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<text id=90TT0769>
<title>
Mar. 26, 1990: Case Of The Unexplained Deaths
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
Mar. 26, 1990 The Germans
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
MEDICINE, Page 53
Case of the Unexplained Deaths
</hdr>
<body>
<p>A worrisome report warns about a new experimental AIDS drug
</p>
<p> AIDS activists have been vocal in urging the Food and Drug
Administration to relax its standards and authorize for general
use several experimental drugs that appear to help fight the
disease. Even though many medical experts worry about the
dangers of releasing relatively untested drugs to a broader
population, the FDA made a controversial decision last year to
allow wide distribution of certain drugs that are still in the
testing phase. Among the first was DDI, or dideoxyinosine, an
unproven medicine dubbed by its enthusiasts "AZT without tears."
The reference is to the most commonly used anti-AIDS drug,
which can produce distressing side effects.
</p>
<p> Last week a report from Bristol-Myers Squibb, the
manufacturers of DDI, suggested that the skeptics may have been
right. The report disclosed that of 8,000 patients who had been
taking DDI for seven months under the FDA's "expanded access"
program, 290 died. That was ten times the death rate found in
Bristol-Myers' own controlled clinical trial, in which 700
patients have received DDI. The report raised concerns not only
about the safety of the drug but also about the FDA's new
liberalization program.
</p>
<p> The actual cause of the 290 deaths is not yet known. Many
researchers feel the most likely explanation is a simple one:
the 8,000 people receiving the drug under the alternate program
were sicker than those in the clinical trials. To be eligible
for DDI in the expanded tests, patients must be suffering from
advanced AIDS and must be resistant to AZT. "For these people,
DDI is a last-ditch effort," says Dr. Bernard Bihari of the
Community Reseach Initiative, a clinic offering the drug to
AIDS sufferers in New York City. Dr. Anthony Fauci of the
National Institutes of Health observes that the death rate was
much lower than that found in the early trials of AZT. But the
report does raise "a red flag," adds Fauci, obliging either
Bristol-Myers or the Government to investigate the affair.
</p>
<p> Other experts feel the disclosures underscore serious
problems with the expanded-access program. In traditional
clinical trials, a small group of doctors closely monitors
every patient. But in the expanded-access program, hundreds of
doctors may administer the drug nationwide without consistently
exchanging information. As a result, many participating
physicians may not hear about significant side effects. "The
shock to me was that I had to learn about these deaths from the
newspaper," says Dr. Jeffrey Laurence, an AIDS researcher at
Cornell University Medical College. He calls for a centralized
monitoring system for doctors who are administering DDI.
</p>
<p> Still others argue that the entire program is flawed. Dr.
Thomas Chalmers of the Harvard School of Public Health calls
the DDI death rates "a disgrace." He believes all 8,000 people
should have been enrolled in a fully controlled clinical trial.
But most doctors feel the program will continue. If the
restrictions were tightened, AIDS sufferers would probably find
other ways to get experimental drugs. At the very least, the
new plan is offering one last chance to thousands of patients
with little other hope.
</p>
<p>By Andrew Purvis.
</p>
</body>
</article>
</text>