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TIME: Almanac 1990s
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1994-05-26
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<text id=94TT0467>
<title>
Apr. 25, 1994: The Keeper Of Vital Secrets
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1994
Apr. 25, 1994 Hope in the War against Cancer
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
BOOK EXCERPT, Page 72
The Keeper Of Vital Secrets
</hdr>
<body>
<p>Even before J. Robert Oppenheimer's first days at Los Alamos,
the U.S. government had suspicions about his loyalties. And
the doubts followed him until he was finally denied his Q clearance
in 1954.
</p>
<p> Like many liberal intellectuals of the time, Oppenheimer was
quite taken with the idealism he believed to underpin the new
Soviet state. He also feared for the safety of family members
still living in Hitler's Germany. In the 1930s, bolstered as
well by a loathing of Nazism, many Americans still living through
the disillusionment with capitalism brought on by the Depression
joined communist organizations and donated to causes supported
by the Communist Party of the U.S.
</p>
<p> In 1936, while teaching at Berkeley, Oppenheimer fell in love
with a woman named Jean Tatlock, a sometime Communist Party
member. She introduced Oppie, as he was known, to a series of
friends who were later branded as fellow travelers. In the same
year, his brother Frank, also a physicist, met and married a
young radical, and they quickly joined the Communist Party.
</p>
<p> Four years later, Oppenheimer married Katherine Harrison--his first marriage, her fourth; one of her former husbands had
been a Communist Party member who had persuaded her to join.
Throughout his years on the Manhattan Project, security officials
kept probing Oppenheimer and his colleagues for security leaks.
Oppenheimer was frequently evasive and on occasion dishonest
in his accounts of meetings with suspected communists, but no
leaks were detected until after the project was completed. The
Soviets, after all, were America's allies during the war, and
concern about their acquiring U.S. atomic secrets was secondary
to the mission of beating the Axis.
</p>
<p> After that goal had been achieved, Oppenheimer urged sharing
atomic secrets with other countries, including the U.S.S.R.,
and eventually came to oppose the development of the H-bomb.
His former Los Alamos colleague, Edward Teller, was infuriated
by Oppie's doubts about the "super," as the thermonuclear device
was called, and Teller's testimony before the Personnel Security
Board of the Atomic Energy Commission was vital to the essentially
political decision to revoke his clearance.
</p>
<p> Curiously, at the same time that it denied him clearance, the
board essentially exonerated Oppenheimer from any suspicion
of espionage. The majority report declared him a "loyal citizen"
and praised his "unusual ability to keep to himself vital secrets."
</p>
</body>
</article>
</text>