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- Arafat was among
- thousands of Pales-
- tinians driven from
- their homes by the
- creation of Israel
- in 1948. Britain's
- long support for "a
- national home for
- the Jewish people"
- had disregarded the
- rights of the Arabs
- who had lived in
- Palestine for many
- generations. It was
- a recipe for decades
- of conflict between
- the two peoples
- #
- When Britain left
- Israel in 1948, the
- UN tried to resolve
- the situation by
- creating two new
- patchwork states -
- one Israeli and one
- Palestinian. But a
- vicious civil war
- broke out, followed
- by the first Arab-
- Israeli war. Israel
- defeated Egypt and
- its allies, creating
- over half a million
- refugees. Some of
- these, including
- Arafat, began to
- wage a guerrilla
- war against Israel
- #
- Israel fell into
- a cycle of armed
- conflict with its
- neighbours. Egypt
- was defeated in
- the Suez war of
- 1956, and Israel
- overwhelmed its
- Arab enemies in
- the 1967 Six Day
- War, making great
- territorial gains
- and creating a
- new generation of
- refugees. The
- building of Israeli
- settlements in the
- occupied territory
- added to the anger
- of Palestinians
- #
- Defeat in the Six
- Day War marked
- a watershed for
- the politics of
- Palestine. Al Fatah
- took control of the
- PLO, the Palestine
- Liberation Organi-
- aation, which had
- been formed in
- 1964. The leader
- of Al Fatah was
- Yasser Arafat, and
- in 1969 he was
- elected chairman
- of the PLO's exec-
- utive committee
- #
- Although the
- Palestinian cause was
- always part of their
- rhetoric against
- Israel, the Arab
- nations kept the PLO
- - forced out of Jordan
- in 1970 - at arm's
- length, partly because
- of its terrorist tactics.
- In 1974, members of
- the UN General
- Assembly were
- shocked when Arafat
- addressed them
- wearing a gun holster
- #
- The PLO moved to
- Lebanon, and after
- the 1975 civil war
- began to dominate the
- southern part of the
- country. In 1982, the
- Israeli prime minister,
- Menachem Begin,
- ordered an invasion
- in response to attacks
- launched by PLO
- fighters. Once again
- Arafat was forced to
- move, this time to
- Tunisia
- #
- The Palestinian
- uprising in the
- occupied territories of
- the West Bank and
- Gaza Strip, the
- Intifada, was brutally
- suppressed by Israeli
- troops. This shifted
- international opinion
- towards the PLO, and
- Yasser Arafat seized
- the time by
- renouncing terrorism
- and leading the
- landless 'state' of
- Palestine towards a
- negotiated settlement
- #
- Once the PLO's
- parliament, the
- Palestine National
- Council, had accepted
- UN Resolution 242
- and implicitly
- recognized Israel's
- right to exist, the
- main diplomatic
- obstacle to peace
- negotiations was
- eliminated. But it was
- another five years
- before the peace
- process produced
- results
- #
- An important part in
- the rehabilitation of
- the PLO's
- international image,
- especially after
- Arafat's support for
- Iraq in the Gulf War,
- was played by Hanan
- Ashrawi. A
- university professor
- and mother of two,
- she gave the
- Palestinian cause a
- practical, human face
- when she became its
- spokesperson in 1991
- @
- A change of
- government in Israel,
- and new premier
- Yitzhak Rabin's
- decision to pursue
- secret negotiations
- with Arafat in
- Norway, restarted a
- process which had
- stalled after US-
- sponsored talks in
- Madrid. The signing
- of the 1993 peace
- accord and Arafat's
- symbolic handshake
- with Rabin marked
- the crowning point of
- his career as a
- statesman
- #
- to be written
- #
- As part of the peace
- deal of 1993 Israel
- and the PLO agreed
- to recognize each
- other's right to exist.
- The PLO agreed to
- renounce violence,
- and the objective of
- self-rule for
- Palestinians in the
- Gaza Strip and
- Jericho was
- established
- #
- The joint award of the
- Nobel Prize to Arafat
- and Yitzhak Rabin
- was another triumph
- for the former
- terrorist. But in the
- occupied territories,
- the Intifada had lent
- strength to the radical
- Islamic group,
- Hamas, which
- threatened to tear up
- the peace agreement.
- Many felt that Arafat
- had conceded too
- much to Israel
- #
- Arafat's longevity as
- Palestinian leader is
- remarkable. He has
- overcome many
- reversals of fortune
- and survived internal
- PLO disputes, a plane
- crash, and continuous
- attacks over his
- recognition of Israel.
- But Yitzhak Rabin
- did not survive the
- peace process: his
- concessions to the
- Palestinians led to his
- assassination in
- November 1995 by a
- right-wing Israeli
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