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TIME: Almanac 1990s
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<text id=93TT1780>
<title>
May 24, 1993: Reviews:Music
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1993
May 24, 1993 Kids, Sex & Values
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
REVIEWS
MUSIC, Page 82
For Them, Time Ran Out
</hdr>
<body>
<p>By MICHAEL WALSH
</p>
<qt>
<l>COMPOSERS: Three Young Europeans</l>
<l>ALBUM: Silenced Voices</l>
<l>LABEL: Northeastern</l>
</qt>
<p> THE BOTTOM LINE: The work of talents who did not escape the
Holocaust offers witness to what might have been.
</p>
<p> During the 1930s, a steady stream of composers and performers
fled Nazi Germany in the wake of Hitler's Kulturkampf. Paul
Hindemith, Kurt Weill, Arnold Schoenberg, Bruno Walter, Otto
Klemperer and other purveyors of "degenerate art" found a safe
haven in the U.S. Gentile and Jew alike, they contributed immeasurably
to the development of music in America. But what of those not
so lucky as to escape? What talents were consigned to the flames
of the Holocaust? The fascinating and moving new CD Silenced
Voices offers poignant witness to what was--and what might
have been.
</p>
<p> Perversely, music played an important role in the Nazi concentration
camps. Loudspeakers blared Schubert, Wagner and march music,
while, less officially, prisoners smuggled in instruments and
put on private musicales. In "model" camps such as Theresienstadt
(Terezin) in Bohemia, the inmates were even encouraged to perform
for visiting Red Cross workers to show that they were being
treated humanely. The late French composer Olivier Messiaen
wrote one of this century's most illuminating chamber works,
the Quartet for the End of Time, while incarcerated in a Silesian
camp. Messiaen survived. But for most victims time was something
that indeed came to an end.
</p>
<p> The stilled voices on the new disc belonged to Ervin Schulhoff,
a Prague-born composer and associate of George Grosz and Paul
Klee, who died at age 48 in 1942 in the Wulzburg camp; Vitez
slava Kapralova, a Czech-born pianist and conducting student
of Charles Munch, who, only 25, perished in 1940 of tuberculosis
while attempting to get to America; and Gideon Klein, another
Czech composer, who died in 1945 at the age of 25 after trips
to Theresienstadt, Auschwitz and Furstengrubbe.
</p>
<p> The most accomplished composer of the three was Schulhoff, whose
String Quartet No. 1 and two other chamber works, which date
from 1924-25, reveal the kind of craftsmanship and imagination
to be expected from a student of Reger and Debussy. The quartet
in particular is outstanding, combining the rhythmic snap of
Bartok with the plaintive melodic lines of Kodaly.
</p>
<p> Kapralova's brief Dubnova Preludia Suite for piano is another
strong work, dedicated to the pianist Rudolf Firkusny, who knew
her in Paris before the war. In four short movements this collection
of miniatures displays the Slavic influence of her teacher,
Bohuslav Martinu, in its deft command of keyboard technique,
sharp ear for piquant sonority and angular, accented melodies.
</p>
<p> Klein completed the first movement of his Duo for Violin and
Cello in November 1941, a month before he was sent to Theresienstadt.
There he took part in the camp's Potemkin-village cultural scene,
writing in a camp publication that "people who never lived here
will look at the number of musical events here with wonder and
amazement." He never finished the second movement: two minutes
and 35 seconds into the lento, the music is cut off in mid-measure,
mute testimony to catastrophe, as eloquent as any note ever
written.
</p>
<p> The performances by the Hawthorne String Quartet and other New
England-based musicians are brisk and idiomatic. But such considerations
are almost irrelevant in light of the music's larger issues.
"If we consider the demands of the programs, together with the
strains on the artists who live in new surroundings under unpleasant
conditions," wrote Klein, "we will understand that these artistic
efforts are not solely to be judged by the standards of a metropolitan
critic." History is now the judge.
</p>
</body>
</article>
</text>