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- Saunders opened
- the Piggly Wiggly
- self-service
- grocery in 1916.
- By 1923 he had a
- chain of 2,800
- stores across
- the USA. Saunders
- pioneered self-
- service and brand
- choice, giving
- consumers a
- cheaper and
- a much quicker
- one-stop shop
- #
- In the economic
- austerity that
- followed the
- second world war,
- the supermarket
- was slow to
- arrive in Europe.
- The US, meanwhile,
- raised the super-
- market to an art
- form, so by the
- time it crossed
- the Atlantic in
- the Fifties the
- concept was
- highly developed
- #
- By the Sixties
- supermarkets
- were to be found
- on every town's
- main street in
- Britain and
- competition was
- fierce. Price
- wars and pro-
- motions became
- a daily feature of
- supermarket
- shopping. But
- subtler psycho-
- logical devices
- have also been
- used to keep
- shoppers spending
- #
- The biggest
- worry of the
- supermarkets has
- always been how
- to ensure the
- loyalty of their
- customers. With
- little difference
- between the
- range or quality
- of products
- offered by the
- competing
- supermarkets,
- they have
- worked hard at
- building distinct
- identities
- #
- The self-service
- nature of the
- supermarket
- crated a need
- for new kinds of
- packaging, both
- for hygiene and
- for product
- recognition. The
- snappy designs
- also provided a
- way to make
- unexciting
- products seem
- attractive to the
- consumer
- #
- After the
- hardships of
- wartime rationing
- the supermarket
- was greeted
- enthusiastically
- by British
- shoppers. They
- became symbols
- of the new age of
- technology and
- choice
- #
- The shopping cart
- was the innovation
- that allowed
- supermarkets to
- thrive. Previously
- customers bought
- only what could
- be carried
- comfortably, but
- the arrival of the
- shopping cart
- encouraged them
- to make larger
- purchases
- #
- Supermarket
- shopping is no
- longer just a daily
- chore, it is a
- social event with
- little pleasures all
- of its own
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