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<text id=90TT0657>
<title>
Mar. 12, 1990: The Man Who Made The Ice Melt
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
Mar. 12, 1990 Soviet Disunion
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
SPECIAL SECTION: THE SOVIET EMPIRE
AMERICA ABROAD, Page 36
The Man Who Made The Ice Melt
</hdr>
<body>
<p>By Strobe Talbott
</p>
<p> It may not be at the top of his list of worries, but Mikhail
Gorbachev seems to have fallen from grace with many Western
experts on the Soviet Union. Even among some who applauded him
in the past, there is not only a deepening pessimism about the
future of reform but also a new, almost ad hominem sourness
about the chief reformer himself.
</p>
<p> In a characteristic blast, Aurel Braun and Richard Day, two
respected political scientists at the University of Toronto's
Center for Russian and East European Studies, recently called
Gorbachev a loser who has been "mishandling reforms and
desperately trying to cling to power." Variations on that theme,
usually delivered more in sorrow than in anger, are gaining
currency. A veteran of the U.S. intelligence community last week
said Gorbachev's "blunders are plunging Russia into a new Time
of Troubles." That is an ominous reference to nearly a decade
of Kremlin intrigue, civil unrest and international conflict in
the 17th century.
</p>
<p> In a way, these critics are taking their cue from the almost
apocalyptic way in which many Soviets are talking about their
own troubles. Perestroika, said Vladimir Brovikov, a delegate
to the Communist Party plenum in February, "for five years has
brought us into crisis, anarchy and economic decay." Still, it
is worth remembering that dissatisfaction in the Soviet Union,
while real and legitimate, is wired into two new amplifiers:
glasnost (outspoken letters to the editor of Pravda) and
demokratizatsiya (outspoken delegates to the Supreme Soviet).
</p>
<p> Something similar has happened with ethnic strife, a curse
of empire since czarist times. In 1969 a soccer club from Moscow
traveled to Tashkent and made the mistake of beating the home
team. Uzbek fans went on a rampage and defenestrated several
Russian students at the local university. It was weeks before
even rumors of the incident reached Moscow. Now, when Bishop
Berkeley's tree falls in the Russian forest, there is a camera
crew from State Radio and Television to chronicle the event,
along with several foreign correspondents, a visiting political
scientist or two and an attache from the U.S. embassy.
</p>
<p> At its most extreme, the currently fashionable grumpiness
about Gorbachev implies a nostalgia for at least some aspects
of the bad old days. Yes, Leonid Brezhnev presided over an era
of stagnation, but perhaps that was preferable to the nervous
breakdown that the U.S.S.R. seems to be experiencing now.
Moreover, when Brezhnev was on the Lenin mausoleum, waving like
a rusty windup toy at the troops parading by, there was a
predictability to Soviet behavior and a stability in
international life that in retrospect are beginning to look
good to some.
</p>
<p> A less perverse but also debatable strain of conventional
criticism is that Gorbachev is improvising without a blueprint.
According to three cliches now in vogue, he is riding a tiger,
trying to stay one step ahead of the sheriff, leaping from one
ice floe to another. In short, he has lost control of events and
doesn't really know what he is doing.
</p>
<p> Yet such characterizations miss the big picture, not just
of what Gorbachev is trying to do but also what he has already
done. "Events" didn't liberate Eastern Europe, rein in the
secret police or lay the groundwork for political pluralism and
parliamentary democracy. If Gorbachev disappeared from the scene
this week, his accomplishment would qualify as more than crisis
management and ad hockery.
</p>
<p> Besides, Gorbachev may not disappear this week, or next, or
anytime soon. He may last long enough to prove that he is the
sheriff, perhaps even the tiger. But whatever happens to
Gorbachev or to his troubled country, there is one thing that
neither today's Kremlinologists nor future historians can deny:
it was he who made the ice melt.
</p>
</body>
</article>
</text>