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<text id=89TT0308>
<link 93HT0383>
<link 90TT2433>
<link 89TT2605>
<title>
Jan. 30, 1989: Kampuchea:Is Peace At Hand?
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1989
Jan. 30, 1989 The Bush Era Begins
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
WORLD, Page 39
KAMPUCHEA
Is Peace at Hand?
</hdr><body>
<p>Fears persist of a possible return by the murderous Khmer Rouge
</p>
<p> For two decades, Kampuchea has been torn by one of the 20th
century's goriest conflicts. During its 3 1/2-year reign, the
sternly Communist Khmer Rouge killed anywhere from 1 million to 2
million Kampucheans in a genocidal resettlement program. Up to
another million fled, swarming into refugee camps across the
border in Thailand. In 1979 invading Vietnamese troops
overthrew the murderous Pol Pot. Since then, the Hanoi-backed
government in Phnom Penh has been at war with a coalition of
three rebel factions that includes as many as 35,000 fighters
of the ousted Khmer Rouge.
</p>
<p> The dispute involves a dizzyingly complex array of parties:
the Soviets support the Vietnamese puppet regime; the U.S.,
China, Thailand and the Association of South East Asian Nations
(ASEAN), determined to keep Hanoi from overrunning the region,
want to oust the invaders, even if that means risking a return
of the Khmer Rouge killers. Suddenly, however, a rare
convergence of interests among all parties has made the
prospect appear bright that a political settlement may finally
end the fighting in Kampuchea. The new optimism has been
triggered by a "peace blitz" in Asian capitals. Kampuchean
President Heng Samrin began raising hopes earlier this month
when he said Hanoi might be willing to withdraw its estimated
50,000 remaining troops by September.
</p>
<p> Eager to curb Vietnam's expansive military, China promptly
invited First Deputy Foreign Minister Dinh Nho Liem to Beijing
last week for the highest-level discussions between the two
nations in ten years. Liem presumably asked for assurances that
China would reduce aid to the rebels as part of a political
settlement.
</p>
<p> Pushing diplomacy along, Prince Norodom Sihanouk, who ruled
Kampuchea from 1953 to 1970, may have dropped his demand that
the Hanoi-backed regime be dismantled before a new
national-unity government could be installed. As leader of the
main non-Communist rebel faction, Sihanouk has a strong claim to
at least a symbolic leadership post in a new government after
the Vietnamese pull out.
</p>
<p> Thailand, host to the rebel factions and the refugees,
joined the blitz. In a startling turnaround from a policy of
refusing to talk to Phnom Penh, the new Prime Minister,
Chatichai Choonhavan, invited Kampuchean Prime Minister Hun Sen
for discussions in Bangkok, possibly to start as early as this
week. Before, says an ASEAN diplomat, "Thailand and ASEAN
wouldn't have touched Hun Sen with a 10-ft. pole."
</p>
<p> Last week ASEAN foreign ministers met to lay the groundwork
for another "informal meeting" in Jakarta that will bring
together the Kampuchean government, some if not all of the
rebel factions, China, Vietnam and Thailand. The object is to
set up a formal peace parley aimed at devising a government
power-sharing formula, nailing down a Vietnamese withdrawal
timetable and establishing international monitoring of the
peace.
</p>
<p> The crucial underlying impetus for a settlement, however, is
the detente that began emerging last summer between China and
the Soviet Union, which have been bankrolling the opposing
armies in Kampuchea. "There's recognition on both sides that
it's time to move their respective clients toward resolution,"
said a State Department analyst. A Chinese official put it more
bluntly: "Viet Nam is worried about the Soviets reaching an
agreement with China and being left out."
</p>
<p> One of the questions bedeviling the diplomats is the role
the Khmer Rouge would play in a Kampuchean government after the
Vietnamese withdraw. As a U.S. official said, "A return of the
Khmer Rouge would be unacceptable in the eyes of the world." Its
political comeback would be acutely embarrassing to Washington.
In supporting the non-Communist members of the rebel coalition,
the U.S. has at least indirectly backed the Khmer Rouge as well.
But Washington hopes to undercut the Khmer Rouge by boosting aid
to Sihanouk. Diplomats in Beijing believe that China is ready
to accept the "decapitation" of the Khmer Rouge, permitting it
to take part in a national-unity government but barring its
infamous leaders from holding power.
</p>
<p> Fear of the Khmer Rouge still rules much of the Kampuchean
countryside, where the rebel fighters battle the improving army
of the People's Republic. Around Chhun Kiri, 65 miles southwest
of Phnom Penh, the Khmer Rouge has stepped up its "war of the
villages." At a nearby hospital lay Pen Kea, 40, his leg injured
in a guerrilla attack. "The Khmer Rouge comes every three
nights," he said. "You have got to be afraid of them."
</p>
<p> By comparison, even the once despised government regime is
winning some popular support as it gains militarily against the
rebels. With a view toward future elections, the government has
initiated a series of rural land reforms, and its economic
liberalizations have been bringing a measure of prosperity to
this benighted land. With hopes rising that Vietnam's soldiers
will eventually be gone, perhaps peace, too, will visit tortured
Kampuchea before long.
</p>
</body></article>
</text>