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Perfect
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1995-08-08
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VERBMASTER: THE AID TO LEARNING FOREIGN VERBS
GERMAN MODULE
by and (c) Nigel Caplan, 1995.
***** GrammarText *****
***** The PERFECT Tense *****
- 1 - ===== Use =====
The perfect tense translates the following English past tenses:
* I watched
* I have watched
* I did watch
* I was watching
* I used to watch
The perfect and imperfect tenses have the same meaning in German;
generally, the perfect tense is used in speech and the imperfect in
writing and stylistically you should be consistent. Note that 'haben',
'sein' and the modal verbs are not usually used in the perfect tense,
even in speech.
SEE ALSO - the imperfect tense;
the pluperfect tense for actions which had happened.
- 2 - ===== Formation =====
The perfect tense is a COMPOUND tense, this means it has two parts:
* The PRESENT tense of 'haben' or 'sein' (the AUXILLIARY verb)
* The PAST PARTICIPLE.
The past participle of regular verbs is formed by taking the stem and
adding 'ge-' to the beginning and '-t' to the end.
The past participle of irregular verbs has to be learnt - sorry! As with
most tenses, there are patterns. Note that you can spot irregular verbs
as their past participles don't have a 't' at the end.
You also need to decide which auxilliary verb to use; the rule is basically
that you use 'haben' for all verbs except the so-called verbs of motion or
change of state.
- 3 - ===== I like it! ====
The impersonal construction for 'I like it' is not included in VerbMaster
because it only exists in the third person:
es hat mir gut gefallen = I liked it.
- End -
GrammarText is written by and (c) Nigel Caplan, 1995
Only to be distributed with VerbMaster-German, a SHAREWARE package.
Registered users may print and photocopy this text under licence.
This text is an overview; you are advised to consult a grammar book.
(Errors and omissions excepted - but please contact me!)
>NAC; 8.viii.95.