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PlupSubj
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1995-08-08
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VERBMASTER: THE AID TO LEARNING FOREIGN VERBS
GERMAN MODULE
by and (c) Nigel Caplan, 1995.
***** GrammarText *****
***** The PLUPERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE Tense *****
Note: The subjunctive tenses are not generally needed below 'A'-Level.
- 1 - ===== Use =====
The subjunctive mood does not really exist in English, so is very
difficult to explain and learn. I strongly recommend you consult a
teacher/tutor/grammar book, rather than relying on this text, but here
is a brief description.
The pluperfect subjunctive is generally only used in two constructions and
roughly translates the archaic English subjunctive of 'If I had been rich'
and 'as if he had been ill'.
- the pluperfect subjunctive in 'wenn' (=if) clauses:
This is described as as rejected hypotheis (or the perfect conditional) -
something that WOULD HAVE HAPPENED.
*Wenn ich reich gewesen wäre, wäre ich nach Amerika gefahren.
=If I had been rich, I would have gone to America.
*Wenn du mir ein Geschänk gegeben hättest, wäre ich überrascht gewesen.
=If you had given me a present, I would have been surprised.
- the pluperfect subjunctive in 'als ob' (= as if) clauses:
Again, this is suggesting that something has occurred as if something else
HAD BEEN the case: another rejected hypothesis.
* Er sah aus, als ob er krank gewesen wäre.
= He looked as if he had been ill.
- 2 - ===== Formation =====
The pluperfect subjunctive tense is a COMPOUND tense, this means it has two
parts:
* The IMPERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE tense of 'haben' or 'sein' (the AUXILLIARY
verb)
* The PAST PARTICIPLE.
The past participle of regular verbs is formed by taking the stem and
adding 'ge-' to the beginning and '-t' to the end.
The past participle of irregular verbs has to be learnt - sorry! As with
most tenses, there are patterns. Note that you can spot irregular verbs
as their past participles don't have a 't' at the end.
You also need to decide which auxilliary verb to use; the rule is basically
that you use 'haben' for all verbs except the so-called verbs of motion or
change of state.
- End -
GrammarText is written by and (c) Nigel Caplan, 1995
Only to be distributed with VerbMaster-German, a SHAREWARE package.
Registered users may print and photocopy this text under licence.
This text is an overview; you are advised to consult a grammar book.
(Errors and omissions excepted - but please contact me!)
>NAC; 8.viii.95.