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- @
- Wilbur and Orville
- were the sons of
- an itinerant
- preacher, and they
- sold bicycles for
- a living. As boys
- they were inspired
- to study aero-
- nautics by the
- life (and death,
- in 1896) of
- pioneer glider
- Otto Lilienthal,
- and by a French
- flying toy their
- father had
- brought home
- #
- In December
- 1903, the Wright
- brothers attempted
- to fly from Kill
- Devil Hill, near
- Kitty Hawk in
- North Carolina.
- The first success-
- ful flight lasted
- 12 seconds,
- covering 120 ft.
- Two years later
- they succeeded in
- making a flight of
- 24 miles
- #
- An aircraft's wing
- has a thick
- leading edge
- which tapers to a
- narrow trailing
- edge. The bottom
- is flat, or even
- slightly concave,
- whereas the top
- surface is convex.
- As the wing
- moves forward,
- air flowing across
- the top has to
- travel faster than
- across the
- bottom, because
- the curve means
- it has further to
- go. This creates a
- partial vacuum
- above, giving 'lift'
- #
- When the Wright
- brothers began
- their work, the
- basic principles of
- flight were
- already known.
- Their great idea
- was the 'elevator',
- the small wing at
- the front of their
- aircraft, the Flyer.
- It controlled the
- angle at which
- the aircraft flew,
- to make it climb
- or descend
- #
- Powered flight
- was not practical
- before the inven-
- tion of a light and
- powerful internal
- combustion engine.
- The Wrights built
- their own for Kitty
- Hawk. In 1948 it
- went on show at
- the Smithsonian
- in Washington,
- after many years
- at the Science
- Museum in London
- #
- The US War Office
- hired the Wright
- brothers in 1909
- to develop a
- military aircraft.
- Wilbur died soon
- afterwards, but
- Orville continued
- their work. Many
- others took up
- the challenge too,
- and airplanes
- fought in combat
- in the first world
- war. Thereafter,
- the huge expansion
- of commercial
- aviation began
- @
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