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- Atoms are the fundamental building
- blocks of all things in the universe.
- The earth, the air you breathe,
- this computer, you, and everything
- else is made of small, invisible
- atoms.
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- There are 103 varieties of atoms.
- Each different kind of atom has its
- own name.
- Some atoms have names that are
- familiar, like NICKEL, OXYGEN, IRON,
- and KRYPTON. (Superman's home plan-
- et is named after the KRYPTON atom).
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-
- Some atoms have more unusual
- names. Have you ever heard of
- XENON, YTTRIUM, or maybe CHROMIUM?
- (Chromium is the stuff that makes
- automobile bumpers shine).
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-
- Atoms are very, very small.
- A thimble full of air contains
- about 12,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
- atoms. That "empty" thimble is full!
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- The center of the atom contains a
- nucleus made of protons and neutrons.
- Electrons travel around the nucleus.
- The number of protons in an atom lets
- us know what kind it is. A carbon atom
- has 6 electrons that circle around 6
- protons packed in its nucleus, like the
- atom pictured above.
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- The hydrogen atom (H), the smallest
- atom, has 1 electron and 1 proton. The
- largest named atom is Lawrencium (Lr),
- with 103 protons. Other elements
- larger than this have recently been
- discovered, but are as yet unnamed.
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-
- We will draw atoms as circles even
- though they have a much more complicated
- structure. Here are two atoms, (Cl for
- chlorine) and sodium (Na). Yes, strange
- as it may seem "Na" is short for sodium.
- Chlorine is a poisonous gas used to
- make laundry bleach. The odor of bleach
- is from the chlorine.
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- Sodium is a metal that explodes when
- placed in water.
- It turns out that sodium and chlor-
- ine atoms can be combined. Try connect-
- ing the two atoms by moving the sodium
- atom. (Use the right cursor to move it
- manually or hit ENTER for auto-connect).
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