home
***
CD-ROM
|
disk
|
FTP
|
other
***
search
/
ARM Club 1
/
ARM_CLUB_CD.iso
/
contents
/
education
/
n
/
verbmast
/
!VerbMast
/
!French
/
GText
/
PerfSubj
< prev
next >
Wrap
Text File
|
1995-06-24
|
3KB
|
94 lines
VERBMASTER: THE AID TO LEARNING FOREIGN VERBS
FRENCH MODULE
by and (c) Nigel Caplan, 1995.
***** GrammarText *****
***** The PERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE Tense *****
Checklist: GCSE - Not needed.
A Level - Rare, but impressive at highest levels!
- 1 - ===== Use =====
The subjunctive mood does not really exist in English, so is very
difficult to explain and learn. I strongly recommend you consult a
teacher/tutor/grammar book, rather than relying on this text, but here
is a brief summary.
The subjunctive expresses doubt, fear, hopes, necessity and orders and is
generally used after certain fixed expressions. Here are a few examples
(this list is NOT exhaustive!):
* il faut que ... / il est nécessaire que ...
* exiger que (to demand)
* il vaut mieux que (it would be better if)
* il est souhaitable que (it is to be wished that)
* il est dommage que (it is a pity that)
* de peur que (out of fear that)#
* bienque / quoique (although)
* à moins que (unless)#
# - These (and certain other) constructions take a stylistic 'ne' before
the verb that has no negative meaning.
One other 'rule' (there are few fixed guidelines!) that you might find
helpful: if there is a change of subject, you probably need the subjunctive, eg:
* elle veut que je vienne (she wants me to come)
* je suis heureux qu'il soit riche (I'm happy he is rich)
The perfect subjunctive is rather rare, and is used when it is necessary
to take a 'step back in time'! ie the event happened before the time of
writing/speaking. There is also sometimes the meaning of something 'would
have happened' - ie the English perfect conditional. Egs:
* je ne croyais pas qu'il l'ait fait
= I didn't think he had done it
* elle est furieuse que je ne l'aie pas fini
= she is furious that I haven't finished it.
NB: The imperfect subjunctive is so rare and archaic that I haven't
included it in VM-French.
- 2 - ===== Exceptions =====
The verb 'esperer' (=to hope) does not take the subjunctive in the
affirmitive.
- 3 - ===== Formation =====
The perfect subjucntive tense is a COMPOUND tense, and requires:
* the PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE tense of the auxilliary verb;
* the past participle.
(see GrammarText - Perfect tense for details on forming the past participle
and choosing the auxilliary verb.)
- 4 - ===== Agreement =====
As with all compound tenses, you need to agree the past participle:
* when the auxillairy is 'être'
* when preceeding the direct object.
(see GrammarText - Perfect tense for full details about this.)
- End -
GrammarText is written by and (c) Nigel Caplan, 1995
Only to be distributed with VerbMaster-French, a SHAREWARE package.
Registered users may print and photocopy this text under licence.
This text is an overview; you are advised to consult a grammar book.
(Errors and omissions excepted - but please contact me!)
>NAC; 24.v.95