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1995-06-24
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VERBMASTER: THE AID TO LEARNING FOREIGN VERBS
FRENCH MODULE
by and (c) Nigel Caplan, 1995.
***** GrammarText *****
***** The PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE Tense *****
Checklist: GCSE - Not needed (but very impressive!)
A Level - Essential to attain highest grades.
- 1 - ===== Use =====
The subjunctive mood does not really exist in English, so is very
difficult to explain and learn. I strongly recommend you consult a
teacher/tutor/grammar book, rather than relying on this text, but here
is a brief summary.
The subjunctive expresses doubt, fear, hopes, necessity and orders and is
generally used after certain fixed expressions. Here are a few examples
(this list is NOT exhaustive!):
* il faut que ... / il est nécessaire que ...
* exiger que (to demand)
* il vaut mieux que (it would be better if)
* il est souhaitable que (it is to be wished that)
* il est dommage que (it is a pity that)
* de peur que (out of fear that)#
* bienque / quoique (although)
* à moins que (unless)#
# - These (and certain other) constructions take a stylistic 'ne' before
the verb that has no negative meaning.
One other 'rule' (there are few fixed guidelines!) that you might find
helpful: if there is a change of subject, you probably need the subjunctive, eg:
* elle veut que je vienne (she wants me to come)
* je suis heureux qu'il soit riche (I'm happy he is rich)
The present subjunctive is the most common tense used, and translates both
the present and future tenses in English. The perfect subjunctive is
sometimes seen and is included in VM-French for completeness, but the
imperfect is archaic and only ever seen in Molière!
- 2 - ===== Exceptions =====
The verb 'esperer' (=to hope) does not take the subjunctive in the
affirmitive.
See also the perfect subjunctive (just in case!).
- 3 - ===== Formation =====
Regular verbs: have a look at the standard conjugations of -er / -ir / -re
verbs from the file 'Regulars'. Note that the singular present
subjunctive is identical to the present indicative.
Irregular verbs: They are mostly based on the 'ils' form of the
present indicative, but the 'nous' and 'vous' forms nearly always follow
the imperfect indicative. It sounds complicated, but if you have a look
at a few cases, it's not that bad!
Slightly irregular verbs: The '1,2,3,6 verbs' retain their irregularity:
* se lever -> que je me lève / que nous nous levions
* acheter -> que j'achète / que nous achetions
Those which change in the 'nous' form by adding an -e before the ending
or taking a c-cedilla also retain their irregularity in the nous and vous
forms, because the letter again needs to be softened, hence:
* manger -> que nous mangEions
* commencer -> que nous commenÇions
NB: Strictly speaking, the tenses of the subjunctive should always appear
in verb tables preceeded by 'que'; this does not happen in VM-French for
technical reasons, but I hope the tables are still meaningful.
- 4 - ===== Impersonals =====
Please note that it is stylistically poor to use 'il faut' in the
subjunctive; for the record, the form is 'qu'il faille'.
pleuvoir -> qu'il pleuve
il y a -> qu'il y aie
A common one also is: qu'je m'en aille (from s'en aller = to go away, leave).
- End -
GrammarText is written by and (c) Nigel Caplan, 1995
Only to be distributed with VerbMaster-French, a SHAREWARE package.
Registered users may print and photocopy this text under licence.
This text is an overview; you are advised to consult a grammar book.
(Errors and omissions excepted - but please contact me!)
>NAC; 24.v.95