home
***
CD-ROM
|
disk
|
FTP
|
other
***
search
/
ARM Club 1
/
ARM_CLUB_CD.iso
/
contents
/
education
/
n
/
verbmast
/
!VerbMast
/
!German
/
GText
/
PerfSubj
< prev
next >
Wrap
Text File
|
1995-08-08
|
2KB
|
70 lines
VERBMASTER: THE AID TO LEARNING FOREIGN VERBS
GERMAN MODULE
by and (c) Nigel Caplan, 1995.
***** GrammarText *****
***** The PERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE Tense *****
Note: The subjunctive tenses are not generally needed below 'A'-Level.
- 1 - ===== Use =====
The subjunctive mood does not really exist in English, so is very
difficult to explain and learn. I strongly recommend you consult a
teacher/tutor/grammar book, rather than relying on this text, but here
is a brief description.
The perfect subjunctive is really only used in INDIRECT SPEECH, ie when
you reporting what someone else said. As such, it implies an element of
doubt - don't believe everything you're told!
eg: * er sagte, du habest Fußball gespielt.
= he said you played (were playing, have played) football.
Generally, if the text of the original direct speech was perfect OR
imperfect, the perfect subjunctive is needed. In the above example, the
indirect speaker must have said: "Du hast Fußball gespielt" OR "Du
spieltest Fußball".
See also the other subjunctive tenses and a grammar book/teacher!
- 2 - ===== Formation =====
he perfect subjucntive tense is a COMPOUND tense, this means it has two
parts:
* The PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE tense of 'haben' or 'sein' (the AUXILLIARY
verb)
* The PAST PARTICIPLE.
The past participle of regular verbs is formed by taking the stem and
adding 'ge-' to the beginning and '-t' to the end.
The past participle of irregular verbs has to be learnt - sorry! As with
most tenses, there are patterns. Note that you can spot irregular verbs
as their past participles don't have a 't' at the end.
You also need to decide which auxilliary verb to use; the rule is basically
that you use 'haben' for all verbs except the so-called verbs of motion or
change of state.
- End -
GrammarText is written by and (c) Nigel Caplan, 1995
Only to be distributed with VerbMaster-German, a SHAREWARE package.
Registered users may print and photocopy this text under licence.
This text is an overview; you are advised to consult a grammar book.
(Errors and omissions excepted - but please contact me!)
>NAC; 8.viii.95.