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1993-06-14
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$Unique_ID{PAR00075}
$Pretitle{}
$Title{Medical Advice: Food Allergies}
$Subtitle{}
$Author{
Editors of Consumer Guide
Chasnoff, Ira J}
$Subject{Food Allergies Abdominal cramps Vomiting Diarrhea Bloody stool Blood
Hives Eczema Runny nose Asthma deficient digestive enzyme deficiency enzymes
deficiencies malabsorption syndrome allergic reaction foods diet dietary
allergy reactions Nonpasteurized cow's milk eggs wheat soybean formulas orange
juice tomatoes chocolate fish berries melons celiac disease gluten digestion
cystic fibrosis sweat test}
$Log{}
Your Child: A Medical Guide
Food Allergies
Quick Reference
SYMPTOMS
- Abdominal cramps
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Blood in stool
- Hives
- Eczema
- Runny nose
- Asthma
HOME CARE
- Introduce new foods slowly, one at a time.
- If you suspect that an unfamiliar food is causing stomach cramps,
diarrhea, or vomiting, withdraw that food from your child's diet. If a
child continues to have symptoms, or seems generally unwell, call your
doctor.
PRECAUTIONS
- An enzyme deficiency can cause a malabsorption syndrome, with symptoms
similar to those of a food allergy. A child who is generally not doing
well should be seen by a doctor.
- Persistent diarrhea may indicate an allergic reaction or a
malabsorption problem.
- When you introduce new foods into a child's diet, watch for reactions
that may indicate an allergy or other problem.
A food allergy is an unusual reaction or sensitivity to a specific food
or beverage. Food allergies are more likely to occur in infants than in older
children. Symptoms include vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal cramps, which
may occur from minutes to hours after the child has consumed certain foods or
beverages. Nonpasteurized cow's milk is the most common cause of food
allergy, but eggs, wheat, soybean formulas, orange juice, tomatoes, chocolate,
fish, berries, and melons may also be responsible.
A malabsorption syndrome, which occurs when the digestive system lacks
certain natural chemicals to digest food, may produce symptoms similar to
those of a food allergy. Normally, the body produces natural chemicals called
enzymes that break down starches, fats, proteins, and sugars into forms that
the body can use. In a malabsorption syndrome an enzyme is missing, which
means that the child cannot digest certain foods. For example, a condition
called celiac disease interferes with the digestion of gluten (a starch found
in wheat and rye), and the disease cystic fibrosis hampers the digestion of
fats and proteins.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
Hives, eczema, runny nose, and asthma may all be signs of food allergy.
Sometimes blood appears in the baby's stools. If a particular food brings on
abdominal cramps and diarrhea (with or without vomiting), a food allergy can
be suspected. By changing the diet and observing your child's reactions, you
may be able to identify the problem. Often, however, specific and complex
tests are required to diagnose a food allergy. If the child does not seem to
tolerate several kinds of foods and is not doing well generally, the cause may
be a malabsorption syndrome.
HOME CARE
If your infant vomits or has cramps or diarrhea after the introduction of
a new food into his diet, withdraw the food promptly. This does not
necessarily indicate a food allergy, but you should wait (two to four weeks)
before reintroducing the food. Add new foods to the child's diet one at a
time, and allow several days between each introduction so that you can be sure
that no problems are occurring.
PRECAUTIONS
- Persistent diarrhea is a clue to a malabsorption syndrome or an allergic
problem.
- If diarrhea persists, ask your doctor if you should temporarily remove
milk and milk products from the child's diet and substitute clear
liquids.
- Symptoms of malabsorption call for a sweat test to rule out cystic
fibrosis.
MEDICAL TREATMENT
The doctor diagnoses a food allergy or malabsorption syndrome on the
basis of the following: changes in the child's diet; culture and examination
of stools for blood, fat, and starch; analysis of digestive enzymes; biopsy of
the intestinal lining; sugar tolerance tests; sweat test; chest x-ray
examination; and other factors. Treatment involves a controlled diet,
sometimes including digestive enzyme supplements.
RELATED TOPICS: Asthma; Cystic fibrosis; Diarrhea in young children; Eczema;
Gastroenteritis, acute; G6PD deficiency; Hives