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- <text id=91TT1895>
- <title>
- Aug. 26, 1991: Wall Street:Swaggering into Trouble
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1991
- Aug. 26, 1991 Science Under Siege
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- BUSINESS, Page 41
- WALL STREET
- Swaggering into Trouble
- </hdr><body>
- <p>Financial powerhouse Salomon Brothers digs a huge hole for itself
- by cheating in the most sacrosanct of markets
- </p>
- <p>By John Greenwald--Reported by Bernard Baumohl/New York and Hays
- Gorey/Washington
- </p>
- <p> As the most powerful government bond dealer on Wall Street,
- Salomon Brothers has long been known for its swagger and for a
- rough-and-tumble culture that reveled in practical jokes. But the
- scandal that stunned the giant firm last week was no laughing
- matter. With the company's stock collapsing in the wake of
- disclosures that Salomon had repeatedly tried to corner the
- market for Treasury securities, chairman John Gutfreund and
- president Thomas Strauss said they would offer their
- resignations at an emergency board meeting on Sunday. The firm
- said directors would also consider the fate of vice chairman
- John Meriwether, one of Wall Street's most respected bond
- traders. Omaha billionaire Warren Buffett, who owns $700 million
- of Salomon's preferred stock, said he would be willing to take
- Gutfreund's place as chairman and CEO until a permanent
- successor could be found.
- </p>
- <p> The resignations came after a whirlwind week in which the
- trading scandal grew to menace the health, and possibly the very
- existence, of the 81-year-old firm. The trouble began Aug. 9,
- when Salomon said it had suspended managing directors Paul Mozer
- and Thomas Murphy and two other employees. Their major misdeed:
- violating federal rules against acquiring more than 35% of
- Treasury notes and bonds at a government auction. The ceiling
- is designed to prevent large firms like Salomon from purchasing
- enough of an issue to dictate the price of the securities when
- they resell them to smaller buyers.
- </p>
- <p> Had Salomon's infractions stopped there, the firm might
- have contained the damage. But Salomon dropped a bombshell last
- Wednesday when it admitted that Gutfreund, Strauss and
- Meriwether had learned last April of a trading violation but had
- failed to report it "due to a lack of sufficient attention" to
- the matter. The firm later found still more irregularities but
- apparently did not disclose them until faced with a government
- investigation. "The fact that they believed they didn't have to
- obey the rules is shocking," said Stephen Miller, a Philadelphia
- securities lawyer. "To be seen to have violated the rules and
- to have people at the highest levels of the company know about
- it--and possibly even wink at it--is also shocking."
- </p>
- <p> The Justice Department and federal regulators launched
- investigations of the firm. Shareholders feared Salomon could
- even be barred from dealing in Treasury securities, a
- devastating penalty that could dry up most of the firm's
- profits. Such concerns caused the price of Salomon stock to
- plunge Thursday from 31 5/8 to 26 7/8. Buoyed by news of the
- imminent departure of Gutfreund, 61, and Strauss, 49, the stock
- finished the week at 28.
- </p>
- <p> The resignation of Gutfreund puts an end to one of Wall
- Street's most fabled careers. A gruff-talking, cigar-chomping
- bond trader, Gutfreund became chairman of Salomon in 1978.
- According to Liar's Poker, a 1989 best seller by Michael Lewis
- that described Salomon as a sort of financial Animal House,
- Gutfreund exhorted traders to come to work each morning "ready
- to bite the ass off a bear." When the traders were not executing
- centimillion-dollar deals, they delighted in such pranks as
- dumping garbage on one another's desks and replacing the
- contents of a male colleague's suitcase with lingerie.
- </p>
- <p> Ironically, it was a practical joke gone awry that helped
- bring Salomon down. In an elaborate form of hazing, Mozer
- reportedly persuaded a Salomon customer last February to submit
- a bogus $1 billion order for 30-year Treasury bonds. The idea
- was to shock the novice trader who received the order. But the
- prank backfired: the deal went through, and the unauthorized
- purchase landed on Salomon's books.
- </p>
- <p> Salomon rigged bids to exceed the 35% trading ceiling in
- at least three Treasury auctions during the past nine months.
- In December the firm bought 35% of an $8.5 billion,
- four-year-note sale and also submitted a $1 billion bid that was
- ostensibly for a customer but was really for its own account.
- The combined transactions gave Salomon a 46% share of the
- overall deal.
- </p>
- <p> In Washington lawmakers called for tighter regulation of
- the $2.2 trillion government securities market. Declared
- Congressman Edward Markey, a Massachusetts Democrat who chairs
- a subcommittee that oversees Treasury bond trading: "The issue
- is the integrity of the most important financial marketplace in
- the world." Markey blamed lax regulation for permitting Salomon
- to display "a cavalier disregard for the rules." Democratic
- Senator Christopher Dodd of Connecticut demanded that Treasury
- Secretary Nicholas Brady conduct a "full review" of the
- department's auction rules. With a $300 billion federal budget
- deficit to finance, Washington cannot afford to scare any bond
- buyers away.
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
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