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Pluperf
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1995-06-24
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VERBMASTER: THE AID TO LEARNING FOREIGN VERBS
FRENCH MODULE
by and (c) Nigel Caplan, 1995.
***** GrammarText *****
***** The PLUPERFECT Tense *****
Checklist: GCSE - Essential at Higher level; useful at Basic level
A level - Essential
- 1 - ===== Use =====
The PLUPERFECT tense translates the English constructions:
* I had watched;
* I had been watching.
It basically is exactly what it says (the plu- prefix is from Latin, meaning
more than) - namely an action which is 'more than perfect', in other words,
involving two steps back in time. So, if your narrative is in the perfect
and you want to imply something HAD happened before that, you need the
pluperfect. (Just remember the word HAD!)
- 2 - ===== Formation =====
The pluperfect tense is a COMPOUND tense, and requires:
* the IMPERFECT tense of the auxilliary verb;
* the past participle.
(see GrammarText - Perfect tense for details on forming the past participle
and choosing the auxilliary verb.)
- 3 - ===== Agreement =====
As with all compound tenses, you need to agree the past participle:
* when the auxillairy is 'être'
* when preceeding the direct object.
(see GrammarText - Perfect tense for full details about this.)
- 4 - ===== Impersonals =====
(These verbs are not included in VerbMaster-French because they are only
really used in the 'il' form; also some general phrases)
falloir -> il avait fallu (it had been necessary)
pleuvoir -> il avait plu (it had rained)
il y avait eu (there had been)
- End -
GrammarText is written by and (c) Nigel Caplan, 1995
Only to be distributed with VerbMaster-French, a SHAREWARE package.
Registered users may print and photocopy this text under licence.
This text is an overview; you are advised to consult a grammar book.
(Errors and omissions excepted - but please contact me!)
>NAC; 24.v.95