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<text id=93CT1419>
<title>
Turkey--Communications
</title>
<article><source>CIA Factbook</source><hdr>The World Factbook 1993: Turkey
Communications</hdr><body>
<p>Railroads: 8,429 km 1.435-meter gauge (including 795 km
electrified)
</p>
<p>Highways: 320,611 km total; 138 km limited access expressways,
31,062 km national (main) roads, 27,853 km regional (secondary)
roads, 261,558 km local and municipal roads; 45,526 km of hard
surfaced roads (of which about 27,000 km are paved and about
18,500 km are surfaced with gravel or crushed stone) (1988 est.)
</p>
<p>Inland waterways: about 1,200 km
</p>
<p>Pipelines: crude oil 1,738 km, petroleum products 2,321 km,
natural gas 708 km
</p>
<p>Ports: Iskenderun, Istanbul, Mersin, Izmir
</p>
<p>Merchant marine: 353 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling
3,825,274 GRT/6,628,207 DWT; includes 7 short-sea passenger, 1
passenger-cargo, 189 cargo, 1 container, 6 roll-on/roll-off
cargo, 2 refrigerated cargo, 1 livestock carrier, 39 oil tanker,
10 chemical tanker, 3 liquefied gas, 9 combination ore/oil, 2
specialized tanker, 80 bulk, 3 combination bulk
</p>
<list>
<l>Airports:</l>
<l> total: 110</l>
<l> usable: 102</l>
<l> with permanent-surface runways: 65</l>
<l> with runways over 3,659 m: 3</l>
<l> with runways 2,440-3,659 m: 32</l>
<l> with runways 1,220-2,439 m: 26</l>
</list>
<p>Telecommunications: fair domestic and international systems;
trunk radio relay microwave network; limited open wire network;
3,400,000 telephones; broadcast stations - 15 AM; 94 FM; 357 TV;
1 satellite ground station operating in the INTELSAT (2 Atlantic
Ocean antennas) and EUTELSAT systems; 1 submarine cable
</p></body></article></text>