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- <text id=89TT0308>
- <link 93HT0383>
- <link 90TT2433>
- <link 89TT2605>
- <title>
- Jan. 30, 1989: Kampuchea:Is Peace At Hand?
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1989
- Jan. 30, 1989 The Bush Era Begins
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- WORLD, Page 39
- KAMPUCHEA
- Is Peace at Hand?
- </hdr><body>
- <p>Fears persist of a possible return by the murderous Khmer Rouge
- </p>
- <p> For two decades, Kampuchea has been torn by one of the 20th
- century's goriest conflicts. During its 3 1/2-year reign, the
- sternly Communist Khmer Rouge killed anywhere from 1 million to 2
- million Kampucheans in a genocidal resettlement program. Up to
- another million fled, swarming into refugee camps across the
- border in Thailand. In 1979 invading Vietnamese troops
- overthrew the murderous Pol Pot. Since then, the Hanoi-backed
- government in Phnom Penh has been at war with a coalition of
- three rebel factions that includes as many as 35,000 fighters
- of the ousted Khmer Rouge.
- </p>
- <p> The dispute involves a dizzyingly complex array of parties:
- the Soviets support the Vietnamese puppet regime; the U.S.,
- China, Thailand and the Association of South East Asian Nations
- (ASEAN), determined to keep Hanoi from overrunning the region,
- want to oust the invaders, even if that means risking a return
- of the Khmer Rouge killers. Suddenly, however, a rare
- convergence of interests among all parties has made the
- prospect appear bright that a political settlement may finally
- end the fighting in Kampuchea. The new optimism has been
- triggered by a "peace blitz" in Asian capitals. Kampuchean
- President Heng Samrin began raising hopes earlier this month
- when he said Hanoi might be willing to withdraw its estimated
- 50,000 remaining troops by September.
- </p>
- <p> Eager to curb Vietnam's expansive military, China promptly
- invited First Deputy Foreign Minister Dinh Nho Liem to Beijing
- last week for the highest-level discussions between the two
- nations in ten years. Liem presumably asked for assurances that
- China would reduce aid to the rebels as part of a political
- settlement.
- </p>
- <p> Pushing diplomacy along, Prince Norodom Sihanouk, who ruled
- Kampuchea from 1953 to 1970, may have dropped his demand that
- the Hanoi-backed regime be dismantled before a new
- national-unity government could be installed. As leader of the
- main non-Communist rebel faction, Sihanouk has a strong claim to
- at least a symbolic leadership post in a new government after
- the Vietnamese pull out.
- </p>
- <p> Thailand, host to the rebel factions and the refugees,
- joined the blitz. In a startling turnaround from a policy of
- refusing to talk to Phnom Penh, the new Prime Minister,
- Chatichai Choonhavan, invited Kampuchean Prime Minister Hun Sen
- for discussions in Bangkok, possibly to start as early as this
- week. Before, says an ASEAN diplomat, "Thailand and ASEAN
- wouldn't have touched Hun Sen with a 10-ft. pole."
- </p>
- <p> Last week ASEAN foreign ministers met to lay the groundwork
- for another "informal meeting" in Jakarta that will bring
- together the Kampuchean government, some if not all of the
- rebel factions, China, Vietnam and Thailand. The object is to
- set up a formal peace parley aimed at devising a government
- power-sharing formula, nailing down a Vietnamese withdrawal
- timetable and establishing international monitoring of the
- peace.
- </p>
- <p> The crucial underlying impetus for a settlement, however, is
- the detente that began emerging last summer between China and
- the Soviet Union, which have been bankrolling the opposing
- armies in Kampuchea. "There's recognition on both sides that
- it's time to move their respective clients toward resolution,"
- said a State Department analyst. A Chinese official put it more
- bluntly: "Viet Nam is worried about the Soviets reaching an
- agreement with China and being left out."
- </p>
- <p> One of the questions bedeviling the diplomats is the role
- the Khmer Rouge would play in a Kampuchean government after the
- Vietnamese withdraw. As a U.S. official said, "A return of the
- Khmer Rouge would be unacceptable in the eyes of the world." Its
- political comeback would be acutely embarrassing to Washington.
- In supporting the non-Communist members of the rebel coalition,
- the U.S. has at least indirectly backed the Khmer Rouge as well.
- But Washington hopes to undercut the Khmer Rouge by boosting aid
- to Sihanouk. Diplomats in Beijing believe that China is ready
- to accept the "decapitation" of the Khmer Rouge, permitting it
- to take part in a national-unity government but barring its
- infamous leaders from holding power.
- </p>
- <p> Fear of the Khmer Rouge still rules much of the Kampuchean
- countryside, where the rebel fighters battle the improving army
- of the People's Republic. Around Chhun Kiri, 65 miles southwest
- of Phnom Penh, the Khmer Rouge has stepped up its "war of the
- villages." At a nearby hospital lay Pen Kea, 40, his leg injured
- in a guerrilla attack. "The Khmer Rouge comes every three
- nights," he said. "You have got to be afraid of them."
- </p>
- <p> By comparison, even the once despised government regime is
- winning some popular support as it gains militarily against the
- rebels. With a view toward future elections, the government has
- initiated a series of rural land reforms, and its economic
- liberalizations have been bringing a measure of prosperity to
- this benighted land. With hopes rising that Vietnam's soldiers
- will eventually be gone, perhaps peace, too, will visit tortured
- Kampuchea before long.
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
-
-