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- Philips was
- founded in 1891
- by a mechanical
- engineer, Gerard
- Philips, to manu-
- facture lightbulbs.
- Under his brother,
- Anton, the firm
- grew rapidly, but
- wartime shortages
- forced the "vert-
- ical integration"
- (making everything
- from the glass
- bulbs to cardboard
- packaging), which
- was to prove the
- company's strength
- #
- Anton Philips,
- then 48, took over
- from his elder
- brother, Gerard, in
- 1922. Anton had a
- genius for market-
- ing. He introduced
- new electrical
- goods including
- radios (the first
- Philips set
- appeared in 1927),
- and began turning
- his company into
- an industrial giant
- #
- The electric tea-
- kettle must surely
- be the simplest
- and best electrical
- gadget in the
- home. It is faster
- and safer, more
- adaptable,
- energy-efficient
- and mobile than
- its stove-top
- equivalent. Such
- devices became
- the bread-and-
- butter of Philips
- and its many
- competitiors
- #
- Electrical goods,
- from steamirons
- to microwaves,
- have always been
- marketed as
- labor-saving
- devices. This was
- an important
- selling-point as
- more women
- went out to work
- but still bore
- responsibility for
- the chores in
- the household
- #
- Competition from
- Japan, oil crises
- and recessions
- provoked a series
- of crises. And the
- problem remains
- that in the four
- decades since
- Anton Philips'
- death, his goal -
- consumer durables
- in every home -
- has largely been
- achieved. Philips
- now makes
- super-chips, but
- not washing
- machines
- #
- In the Twenties
- Philips was a
- leader in the
- home entertain-
- ment field - with
- the radio. The
- company launched
- the CD (co-prod-
- uced with Sony),
- but recent efforts
- to sell innovations
- such as the digital
- cassette, high-
- definition TV and
- CDi players, have
- hit problems
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