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1992-01-14
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__ TIMBRE _________________________________________
The sound of a piano is different than the sound
of a clarinet - even though they may be playing
the exact same melody. Each instrument has its own
unique sound. This unique sound is often referred
to as the instrument's "timbre", pronounced
"timber" or "tamber".
A synthesizer provides you with the means to create
and edit your own timbres. The basic parameters
that control a synthesized timbre are: synthesis
method (CONNECTION), envelope generation, oscil-
lator and level control.
__ SYNTHESIS METHODS ______________________________
Ad Lib compatible sound sythesizer cards create
sounds by one of two methods: Frequency Modulation
Synthesis or Additive Synthesis.
The outputs of two identical "operators" are com-
bined to make the sounds you hear. One is called
the "Modulator" and the other is the "Carrier". In
Frequency Modulation synthesis,the output of the
Modulator modifies the frequency of the Carrier. In
Additive Synthesis, the outputs of the Modulator
and Carrier are combined, or added together.
__ ENVELOPE GENERATION ____________________________
The envelope controls the general "shape" of a
timbre. For example, a note played on an accordion
starts immediately, maintains its sound evenly and
then cuts off as abruptly as it started. On the
other hand, a plucked guitar string starts immed-
iately but the sound dies off.
The envelope is made up of several parameters:
Attack Rate is the time it takes for a sound to
reach its peak volume.
Decay Rate is the amount of time it takes for the
sound to fall to its sustain level.
Release Rate is the time it takes for the sound to
fade to silence after you release a key.
Sustaining Sound (SUS SOUND) is used to keep the
sound at the sustain level for as long as the note
is held. If sustaining sound is off, the sound im-
mediately fades to silence once the sustain level
is reached.
Envelope Scaling (ENV SCALING) is used to adjust
the envelope shape the particular pitch being
played. For example, on a piano the high notes are
shorter than the low notes.
__ OSCILLATOR CONTROL _____________________________
Use oscillator parameters to control the frequency
attributes of your timbres.
Frequency Multiplier (MULTI) enables you to change
the oscillator frequency so that the sound played
becomes a multiple of the note's frequency.
Frequency Vibrato (FREQ VIBRATO) effects a slight
fluctuation to the oscillator frequency.
Modulator Feedback (FEEDBACK) is used to feed back
the output of the modulator back to its input.
Waveform Selection (WAVE) allows selection of the
shape of the sound wave used to create a sound.
Most natural sounds are made up of smooth "sine"
waves. With synthesizers you may substitute other
wave shapes to create unusual sounds.
__ LEVEL CONTROL __________________________________
These parameters deal with the overall output
levels of each operator.
Output Level (OUTPUT) sets an operator's maximum
volume. In frequency modulation, the modulator
output level determines the intensity of the
carrier modulation; the carrier's output level
controls the overall volume of the sound.
Level Scaling (KSL) adjusts the volume of the
sounds according to its pitch. This is used to
reproduce the phenomenon on acoustic instruments
where the lower tones sound louder than the
higher notes.
Amplitude Vibrato (AMP VIBRATO) effects a slight
fluctuation to an operator's output level.
Use SoundSculptor to edit these parameters to make
your own custom timbres. Some of the concepts may
be unfamiliar but experimentation is the best way
to understand them. Load a familiar sound and
change one parameter at a time and listen to its
effect.