}
Your Child: A Medical Guide
Diarrhea in Young Children
Quick Reference
SYMPTOMS
- Loose, watery stools
- Mucus in stools
- Red blood flecks in stools
- Cramps
- Fever
- Loss of appetite
- Weight loss
HOME CARE
- If the child is also vomiting, treat the vomiting first. Restrict the
child's diet to clear liquids only. When vomiting has stopped, treat
diarrhea. Stop all foods with roughage, including vegetables and most
fruits (bananas and apples are all right). Do not give milk.
- Stop any foods and beverages that have recently been added to the
child's diet. Such additions sometimes cause diarrhea in infants.
- To avoid dehydration (serious loss of body fluids), give the child
plenty of clear liquids--tea, flavored gelatin water, and commercial
electrolyte solutions (available from your pharmacist) are best.
- Continue treating diarrhea until the child has no stools or normal
stools for 24 to 48 hours.
PRECAUTIONS
- Do not give antidiarrheal medications to infants and children.
- Diarrhea and vomiting can cause dehydration. Be alert for the symptoms
of dehydration: infrequent or decreased urination, sunken eyes,
drowsiness, rapid or slow breathing, sunken soft spot at the top of an
infant's head, dryness in the mouth, rigidity of the skin when pinched
gently. Dehydration can be especially serious in infants and children
under the age of five.
- In infants, dehydration can occur as rapidly as 12 to 24 hours after
the start of diarrhea or vomiting.
- If an infant or young child shows any symptoms of dehydration, call
your doctor.
- Solid foods aggravate diarrhea. If the child is drinking plenty of
liquids, solid foods can be avoided for several days without any danger
to the child's health.
- Improperly prepared and improperly refrigerated formulas commonly cause
serious diarrhea in infants. Be careful when normal refrigeration and
cooking facilities are not available (picnics, camping, traveling).
- Many antibiotics cause diarrhea in some infants. Ask your doctor if
such a medication may be causing diarrhea in your child. (However, do
not discontinue giving an antibiotic without your doctor's permission.)
SYMPTOMS OF DEHYDRATION
Infrequent urinating
Smaller amounts of urine
Sunken eyes
Drowsiness
Rapid or slow breathing
Sunken soft spot in infant's skull
Dryness in mouth
Skin rigid when pinched gently
Diarrhea is a condition in which the stools are loose and watery.
Diarrhea is judged by the looseness of the stools, not by the frequency of
bowel movements. (Having frequent bowel movements with stools of normal
consistency is not considered diarrhea.) Any bowel movement that is partially
or completely runny is diarrhea. The frequency and amount of loose stools
indicate how severe the diarrhea is.
Diarrhea in infants and young children (under the age of five) is
potentially dangerous. Diarrhea can lead to dehydration (a serious loss of
body fluids). The younger the child, the greater the possibility of
dehydration.
Common causes of diarrhea in infants are infections of the digestive
tract and reactions to certain foods and drugs. In infants, infections may be
caused by respiratory viruses, intestinal viruses, bacteria, and parasites.
Some foods tend to cause diarrhea in most infants (corn kernels and large
quantities of prunes, for example). Other foods may cause diarrhea in some
infants but not in others. Individual children react differently to specific
foods, and some infants are allergic to certain foods. Many antibiotics may
cause diarrhea in infants.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
The looseness of the stools is the major symptom. The relatively fluid,
watery stools often contain mucus and sometimes flecks of red blood. A child
with diarrhea may have cramps and sometimes fever, loss of appetite, vomiting,
and weight loss. There may be as few as one or as many as 20 loose bowel
movements a day. However, if having only one or two loose bowel movements is
followed by a return to normal, the diarrhea is probably not serious.
In looking for the cause of diarrhea, consider whether a new food has
recently been added to the child's diet and whether the child has recently
been given antibiotics. If other children in your family are ill, your infant
may be suffering from the same illness.
HOME CARE
If an infant or young child has both diarrhea and vomiting, treat the
vomiting first, by restricting the child's diet to clear liquids only. When
the vomiting has stopped, treat the diarrhea. Eliminate all newly introduced
foods and beverages, eliminate foods with roughage, including all vegetables
and fruits (except bananas and apples). Do not give the child milk. Do not
discontinue use of antibiotics unless authorized by your doctor. Encourage
the child to drink clear liquids to ward off dehydration--tea, flavored
gelatin water, and commercial electrolyte solutions (available from your
pharmacist) are best. Continue treatment for diarrhea until the child has had
no stools or normal stools for 24 to 48 hours.
PRECAUTIONS
- Do not give antidiarrheal medications to infants. These are of no use
and can cause severe problems.
- Solid foods aggravate diarrhea and can be avoided for many days without
any danger to the child's general health. It is most important that the
child drink plenty of liquids.
- Watch for symptoms of dehydration (infrequent urination, dryness in the
mouth, sunken eyes, drowsiness, rapid or slow breathing, sunken soft spot
on the top of an infant's head). If any symptoms of dehydration appear,
call your doctor.
- Improperly prepared and improperly refrigerated formulas are a common
cause of serious diarrhea in infants. Be especially careful when normal
refrigeration and cooking facilities are not available (picnics, camping,
traveling).
MEDICAL TREATMENT
If there are signs of dehydration, your doctor will determine the degree
of seriousness. (The loss of 5 percent of a baby's weight indicates serious
dehydration.) Stools may be cultured for bacteria. If necessary, your child
may be placed in the hospital to be given intravenous fluids or to determine
if the intestines are functioning properly.
RELATED TOPICS: Botulism; Constipation; Dehydration; Diarrhea in older
children; Dysentery; Food allergies; Food poisoning; Gastroenteritis, acute;
Viral infections; Vomiting.