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- After a summer of
- strikes in 1980,
- Polish workers
- won unprecedented
- concessions from
- the communist
- government. In an
- agreement signed
- by Lech Walesa, an
- electrician at the
- Lenin shipyard,
- Gdansk, workers
- were given the
- right to form
- free trade unions
- and to strike
- #
- Walesa's rise
- from unemployed
- electrician to
- workers' hero
- was swift. He
- emerged as a
- union leader at
- the Lenin ship-
- yard (where he
- started work at
- 18) during the
- first workers'
- rebellion, in 1970.
- Ten years later,
- he was negotiating
- on behalf of all
- Poland's workers
- #
- Solidarity, the
- new trade union
- led by Walesa,
- demanded further
- concessions from
- a weak Polish
- government. The
- union was on the
- way to becoming
- a political party
- to rival the Polish
- communists. The
- USSR warned that
- further upheaval
- would not be
- tolerated. General
- Jaruzelski was
- the strong man
- appointed to deal
- with Walesa
- #
- A power struggle
- consumed Poland
- during 1981 as
- hardliners in the
- government tried
- to resist the new
- reforms, while the
- Solidarity union
- orchestrated fresh
- strikes. At the end
- of the year the
- Polish government
- imposed martial
- law under pressure
- from Moscow. Lech
- Walesa was placed
- under house arrest
- and Solidarity was
- banned outright
- #
- Although martial
- law was lifted in
- 1983, Solidarity
- remained banned.
- In 1988 came the
- biggest outbreak
- of unrest in Poland
- since 1980. Angry
- workers at the
- Lenin shipyard led
- a fresh wave of
- strikes in 1988 to
- demand recognition
- of the free union.
- Solidarity was on
- the move again
- #
- The political land-
- scape of eastern
- Europe changed
- dramatically with
- the arrival of
- Mikhail Gorbachev
- in the Soviet Union.
- In April 1989, the
- eight-year ban on
- Solidarity was
- lifted, and the
- way cleared for
- the trade union to
- compete in free
- national elections,
- the first ever in
- the Soviet bloc
- @
- At the height of
- his struggle with
- the communist
- regime Walesa
- was awarded the
- Nobel peace prize.
- It was a tribute
- to the leading role
- the Polish people,
- and Walesa in
- particular, had
- played in challen-
- ging oppression
- in eastern Europe
- #
- In the national
- elections of June
- 1989, Solidarity
- won all the seats
- it was allowed to
- contest (one third
- of the total) in
- Poland's Lower
- House, and 99 out
- of the 100 seats
- in the Senate. The
- old government
- was humiliated:
- even unopposed
- communist candi-
- dates failed to
- win their seats
- #
- Walesa's destiny
- was fulfilled when
- in 1990 he won a
- victory in Poland's
- first free presi-
- dential elections.
- It was the culmi-
- nation of a nation's
- long struggle for
- freedom, and it
- set the pattern
- for other nations
- in eastern Europe
- #
- Walesa inspired a movement strong enough to bring down a communist regime. Vaclav
- Havel was a similar case, in that his moral authority derived from the fact that he
- had been a dissident under the communists
- #
- Walesa, 'the Great
- Electrician', is a
- born fighter who
- seems to thrive on
- battling an enemy
- who is stronger
- than himself. As an
- oppressed citizen,
- the living symbol
- of Poland's longing
- for freedom, he
- was magnificent;
- as president of a
- free Poland he
- was a disappoint-
- ment. In the end
- he could not be a
- great man and a
- powerful one at
- the same time
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