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Newsgroups: comp.mail.misc,news.answers
Path: senator-bedfellow.mit.edu!bloom-beacon.mit.edu!usc!cs.utexas.edu!uunet!psinntp!newstand.syr.edu!arachnids.syr.edu!jmwobus
From: jmwobus@mailbox.syr.edu (John Wobus)
Subject: LAN Mail Protocols Summary
Message-ID: <1993Nov4.081447.18969@newstand.syr.edu>
Followup-To: poster
Originator: jmwobus@arachnids.syr.edu
Reply-To: jmwobus@mailbox.syr.edu
Organization: Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY
Date: Thu, 4 Nov 93 08:14:47 EST
Approved: jmwobus@mailbox.syr.edu
Lines: 301
Xref: senator-bedfellow.mit.edu comp.mail.misc:14782 news.answers:14290
Archive-name: LANs/mail-protocols
Serving PCs and Workstations Using a Central Mail Server on an Internet
------- --- --- ------------ ----- - ------- ---- ------ -- -- --------
(Note: this message is prepared by John Wobus of Syracuse University,
jmwobus@mailbox.syr.edu who welcomes updates and corrections; this
memo has not been checked very carefully and requires a lot of
correction at this time. The last update was made 11/2/93).
There are advantages to collecting mail destined to PCs and
workstations on a central server, to be turned over to the PC or
workstation on demand:
- Your PC or workstation may be down quite a bit and less network
bandwidth and less of the processing resouces of the sending computer
are used if the computer receiving your mail is ready.
- Some people use more than one PC or workstation to read mail.
- A PC or workstation may not have the resources to store all the mail
you receive.
- It can make your e-mail address more like other users'.
The easiest way to "implement" this is to run the central mail server
like any multi-user system: let people sign on to it and use some mail
utility. Then PC and workstation users can use "terminal sessions" to
sign on to the central mail server and read their mail. This has the
disadvantage of making the PC and workstation users learn and use the
central mail server's procedures.
SMTP, the "internet" mail protocol used to deliver mail between
multi-user systems only supports mail transfer initiated by the
sender. Other protocols have been devised to allow a workstation or PC
to request transfer of mail, thus able to make use of a cnetral
server. These include the published protocols POP (probably not used
anymore), POP2, POP3, IMAP2, IMAP3 and DMSP.
POP, POP2, POP3: These are rather minimal and are designed to be so.
The three are similar but not enough alike to be interoperable. They
are basically designed to identify the user by username and password,
to transfer the mail from server to PC or workstation and to delete the
mail transferred. It is assumed that SMTP will be used to send mail.
Messages can be retrieved individually, but the only information you
can get about a message without transferring it is its length in
bytes-- useful for PCs with limited storage.
POP2 and POP3 are still used a good deal. POP3 has a couple of
optional extensions: one to avoid sending passwords, and one to aid in
reading bulletin boards.
IMAP2, IMAP3: The IMAP family is similar to the POP family, but also
gives clients a way to do string searches through mail that still
resides on the server. This is designed to allow the PC or workstation
to be more selective as to which mail will be transferred. The POP
protocols, on the other hand, are designed for simpler server
software.
IMAP2 is used quite a bit. IMAP3 is an incompatible offshoot that has
not been implemented much. Recent work not yet documented in an RFC
has extended IMAP2 to include support for multimedia mail.
DMSP (aka PCMAIL): PCs and workstations can use this protocol to both
send and receive mail. The system is designed around the idea that
each user can own more than one workstation; however, the system
doesn't seem to handle the idea of a "public workstation" very well.
The PCs and workstations are assumed to hold state information about
the mail, a directory so to speak, and when the PC or workstation is
connected to the server, this directory is updated to "reality".
Issue of Remote Access: Modern commercial e-mail packages typically
have features designed to assist in remote access of ones e-mail.
Features include:
-ability to download mail through a modem
-ability to synchronize two different systems which you are using to
read your e-mail by plugging them together.
Any method of reading e-mail using PCs or Macintoshes can be used
remotely via the "PCanywhere(tm)" method, e.g. by dialing up your own
office PC and using one of the several kinds of software that allow you
to control your PC over the phone. Also, any LAN-based method can be
used by using one of the several methods of providing the same protocol
support over dialup lines as are on LANs (SLIP or PPP for the
above-mentioned, TCP/IP-based protocols, ARA for Appletalk-based
protocols, etc, and sometimes using two different protocols, one
incapsulated in the other) under the constraint that any operations
that use the network will be much slower. Also, POP3 is often used
directly over modems (for example, Eudora can be used in this manner).
The ideal protocol for remote access would not penalize the user for
the much slower communications speed (usually slower by a factor of
100: note that a lot of LAN-based software was written without regard
to minimizing the necessary communication, thus is really hurt by such
slow speeds), yet would allow the same software to run both remotely
and locally, with a wonderful user interface. It would also not be
overly expensive in communications equipment or services. This is a
difficult set of objectives and the above-three protocols can achieve
some of them for some users, but what they actually achieve depends a
lot on the user's pattern of e-mail usage. If a user reads just a
small amount of mail, then we would not worry about the length of time
necessary to download it remotely with POP3, but if the person receives
a lot of mail, but just wants to read a small amount of it at home,
then with IMAP2, they could pick and choose what to read, eliminating
some download time. If someone is paying for the telephone line time
(possibly the user if it is a long distance call; in any case, the
institution pays a monthly fee for each line it offers, which is
dependent upon how many users it is serving, how often they call, and
how long their calls are) then IMAP2's natural method of usage which
requires the phone call to remain while a user is reading, poking
around, sending, and rearranging mail can be much more costly than
using POP3 if one call is used to quickly download all the mail and
another later call is used to send any replies. Thus with POP3 a user
might have two 1 minute calls before and after a 30 minute e-mail
session instead of keeping the call for 30 minutes with IMAP2, and each
phone line the institution offers could be serving 15 times as many
such users who would each pay a lot less in long-distance phone bills.
More about the protocols:
Name: Post Office Protocol, Version 2
Nickname: POP2
Document: RFC 937 (Butler et al, February 1985)
TCP-port: 109
Sites:
Name: Post Office Portocol, Version 3
Nickname: POP3
Document: RFC 1460 (Rose, May 1993)
TCP-port: 110 (109 also often used)
Sites: UC Irvine, MIT
Name: Distributed Mail Service Protocol
Nickname: DMSP, Pcmail
Document: RFC 1056 (Lambert, June 1988)
TCP-port: 158
Sites: MIT
Name: Interactive Mail Access Protocol, Version 2
Nickname: IMAP2
Document: RFC 1176 (Crispin, August 1990)
TCP-port: 143
Sites: Stanford, U Washington
Name: Interactive Mail Access Protocol, Version 2 bis
Nickname: IMAP2bis
Document: ?
TCP-port: 143
Sites: U Washington
Name: Interactive Mail Access Protocol, Version 3
Nickname: IMAP3
Document: RFC 1203 (Rice, February 1991)
TCP-port: 220
Sites: Stanford
Implementations:
Prot Computer Implementation End Source
------ ----------- ------------------- ------- --------------------------------
DMSP PC pc-epsilon (3.1) client allspice.lcs.mit.edu
DMSP PC pc-netmail (3.1) client allspice.lcs.mit.edu
DMSP PC pc-reader client allspice.lcs.mit.edu
DMSP Unix Pcmail 3.1 reposit. server allspice.lcs.mit.edu
DMSP Unix/EMACS Pcmail 4.2 client allspice.lcs.mit.edu
DMSP PC PC/TCP client FTP Software
DMSP OS/2 PC/TCP client FTP Software
DMSP OS/2 TCP/2 client Essex Systems
DMSP OS/2 TCP/2 SERVER PACK server Essex Systems
DMSP OS/2 TCP/2 ADV CLIENT client Essex Systems
IMAP2 Macintosh MacMS 2.2.1 client sumex-aim.stanford.edu 10/15/93
IMAP2B Macintosh Mailstrom 1.04 client sumex-aim.stanford.edu 10/19/93
IMAP2B Macintosh Mailstrom 2 (b?) client sumex-aim.stanford.edu 10/19/93
POP2 Macintosh MacPOP 1.5 client trident.arc.nasa.gov
POP2 MS-DOS PC POP 2.1 client trident.arc.nasa.gov
POP3 Macintosh TCP/Connect II client InterCon Systems Corporation
IMAP2 NeXT EasyMail client ftp.cac.washington.edu
IMAP2 NeXT MailManager server ftp.cac.washington.edu
IMAP2 TOPS20 ? server ?
IMAP2 Unix imap kit server ftp.cac.washington.edu
POP23 Unix imap kit server ftp.cac.washington.edu
IMAP2 Unix Pine 3.07 client ftp.cac.washington.edu
POP3 Macintosh Eudora 1.3.1 client ftp.qualcomm.com 11/2/93
POP3 Macintosh Eudora 1.4 client ftp.qualcomm.com 11/2/93
POP3 Macintosh Eudora 1.4.1 (beta) client ftp.qualcomm.com 11/2/93
POP3m Macintosh Eudora 2.0 (in dev) client ?
POP3 MS-WINwf Eudora 1.0.1 client ftp.qualcomm.com 9/21/93
POP3 MS-WINw Eudora 1.4b17 client ftp.qualcomm.com 11/2/93
POP3 MS-WINw Eudora 2.0a14 client ? 11/2/93
IMAP2 Unix ? client ftp.cac.washington.edu
IMAP2 Unix imapd 3.1 server sumex-aim.stanford.edu*
IMAP2 Unix/X ximap 0.7.2 client sumex-aim.stanford.edu
IMAP2 MS-DOSl+ PC-Pine (beta) client pine@cac.washington.edu
IMAP2 Xrx Lsp Mch ? client ?
IMAP2 MS-WIN ECS (beta) client ISA, ftp.srv.ualberta.ca
POP2 Macintosh POPMail II client boombox.micro.umn.edu
POP Macintosh POPMail II 2.09 client boombox? 9/21/93
POP2 Macintosh POPMail II 2.09 client boombox? 9/21/93
POP3 Macintosh POPMail II 2.09 client boombox? 9/21/93
IMAP2 Macintosh POPMail II 2.09 client boombox? 9/21/93
POP2 Macintosh MailStop server boombox.micro.umn.edu
POP2 MS-DOS LifeLine Mail client SunSelect
POP2 MS-DOSk ? server ucsd.edu
POP2 MS-DOSk ? server boombox.micro.umn.edu
POP3 MS-DOSk pop3serv server biochemistry.crwu.edu
POP2 MS-DOS MD/DOS-IP client U Maryland
POP2 MS-DOS PC/TCP client FTP Software
POP2 OS/2 PC/TCP for OS/2 client FTP Software 11/2/93
POP23 MS-DOSp POPmail/PC 3.0 client boombox.micro.umn.edu 11/2/93
POP3 MS-DOS? Minuet (beta) client boombox.micro.unm.edu 11/2/93
IMAP? MS-DOSp POPmail/PC 3.0 client boombox.micro.umn.edu
POP? MS-WINls TCPMail client Pinesoft (pinesoft@net.com)
POP2 Unix POPmail/unix server boombox.micro.umn.edu
POP2 Unix popd (USC-ISI) server trident.arc.nasa.gov
POP2 Unix imapd/ipop2d server ftp.cac.washington.edu
POP23k Unix mh-6.7 (UCI RandMH) both ftp.cc.berkeley.edu
POP? Unix zmail client Z-Code Software (info@z-code.com)
POP23k UnixX xmh/mh client ?
POP23k UnixX dxmail/mh client DEC
POP2 VM FAL server IBM
POP2 VM ? server Texas Tech University
POP2 OS/2 TCP/2 SERVER PACK server Essex Systems
POP2 VMS MULTINet server TGV, Inc.
POP2 HP3000/MPE NetMail/3000 server 3K Associates
POP3k Macintosh Eudora X client ftp.brown.edu
POP3 Macintosh MacPOP (Berkeley) client ftp.cc.berkeley.edu
POP3k Macintosh TechMail 2.0 client net-dist.mit.edu
POP3 Macintosh MacMH client jessica.stanford.edu/info
POP3 Macintosh POPMail II client boombox.micro.umn.edu
POP3 Macintosh MailStop (soon) server UMinn
POP3 Macintosh VersaTerm Link client Synergy Software 10/8/93
POP3 Macintosh LeeMail 2.0.2 (shw) client chs.cusd.claremont.edu 10/12/93
POP3t Unix popper-1.7 server ftp.cc.berkeley.edu 10/15/93
POP3k Unix popper-1.7k server ftp.brown.edu
POP3 Unix popper-1.831 server ?
POP3 Solaris2.X popper-1.831 mod server ftp.uoregon.edu 10/19/93
POP3k Unix mh-6.7 (UCI RandMH) both ics.uci.edu
POP3 Unix imapd/ipop3d server ftp.cac.washington.edu
POP3t MS-DOSnpo PC/TCP client FTP Software
POP3 OS/2 PC/TCP for OS/2 client FTP Software 11/2/93
POP3 MS-DOS TechMail(future) client ?
POP3 MS-DOS ? client logos.ucs.indiana.edu
POP3 MS-DOSp NuPOP 1.03 client ftp.acns.nwu.edu 10/26/93
POP3 MS-DOSp NuPOP 2.00 (beta) client ftp.acns.nwu.edu 9/21/93
POP3 MS-WIN Pceudora client ftp.qualcomm.com 9/24/93
POP3 ? POPgate (Pmail gw) client risc.ua.edu 9/24/93
POP3 MS-DOSl PMPOP (Pmail gw) client risc.ua.edu 10/20/93
POP3x MS-WIN WinQVT (2.1) client QPC Software (shareware)
POP3 MS-WINp wnqvtnet 3.0 client ftp.cica.indiana.edu
POP3 MS-WIN Open Systems Mail client Pine Software
POP3 VMS IUPOP3 (1.7) (1.6?) server logos.ucs.indiana.edu
POP3 VMS MULTINet both TGV, Inc.
POP? VMS PMDF 4.2 server Innosoft
IMAP? VMS PMDF 4.2 server Innosoft
POP3 OS/2 TCP/2 SERVER PACK server Essex Systems
POP3 OS/2 TCP/2 ADV CLIENT client Essex Systems
POP? MS-DOS UCDmail client ucdavis.ucdavis.edu
POP? MS-DOS PC POP client ?Bill Schweickert/Sterling Fed
POP? MS-WINnpo Super-TCP for Wndws client Frontier Technologies 10/26/93
POP? MS-WIN Windows ELM client lister.cc.ic.ac.uk 11/2/93
POP? MS-DOSni ChameleonNFS client NetManage
POP? Macintosh MEWS client ?
POP? Macintosh byupopmail client ?
POP? VM ? server TTUVM1
? Macintosh Hypermail ? ?
------ ----------- ------------------- ------- --------------------------------
Appendix:
Some other packages for desktop systems
------ ----------- ------------------- ------- --------------------------------
uucp Macintosh uAccess peer Intecom [12/17/92]
SMTP Macintosh LeeMail 1.2.4 peer Shareware, laf@mitre.org
SMTP Macintosh LeeMail 2.0.2 (shw) peer chs.cusd.claremont.edu 10/12/93
SMTP MS-DOSni ChameleonNFS peel NetManage
uucp Macintosh FernMail peer Shareware, dplatt@snulbug.mtview.ca.us
prop Macintosh MacPost both ftp.lu.se 10/19/93
uucp Macintosh Eudora 1.3.1 peer ftp.qualcomm.com
uucp Macintosh UUPC peer dplatt@snulbug.mtview.ca.us
uucp Macintosh gnuucp peer jim@fpr.com
uucp MS-DOS waffle peer ?
uucp MS-DOS UUPC peer ?
? MS-Windows Pegasus/Win 1.02 client risc.ua.edu 10/5/93
? MS-DOS Pegasus/DOS 3.01 client risc.ua.edu 10/5/93
? Macintosh Pegasus/Mac 2.04 client risc.ua.edu 10/5/93
SMTP MS-DOS Charon gateway risc.ua.edu 10/15/93
------ ----------- ------------------- ------- --------------------------------
Other issues:
(1) What are the common extensions to POP3 and which clients/servers
support them?
POP3k - Kerberos
POP3a - AFS Kerberos
POP3x - ?
POP3t - xtnd xmit facility--allows client to send mail through additional
POP commands, thus allowing server to verify/log source of mail.
(2) What DOS protocol stacks are supported?
MS-DOSm - Lan Manager
MS-DOSn - NDIS Drivers
MS-DOSl - Lan Workplace for Dos
MS-DOSs - Sun PCNFS
MS-DOSp - Packet Drivers
MS-DOSo - ODI Drivers
MS-DOSi - IPXLink
MS-DOSf - FTP Software PC/TCP
MS-WIN? - similar
MS-WINw - WinSock compliaint
------ ----------- ------------------- ------- --------------------------------