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1980-01-01
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THE ARROWSOFT ASSEMBLER
Public Domain Version 1.00D
User's Guide
The Arrowsoft Assembler Program and Manual are both
Copyright (C) 1986 by Arrowsoft Systems, Inc.
554 West Sixth Avenue
Larkview, MO 66069
Arrowsoft Assembler v1.00 User's Guide
INTRODUCTION
Thank you for trying out the public domain version of our
Arrowsoft Assembler. We feel that the best way to alert you, the
programmer, to our fine line of professional products is to let
you use one. Once you have experienced the high quality and ease
of use of this free product, we hope that you will contact us
regarding our other software (our address is on the cover of this
manual).
You will no doubt notice that this manual is not exhaustive; in
fact, it includes the least amount of information we felt we
could include without robbing the program of its usefulness.
There are two reasons for the brevity of this manual: First, we
have targeted professional software developers with our products,
and we suspect that an experienced professional will have no
trouble figuring out how to use the Arrowsoft Assembler with the
information given; second, the program is, after all, free and we
feel that the quality of this assembler will more that compensate
you for the time you spend learning to use it.
Please note that this is NOT a supported product. If you contact
us, we will be happy to discuss our line of software but we will
NOT answer questions about the Arrowsoft Assembler.
Again, we thank you for giving our product a try.
(NOTE: 'Microsoft' and 'Microsoft Macro Assembler' are trademarks
of Microsoft Corporation. 'Arrowsoft', 'Arrowsoft Professional
Assembler' and 'Super Link' are trademarks of Arrowsoft Systems,
Inc.)
OVERVIEW
The Arrowsoft Assembler takes as its input 8086, 8088, 80186 and
80286 assembly language source files and produces relocatable
object modules which may be linked and run under the MS-DOS and
PC-DOS operating systems. The syntax of the input files is a
superset of that accepted by the Microsoft Macro Assembler
(versions 3.0 and later). In fact, most programs written for the
Microsoft product should assemble without modification with the
Arrowsoft Assembler.
The remaining sections of this manual will cover, in this order,
assembler command line options, input language specifications,
linking and execution of assembled object modules, and assembler
error messages.
INVOKING THE ARROWSOFT ASSEMBLER
You may run the Arrowsoft Assembler interactively or directly
from the DOS command line. To invoke the assembler
interactively, simply type
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Arrowsoft Assembler v1.00 User's Guide
asm
at the DOS prompt and follow the ensuing instructions. To run
the assembler non-interactively, use the following syntax:
asm source [,object] [,list] [,xref] [options] [;]
where 'source' is a filespec for the source file (default
extension .ASM), 'object' is a filespec for the object file
(default extension .OBJ), 'list' is a filespec for the listing
file (default extension .LST) and 'xref' is a filespec for the
cross-reference file (default extension .CRF). Note that all
filespecs may consist of a drive letter, a pathname, a filename
and an extension. If the object file is not specified, the
assembler will use the source filename with the .OBJ extension.
If the list and cross-reference files are not specified, the
assembler will not produce them. Finally, the semicolon (;) will
force the assembler to assume default values for any unspecified
parameters.
OPTION CODES
The options list consists of a sequence of option codes. These
option codes consist of a slash (/) or dash (-) followed by one
or more letters, case being insignificant. Most of these options
are compatible with Microsoft conventions.
/A Write segments in alphabetical order
/Bnumber Set buffer size
/Dsymbol Define assembler symbol
/E Generate 8087/80287 emulator code
/Ipath Set 'include' search path
/ML Case sensitive internal labels
/MX Case sensitive external and public labels
/MU Convert labels to uppercase
/R Generate 8087/80287 floating point code
/S Write segments in source code order
/X Include false conditionals in listing
/Z Display error lines on screen
Many of these command line options are self explanatory; for
whose which aren't, see the descriptions below:
/B Set Buffer Size
Sets the size of the buffer used to hold the source file during
assembly. The 'number' is the number of 1K pages reserved for
use as a buffer. You may set the buffer size to any value
between 1K and 63K; default buffer size is 32K. Note that a
larger buffer can speed assembly of large files considerably.
/E Generate 8087/80287 Emulator Code
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Arrowsoft Assembler v1.00 User's Guide
If you are writing programs for use with the 8087/80287 numeric
processor on a machine which does not have the processor, and you
have an 8087/80287 emulator library available, the /E option
directs the assembler to generate code for the emulator.
/I Set 'include' file search paths
You may direct the assembler to search up to 5 directories for
'include' files by including a '/Ipath' command for EACH of
them. For example, to set the search paths '\bin\lib' and
'\asm\lib', include the following in your options list:
/I\bin\lib/I\asm\lib.
/R
This option directs the assembler to generate floating point code
for the 8087/80287 numeric processor. Note that programs
assembled with the '/R' option will run ONLY on machines which
have an 8087/80287 installed.
ARROWSOFT ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE
As we mentioned earlier, the Arrowsoft Assembly Language is a
superset of the well-known Microsoft Macro Assembler Language. We
modeled our system after Microsoft's for two reasons: First, the
language has a flexible and moderately powerful macro facility;
second, and for this public domain project most important, there
is a plethora of third-party books which explain how to program
using the Microsoft product. We recommend that you purchase one
of these guides if you are not familiar with 8086 assembly
language. If you would like to take advantage of the many
extensions to the Microsoft Language we have implemented in the
Arrowsoft Assembler, you must do one of two things: Try to figure
them out for yourself (using experimentation, disassembly or
anything else you can think of); or you can contact us about
purchasing the Arrowsoft Professional Assembler, which includes
the complete documentation. Again, please DO NOT CALL us about
the Arrowsoft Assembler; we will not answer any questions or
provide clues as to how to access the assembler's advanced
features.
LINKING AND EXECUTING ARROWSOFT OBJECT MODULES
The Arrowsoft Assembler produces relocatable object modules which
are compatible with the Microsoft 8086 Object Linker (versions
3.0 and later). This means that programs assembled by the
Arrowsoft Assembler may be linked with other Microsoft
Linker-compatible programs generated by other assemblers and
compilers. If you need more information on how to use the
Microsoft 8086 Object Linker, see your DOS or Microsoft language
manual.
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Arrowsoft Assembler v1.00 User's Guide
By the way, we would like you to know about Arrowsofts Super Link
8086/8086 Object Link Utility. Super Link is a full-service
overlaying linker which is fully compatible with the Microsoft
8086 Object Linker, yet much faster and far more versatile.
Contact us at the address on the cover of this manual for more
information.
ASSEMBLER ERROR MESSAGES
An Arrowsoft Assembler error report consists of three parts: A
source file line number, an error number and a terse error
description. In most cases, the error messages, in spite of
their brevity, are self explanatory. However, for those few
messages which require addtional elaboration, we offer the
following explanations:
2 Internal error
This message will appear only if an error occurred within the
assembler itself. If you see this message, please send an
assembly listing of the source file and any other relevant
information (DOS version, assembler version, etc.) to the address
on the cover of this manual.
68 Can't reach with segment reg
You have not issued the appropriate ASSUME directive.
99 Line too long expanding <symbol>
Expanding an EQU-defined symbol would result in a line too long
for the assembler to handle. Check for inadvertent recursion in
the symbol.
Out of Memory
Either the source file exceeds the 64K limit of the assembler or
the symbol table exceeds its allocation. If this condition
occurs, try assembling without creating list or cross-reference
files. If this doesn't work, try dividing your source code into
several smaller source files and assembling them separately. The
resulting code may then be linked with a link utility. (Again,
we can't resist pointing out that the Arrowsoft Professional
Assembler uses ALL available memory for the assembly process; in
fact, it will assemble a file of arbitrary size, regardless of
memory limitations.)
Internal Error
See the explanation for error number 2 above.
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Arrowsoft Assembler v1.00 User's Guide
THE ARROWSOFT PROFESSIONAL ASSEMBLER
Our real reason for giving you this program free of charge is to
encourage you to purchase our commercial product, the Arrowsoft
Professional Assembler. The program you have now differs from the
full program in only three respects: (1) It includes no
documentation for those language features which extend the
Microsoft Macro Assembly Language (although they are implemented
by the public domain version); (2) the maximum input file size is
limited to 64K bytes; and (3) it is not supported via our 24 hour
toll-free help line (in fact, it is not supported at all by us).
With these 3 exceptions, the program you now have is identical to
the Professional Assembler.
If you decide you'd like to purchase the Arrowsoft Professional
Assembler, send a postcard requesting our catalog to the address
on the cover of this manual. Our catalog will show you our
entire line of professional software development products and
will convince you that our quality and prices are as competitive
as you will find anywhere.
CONCLUDING REMARKS AND CREDITS
Again, we would like to thank you for trying our product. We
hope that the remarks we've made concerning our programming
products (Arrowsoft Professional Assembler and Super Link 8086
Object Linker) have piqued your curiosity enough that you'll
write to us for more information. Further, we hope that actually
using one of our products has convinced you of our dedication to
quality and performance. Finally, we hope to welcome you to our
growing family of satisfied customers.
Even if you don't buy anything from us, you can do us a favor.
We want you to distribute this product to all of your friends by
any means possible. You may post it to bulletin boards, offer it
through your computer club or just copy it and pass it around.
We only ask that (1) you charge nothing for the software beyond
reasonable copying and disk costs and (2) that you distribute the
two files (ASM.EXE and ASM.DOC) together and without
modification.
The Arrowsoft Assembler was written by Kaplan 'Kap' Morovitz and
tested by the programming staff at Arrowsoft. Since 'Kap' writes
only in assembly language and C, this manual was written by Stan
Goldwyn-Benton.
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