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- Gandhi, the prophet
- of non-violence,
- influenced many
- political agitators,
- most notably
- Martin Luther King.
- Gandhi studied law
- in London, and his
- knowledge of
- English law and
- English ways was to
- prove useful in his
- later dealings with
- the British
- #
- Gandhi learned the
- art of political
- agitiation in South
- Africa, where he
- lived for several
- years after he
- qualified as a
- lawyer. While he
- was in Africa he
- renounced his
- personal wealth
- and established a
- commune near
- Durban. Here he
- developed his
- ideas concerning
- pacifism, comm-
- unal living and
- self-sufficiency
- #
- Gandhi returned
- to India in 1915,
- during the first
- world war. At first
- he put his energies
- into the British
- war effort, then
- as a leader of the
- movement for
- independence from
- Britain, he rapidly
- became a thorn in
- the side of the
- authorities
- #
- In 1920 Gandhi
- became leader of
- the Indian National
- Congress. He now
- started a campaign
- to liberate the
- lowest "caste" in
- Indian society, the
- "untouchables". In
- his opposition to
- British rule,
- Gandhi's policy
- was always one
- of "non-violence,
- non-cooperation"
- #
- Gandhi soon
- clashed with the
- British authorities
- and in 1922 he was
- sentenced to six
- years in prison for
- sedition. He was
- released in 1924
- following an
- operation for
- appendicitis
- @
- In India, the
- unlicensed manu-
- facture of salt
- was illegal under
- British law. In
- 1930, as part of a
- civil disobedience
- campaign, Gandhi
- led a march to the
- sea to make salt.
- It was a way of
- breaking the law
- and antagonising
- the authorities
- without causing
- any actual harm
- #
- When the second
- world war began
- in 1939, Gandhi
- sought to exploit
- British weakness
- (even though, as a
- pacifist, he was
- against fascism)
- by demanding that
- Britain relinquish
- India. This time,
- and at long last,
- his wish was
- granted. Plans for
- Indian home rule
- began as soon as
- the war ended
- #
- The Congress party was the largest in India, but it mainly represented Hindus.
- Rivalry between Congress and the Muslim League, led by Mohammed Ali Jinnah,
- resulted in the League committing itself in 1940 to the creation of a separate
- state for Muslims
- #
- In 1945 Britain
- announced that
- India would have
- independence. Lord
- Louis Mountbatten
- (seen in 1947 with
- his wife, accepting
- a visit from Gandhi)
- was appointed by
- the government
- to oversee the
- transfer of power
- #
- In 1947, the president of the Indian National Congress was Pandit Nehru. He
- represented India in the independence negotiations, and was to become the country's
- first prime minister. He also founded a dynasty: his daughter Indira Gandhi (no relation
- to Mahatma) and grandson Rajiv also became prime ministers of India
- #
- Gandhi was
- assassinated by a
- Hindu fanatic, who
- regarded him as a
- traitor for having
- accepted partition.
- Decades before,
- in South Africa,
- Mahatma Gandhi
- had prophesied his
- martyrdom when
- he had said: "I
- wish to die by
- the bullet...we
- must willingly
- receive bullets
- in our bodies"
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