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- <text id=89TT0447>
- <title>
- Feb. 13, 1989: Interview:James Baker
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1989
- Feb. 13, 1989 James Baker:The Velvet Hammer
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- NATION, Page 30
- "I Want to Be the President's Man"
- </hdr><body>
- <p>By Michael Kramer, John Stacks, Christopher Ogden, James Baker
- </p>
- <p> Shortly before his confirmation, the new Secretary of State
- spoke to chief of correspondents John Stacks, special
- correspondent Michael Kramer and diplomatic correspondent
- Christopher Ogden. Excerpts:
- </p>
- <p> Q. Do you agree with National Security Adviser Brent
- Scowcroft that Mikhail Gorbachev's "peace offensive" is
- designed to make trouble for the Western Alliance?
- </p>
- <p> A. We ought to recognize that the Soviet Union remains a
- very heavily armed power with interests that are adverse to the
- U.S. I don't think it has departed from what has been Soviet
- policy for a long, long time, and that is to test the Alliance,
- to probe, to look for weaknesses.
- </p>
- <p> Q. But should we encourage Gorbachev's efforts?
- </p>
- <p> A. I'm not one of those who believe we should hope for
- failure, that somehow failure will result in a weaker Soviet
- Union and that will be better for the U.S. It's a case of our
- wanting to see that experiment succeed in opening up that
- society and seeing the Soviets recognize that Communism has not
- succeeded. At the same time, I don't think success or failure
- depends on what we do. We must continue to approach this
- relationship with prudence, realism, and to be reserved and not
- go overboard here just because we see a change.
- </p>
- <p> Q. Should the Soviet Union be included in a Middle East
- peace conference?
- </p>
- <p> A. The policy of the outgoing Administration was to support
- the concept of an international conference provided -- big
- proviso -- it was properly structured and provided its purpose
- was to lead to direct negotiations between the parties. I see no
- reason why we would depart from the policy with those provisos.
- We don't oppose categorically a Soviet role. But we do think
- it's important that any such role be a constructive one, and we
- would like to see them demonstrate this through action, not just
- words. One way would be to restore full diplomatic relations
- with Israel, to continue to permit greater emigration and to
- stop supporting states that support terrorism, such as Libya.
- </p>
- <p> Q. What leverage does the U.S. have in the Middle East?
- </p>
- <p> A. The U.S. is and can be the most influential player. But
- it is important that we not permit the perception to develop
- that we can deliver peace, that we can deliver Israeli
- concessions. If there is going to be lasting peace, it will be
- the result of direct negotiations between the parties, not
- something mandated or delivered by anybody from the outside,
- including the U.S. We must do whatever we can to enhance the
- prospect of the parties negotiating the problem out among
- themselves. It is not the role of the U.S. to pressure Israel.
- At the same time, it is in Israel's interest to resolve the
- issue. Both sides have got to find a way to give something.
- </p>
- <p> Q. In Nicaragua how will you continue to support the
- contras? A. You will have to continue to support them through
- humanitarian assistance. It also seems to me that we should not
- just march in and disband the contras. We need to at least
- leave open the prospect they could be re-established as a
- fighting force if Ortega continues to thumb his nose at his
- neighbors.
- </p>
- <p> Q. Can you leave the contras in Honduras?
- </p>
- <p> A. There are some problems with that.
- </p>
- <p> Q. Where might you base them?
- </p>
- <p> A. I don't have any recommendations right now.
- </p>
- <p> Q. How about putting them on your Texas ranch?
- </p>
- <p> A. Actually, there's some pretty good remote country down
- there where we could hide a bunch of them. Contra country.
- </p>
- <p> Q. Might you talk to the Soviets about cutting their
- commitments to the Sandinistas?
- </p>
- <p> A. It's pretty much been policy not to negotiate with the
- Soviets on matters affecting this hemisphere. (But) my own view
- is that we ought to recognize facts. The Soviets are putting in a
- billion dollars a year supporting a regime that doesn't believe
- in the things we believe in. So we shouldn't automatically
- exclude the possibility of talking to them.
- </p>
- <p> Q. How do you feel about the possibility of the (right-wing)
- ARENA party coming to power next month in El Salvador?
- </p>
- <p> A. The test should be: Was the election open, free and fair?
- If it was, then we should recognize the government that results.
- We can't pick the winners of elections in all countries around
- the world, but we can be in favor of democracy and do what we
- can to promote openness, democracy, pluralism and human rights.
- </p>
- <p> Q. What is your philosophical attitude about pre-emptive
- strikes against terrorists?
- </p>
- <p> A. I have absolutely no problems with that philosophically.
- Sometimes such strikes are not only justified but almost
- required.
- </p>
- <p> Q. Are you satisfied with the way the European allies are
- sharing the burden of Western defense?
- </p>
- <p> A. They are beginning to do more and more. The Japanese are
- as well. What I can't say is they're doing all now that they
- should (be doing) for the next four years.
- </p>
- <p> Q. Are you concerned about Europe's plans for unification of
- its markets in 1992?
- </p>
- <p> A. It has the potential to go in a beneficial or detrimental
- way. It could be very beneficial if, in the process of breaking
- down internal barriers, it doesn't erect external barriers to
- the U.S., Japan and other non-European countries. It's up to us
- to manage the relationship properly so it goes the right way.
- </p>
- <p> Q. In your senior thesis at Princeton, you wrote that
- Britain's Foreign Secretary Ernest Bevin was hobbled by relying
- too heavily on permanent advisers. Is that a problem for you at
- the State Department?
- </p>
- <p> A. This is one department, I'm told, that tends to capture
- you if you're not careful. I hope to be very careful. I want to
- be the President's man at the State Department, instead of the
- State Department's man at the White House.
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
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