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sapep_built_it.txt
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1995-02-27
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Parts list and building details for SAPEP v2.0
All these parts are stocked items at any Active Componants (Canada), or
Future Electronics (USA). Everything (except for the ZIF socket) should cost
under $20 bucks. The file PARTS.PIC shows pinouts for all the parts.
-- Logic Chips --
All chips are HC or HCT. Sub LS at your own risk.
U1 74HC08 Quad AND Gates
U2-4 7407 Hex Hi-V OC Buffers NOT HC/T!
U5 74HC74 Dual D-Type Flip Flop
U6 74HC138 3 to 8 Demultiplexer
U7-9 74HC139 Dual 2 to 4 Demultiplexer
U10 74HC244 Octal Line Driver
U11 74HC245 Octal BiDir Bus Driver
U12-15 74HC574 Octal D-Type Latch
-- Diodes --
D1 T-1 led RED (Socket Busy)
D2 T-1 led GREEN (Socket Free)
D3 T-1 led YELLOW (Programming)
D4 T-1 led RED (SAPEP Power)
D5-10 1N914 (Signal Diode)
BR1 Bridge Rectifier 1 amp DIP type
-- Transistors --
Q1 2N4401
Q2 - Q7 2N4403
-- Capacitors --
C1 470uf 35 volts
C2 1uf 32 volts
C3 220uf 10 volts
C4 22uf 10 volts
C5 22uf 25 volts
-- Resistors --
All resistors 1/4w & 1%
R1 - R4 330 ohm
R5 - R6 470 ohm
R7 - R10 1k ohm
R11- R20 10k ohm
R21 330 ohm
R22 360 ohm
R23 70 ohm
R24 150 ohm
R25 1400 ohm
R26 2430 ohm
R27- R28 365 ohm
R29 100 ohm
R30 100 ohm
R31 3k ohm
R32- R33 10k ohm
-- Misc --
REG1 LM7805 1A (Circuit Power)
Heat Sink for REG1
REG2 -3 LM317 500ma (Variable Volts)
ZIF SOCKET 32 pin Zero Insertion Force Socket ($$)
J1 Suitible power jack
PS1 Power Supply AC or DC! Max 25vdc/24vac. See text
Male DB25 connector OR Centronics
Perfboard or copper clad circuit board.
-- How It Works Part 1: Computer Interface --
Because this unit can be connected to a long parallel cable, some type of
buffering/driving system must be in place. Chips U10 & U11 do just that. U10
is an octal buffer, and U11 is an octal buffer/driver. A cable of upto 6 feet
(2m) can be usind to attach the hardware to the computer. All data lines are
either INPUT or OUTPUT. The three access lines (Busy/Pout/Sel) are always
outputs. They are buffered by 1/2 of U10, then the buffered signals go into
U6 which is a 3 to 8 decoder. When you write/read a byte to the parallel
port, _STROBE goes low for 1.4us. This will strobe 1 of the 8 outputs of U6.
One half of U7 controlls the actions of U11. One action (direction) is
decided upon the state of the three access lines. If all are LOW, then
Y0 will go low, and data will flow from SAPEP to the computer, otherwise, data
flows from the computer to SAPEP. The other action is isolation. When
Busy/Pout/Sel are all high, U11 isolates the computer's data lines from the
data lines found in SAPEP. This works out very well, from a safty point of
view. No conflicts will occur if you try and print with SAPEP plugged in.
-- How It Works Part 2: Data Storage --
All data is stored in 4 74HC574 Octal latches. U12, U13 and half of U14
store the 20 address lines (A0-A19) that goto the ZIF socket. The other half
of U14 and all of U15 route timing signals, set voltages, and configure the
socket. A short synopsis of the functions are:
Chip bits Function
U12 0 - 7 Address lines A0 to A7
U13 0 - 7 Address lines A7 to A15
U14 0 - 3 Address lines A16 to A19
4 & 5 Which pin gets the program pulse
6 & 7 Which pin has Vcc on it
U15 0 - 2 Which pin has Vpp on it
3 & 4 Sets Vcc to 5.00, 6.00, 6.25 or 6.50v
5 - 7 Sets Vpp to 12.00, 12.50, 12.75, 13.00 or 21.00v
Part of U5 also acts as a storage register. When reading a chip (not
verifying it), this register contains 0 (It is indirectly hooked up to _E).
Most other times, it is kept at logic 1.
-- How It Works Part 3: The Timer --
A time period of 100us to 78ms is generated by CIA-A inside the Amiga.
This proved to be the most accurate time source. The other half of U5 is set
up like a toggle flip-flop. The basic operation is like this:
Write the low address bytes to U12 (this SETs the FF to a 1)
Kill the Amiga multi-tasking
Set the access lines to access the timer FF
Write the 16bit timer value to the time registers
- timer is now counting at 1 count every 1.4us
Send the 8bit value to be programmed to the parallel port
- The timer FF has now been strobed, and it's output goes low
Wait in a loop for timer to signal it's done
- During this time the eprom is burning in the written byte
When loop is done, READ the parallel port. Data stays the same, but we have
strobed the timer FF again, bringing it's output HIGH.
The data byte is now burned into the eprom.
Which pin gets the pulsed signal is decided by part of U7. Because some
PGM pins are address lines on different sized eproms, they must still be
capable of going HIGH or LOW. The AND gates of U1 allow this to happen.
-- How It Works Part 4: Setting Voltages --
The key to this project is the ability to adjust the voltages needed by
the eprom to all the industry standards. The two voltage regulators have
several resistors from thier ADJ pins to ground. Grounding the junction of
any two resistors will change the regulators output voltage. The
open-collector buffers are used for this grounding task. With a logic 1 as
the input, they are basicly disconnected from any voltage (very much like a 3
stated bus). A logic 0 grounds the outputs. A normal TTL gate CANNOT be used
for this task. These resistor ladders act like multi-tap pots. The values
given are common resistor values. The actual output voltages should be within
5% of the following:
Vcc supply 5.00v 6.00v 6.25v 6.50v
Vpp supply 12.00v 12.50v 12.75v 13.00v 21.00v
The calibration routines in the software will help you to fine-tune the
voltages (assuming you used a pot here and there), although the output should
be just fine.
*NOTE The buffers add a small amount of resistance when they ground a signal.
Even 50 ohms can cause a .2v difference. I suggest that if you attempt to mix
and match your own resistor values, you use a buffer gate to get a real-world
voltage value.
-- How It Works Part 5: Who Gets What --
U9 selects which pins get what signals. Depending upon the eprom size,
a pin might be Vcc, PGM, Address, Vpp or _G. The transistors 'switch' in a
higher voltage to the circuit (this could be anywhere from 5 to 21v). Diodes
protect TTL outputs from the higher voltages. For example, look at Q8.
If Y3 of controlling half of U9 is low, then Z24 will have whatever
voltage Vpp is set to (12 to 21v). But D10 protects the AND gate from this
potential killer voltage (no matter what state the AND gate puts out). If Y3
goes to a '1', that high volatage will no longer appear at the TTL/HiV
junction. Now the TTL side of the diode determines the logic level.
The diode does drop .7v, so if the TTL part puts out a logic 1 at 5.00v,
the voltage on the other side of the diode will be 4.30v. I suggest using HC
or HCT parts because thier outputs sit closer to 5v than LS parts. This is
important when the signal must go over a diode.
-- How It Works Part 6: Status LEDs --
Three of the four LEDs are driven through U10. The 74HC244 can
sink/source more current than other parts in this circuit. D4 is powered
directly from the main circuit's +5v supply. See the software docs on what
all these LEDs mean.
-- How It Works Part 7: Power Supply --
One of the great things about this project is the power supply required.
It can be AC or DC, and if you choose DC, the plug polarity doesn't matter!
BR1 can be 4 diodes, or a 4 pin DIP package. I like using DIP packages,
they take less space, and are simpler to connect. Depending on what you
intend to do with this project, you can select the adapter accordingly.
Task Eprom type Use
READ (no sig) Any kind Min 6vdc/6.3vac unregulated 300ma
READ/WRITE Vpp of 12-13v Min 12vdc/12.6vac unregulated 400ma
READ/WRITE Vpp of 12-21v Min 24vdc/25.2vac unregulated 500ma
* Note * The adapter voltages may vary according to what family TTL chips you
use. My all-HC/HCT version pulled 215ma from the 5v supply. Add another
100ma for the eprom's power and programming currents.
I suggest you use a CSA/UL rated adapter. Radio Shack is a good place to
look. If you're handy with HIGH VOLTAGE, then rig up your own AC supply. Just
be careful if you do decide to build your own, and keep the transformer OFF
the SAPEP board (or well isolated). Can't afford to lose any of you guys ;-)
-- Other Things You Should Know --
There is NO printed circuit board for this project. I will do one as soon
as I can find the time, but that might not be for a few months. My version
fits on 4 bread boards (JUST fits). Using perfboard will work fine. All
registered owners of SAPEP will receive a copy of the artwork when it becomes
availible.
There are no decoupling caps for each chip. Because of the slow switching
nature of the project, caps aren't needed. The printed circuit version WILL
have the caps though.
You MUST use a good heat-sink on REG1. Even though no more than 300ma of
current is used, it tends to get hot FAST!
When chips have 2 have DUAL functions (Like the 74HC139), it doesn't
matter which side you use for whatever function. For example, if your board
layout makes it simpler to combine half of U8's & U9's functions on the same
chip, that's just fine.
- EOF -