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From jsq@longway.tic.com Sat May 19 15:44:38 1990
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From: <usenix.org!jsh@longway.tic.com>
Newsgroups: comp.std.unix
Subject: Standards Update, IEEE 1003.4: Real-time Extensions
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From: <jsh@usenix.org>
An Update on UNIX*-Related Standards Activities
May 1990
USENIX Standards Watchdog Committee
Jeffrey S. Haemer, Report Editor
IEEE 1003.4: Real-time Extensions
Rick Greer <rick@ism.isc.com> reports on the April 23-27 meeting in
Salt Lake City, UT:
1003.4
The .4 ballots went out on schedule, and most came back on schedule as
well. We (barely) got the required 75% response, of which 43%
approved of the draft as it stood. The small-group leaders are
currently working to resolve the objections and will report back at
Danvers, in July.
1003.4a
Most of the work at Snowbird centered around threads (.4a). Two
alternatives to the pthreads proposal were presented at the meeting:
``strands'', from John Zolnowsky of Sun, defined a minimal set of
interfaces for multi-threaded applications; ``VP'', from Paul Borman
of Cray, added a ``virtual processor'' layer to the pthreads
specification, which made some multiprocessor (MP) features visible to
applications.
The primary MP hardware feature that Paul's VP proposal makes visible
to the pthreads environment is the ability to write your own spin
loops and expect them to work. One could, for example, have one
thread continuously reading an in-core data base while another thread
updates it. On an MP system, it might be more efficient to code this
without using a mutex, although doing so on a uni-processor with a
co-routine threads package is an absolute disaster. The new
multiprocessor group, 1003.16, is looking into this and similar
problems, and will probably suggest that .4a include some sort of
system-wide attribute structure that one can check when writing
programs that depend heavily on concurrent execution of threads.
After a week's discussion (often a euphemism for argument), we settled
into a compromise position not that far from where we started --
pthreads. All this work without much net change was frustrating, but
__________
* UNIX is a registered trademark of AT&T in the U.S. and other
countries.
May 1990 Standards Update IEEE 1003.4: Real-time Extensions
- 2 -
probably unavoidable. Until fairly recently most of the committee was
busy getting the .4 draft ready for balloting. Lacking enough time to
have studied threads carefully, members were unwilling to accept the
small group's conclusions before investigating some alternatives for
themselves. Still, some progress was made. The most important was a
more comprehensive definition of signal behavior in multi-threaded
programs.
1003.14
On the last day, a first attempt at a real-time application
environment profile (AEP) was presented. This PAR will be an
excellent, practical test of AEPs. Real-time applications are likely
to vary wildly in the subsets of .4's rich features that they require.
Some worry that the real-time AEP will force embedded systems that
need only one or two .4 features to incorporate others just to adhere
to the standard. The problem this poses is not just storage space
wasted by unused code, but the expense of verifying that this extra
code will never get in the way of the application. The group will be
wrestling with these and similar problems in the months to come.
May 1990 Standards Update IEEE 1003.4: Real-time Extensions
Volume-Number: Volume 20, Number 5